Indatshana enesihloko esithi "Kusho sokudalwa anamahlaya ezimnandi Fairy ka Saltykov-Shchedrin"

izinkinga ukuhleleka emphakathini zazihlale etholakalayo, futhi yezinganekwane yabo cwaningo yabo futhi ugxeka Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngale ndlela sibonisa uthando ezweni, angabi nandaba nokuthi kwenzekani kubantu bomdabu futhi izwe othandekayo.

Saltykov-Shchedrin - exposer ka ekungalinganini emphakathini

Saltykov-Shchedrin wayezibonele ngawakhe zonke izinto ezimbi ezenzeka serfdom. Ukukhulela emkhayeni ezihloniphekayo, kusukela esemncane yase ithathe ama nenzondo ukugqilazwa abalimi. Saltykov Shchedrin ngokwakhe uthini ngalokhu esengumntwana, lapho ukuhlupheka, ukwesaba kanye nendlala abalimi ngokuthi ukuba umbhali osemusha umphefumulo ubuhlungu.

Shchedrin kuziwa ekutadisheni ku Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Ngeshwa, esikoleni akuyona indlela okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-Pushkin: othisha ababuthakathaka. Njengoba abafundi ikhanda ezifakelwa umqondo wokuthi umsebenzi wabo - "ukusebenza ehola izibani imiklamo". Noma kunjalo Lyceum neminyaka umthelela, kwayenza yathela umbono womlobi, okungukuthi lapho ehlangana Petrashevsky. Ubungane abadumile umbhali nakancane futhi iba namandla kakhulu.

Kakade emisebenzini yakhe yokuqala Saltykov-Shchedrin ugxeke oda kwezenhlalo nokuhleleka emphakathini. Ngenxa yalesi umlobi uNicholas mina libhekisela Vyatka. Kube Saltykov-Shchedrin izahlulelo ezinamandla ngisho nakakhulu umbono oda kwezenhlalo.

Lapho ebuya ekuthunjweni Saltykov-Shchedrin usebenza Enkonzweni, wahlangana Nekrasov futhi iqala ukusebenza "Amanothi we lawobaba" futhi "Contemporary". Noma ngabe ubhala ibhizinisi noma inkonzo yomphakathi, nxazonke ukusebenza lalibonisa esiyingqayizivele Michael Evgrafovich.

Inganekwane - umqhele umsebenzi wombhali

Inganekwane kukhona umqhele indalo Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumelwe zidonsele lolu hlobo kwaba kosopolitiki. Ngo 1881, Abantu wabulala u-Alexander II. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, izincwadi ezinyathelisiwe kuthiwa kakhulu zazihlolwa. Ngakho, kwakudingeka usungula uhlobo olusha ukuziqhakambisa yomfundi ukuze ukugxekwa izinkinga zezenhlalo. Lokhu kwashukumisela Saltykov-Shchedrin noma aphendukele ekuthengiseni uhlobo Aesopian - inganekwane.

Kwakukhona nesinye isizathu ekwelapheni umbhali ukuba tale: wayekholelwa, uhlobo esiseduzane abantu, ngokusebenzisa ke ungakwazi ukudlulisela yimuphi umfundi imicabango yakho. izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe yokudala yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin asishiywa izizinda nandaba kakhulu ekuphileni.

"Izindaba okwesikhathi yobudala fair" - Lalingubani igama iqoqo lokuqala Saltykov-Shchedrin, ehlanganisa 28 yezinganekwane. Kungani umbhali uchaza njengoba izilaleli zakhe? Izingane zifunda ngosizo inganekwane emhlabeni, kanye, ngokuvumelana Saltykov-Shchedrin, kanye nabantu abadala kudingeka uvule amehlo akho ukuba ngokoqobo.

Umlobi imbala kubonakala njengendlela umlandzi - a benhlanhla nabanomusa, izindaba lapho kuvela hleka ukubhuqa. Abagxeki wachaza Saltykov-Shchedrin ngokuthi "umshushisi ngokoqobo Russian."

Ngokuvamile, kwelinye tale ephakanyiswe izihloko eziningana efanele. Bona zingancishiswa ezine: exposure unamandla angenamkhawulo yenkosi, lesigaba esibusayo, liberalism, njengoba umbhali kwakuphathelene nenkinga yabantu.

Yobuciko okwakhe yezinganekwane Saltykov-Shchedrin

Ngevolumu lingaphansi kuka indaba inganekwane. Kodwa-ke yembula okukhulu kakhulu kubantu nokuziphatha kwabo. Kufezwa ngokusebenzisa zonke kungenzeka kusho umqondo yokudala yamahlaya. Ngo yezinganekwane Saltykov- Shchedrina art kungenzeka wazi izici ezilandelayo:

1. Khuluma Folk yezinganekwane:

• Izethulo: "Uhlale kodwa babe", "Ngo-umbuso ezithile."
• Izinombolo e ukubaluleka non-ezinombolo: "Cha, Far Away umbuso."
• Bathi: "On the negagasi Wand."
• epithets Okumangalisayo: "izilo ezinolaka."
• amagama amahle "Ivan le Fool".

2. kuyofikwa isiko lezinganekwane. Ngokuvamile bebizwa izinganekwane e temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, ngoba engokomfanekiso ulimi ukuboniswa imikhuba emibi abantu ngokusebenzisa izithombe kwezilwane ( "the Piscary Uhlakaniphile").

3. elibona nxazonke yangempela futhi kumnandi - umthombo eziyinhloko kufinyelelwa okuhlekisayo-yezinganekwane Saltykov Shchedrina.

4. yezinganekwane libhekene ulimi aphoristic.

Amahlaya Ihlaya umehluko phakathi imiqondo

Ngaphambi ehlaziya izindlela yokudala yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin, kuzomele banqume ukuthi umbhali usebenzisa: amahlaya noma ukubhinqa. Lezi imiqondo emibili ezihlobene umphumela yamahlaya, kodwa umehluko okukhulu: amahlaya - kungcono insini, hhayi inselele kumuntu. Nge ukubhinqa kuhlukile: ke linobungozi, sineka caustic. Njengomthetho, kwenza fun wemikhuba yomuntu noma zenhlalo. Ukubhikisha kanye intukuthelo - a iziphuphutheki ukubhinqa.

Lisebenzisa uhleko satirical Saltykov-Shchedrin inganekwane. Lokhu uhleko ukuthola abafundi ukucabanga ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle ngekulandzelana ekhona.

Njengoba umlobi ephumelelisa yamahlaya

Cabanga indlela yokudala yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin. Umlobi usebenzisa izindlela eziningana:

1. I hyperbola (ihaba). Ngokwesibonelo, Piscary ophilayo nangokuthuthumela iminyaka engu-100 kwimbobo yayo (inganekwane "Piscary Uhlakaniphile").
2. Akunangqondo (Compound ngokoqobo futhi letingemaciniso). Singasho ukuthi kuyisici sobuntu kakhulu yezinganekwane elibi Shchedrin. Phela, izinhlamvu bakhe bathambekele avele nenxenye Okuyınqo, izwe semi fantasy ( "Tale mayelana kanjani ukuba umuntu oyedwa fed ojenene ababili" - ojenene yangempela indlela kumnandi uthuthe umbhali ku esiqhingini desert).
3. Allegory (ekhombisa ngokusebenzisa izithombe zezilwane sisakubona womuntu womphakathi). Ngokwesibonelo, inganekwane "nonogwaja ngokungenabugovu", owawugweba ukulalela enze umsebenzi wobugqila, isazela namandla self-ukulondolozwa. Futhi eyakhelwe ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela.
4. Aesop ulimi. Reception, lapho inkulumo yombhali kuyindida, egcwele ukukhishwa kungabhekisela. (Okuvamile, kanye esiqhingini, "kukhala lo okokuqala ngqa ngemva kokuba ebhukwini avaliwe").

Njengoba ubona, usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amathuluzi ngokudala yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin. Indatshana kulesi sihloko kufanele amboze zonke kokudla.

Ukuhlaziywa amathuluzi Fairy yamahlaya tale "umninindlu Wild"

Ake sihlole esinye izindaba ukuchaza indlela yokudala yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin. "Umninindlu Wild" - omunye imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu umbhali wale uhlobo. The tale isitshela indaba okhuluma ngomnikazi wezwe, ngubani wasala ngaphandle serfs. Waba nomuzwa wokuthi, ngalahlekelwa "umuntu", sizophola kahle, kodwa kwenzeka okuphambene. Umastende wasendle kwaba njengesilwane.

Saltykov-Shchedrin e indaba evusa iphuzu elibalulekile: amandla olungenamkhawulo isigaba umninindlu, abantukazana, ubuwula nobuze lempilo abanikazi bamazwe. Umbhali kuletha umqondo wakhe, usebenzisa amathuluzi athile: ihaba, elibi, synecdoche kanye bokungafani.

isithombe Hyperbolic zomninindawo emva ulahlekile abalimi: igcwele sezinwele, izinzipho, walahlekelwa ikhono lokukhuluma. Uma sikhuluma elibi, kwanele ukunikeza isibonelo yokuthi kusukela izindlu elahlekile abalimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Saltykov-Shchedrin sihamba kalula kusukela wangempela fantastic: lapha umninindlu uhlala e castle - isimo sangempela, egijima zasendle, "akukho muntu" - fantastic, indoda lena ivele - ekuphileni futhi babe enengqondo.

Lenani wokuqamba asetshenziswe upholavuthondaba - ukuphikiswa: impilo ephelele zomninindawo nge, indoda ethile yayiphikisana ekuphileni ngaphandle indoda. Ukunikeza lomkhuba enze umsebenzi wobugqila abantukazana isikali uhlamvu, umbhali yakho iye yakhetha synecdoche, reception, lapho ingxenye lwabelwe ngokusebenzisa lonke: "ongumlimi" e inganekwane - konke abantukazana iyonke.

ulimi lombhali kuyindida, iphimbo lakhe nobuntu Aesop ulimi (umninindlu ayikwazanga uyiqaphuqaphu elingaphandle umsindo kakade, "kodwa ingakamiswa aluthola umsila").

Sesihlole indlela yokudala yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin. Okubhaliwe luyobe lungaphelele uma ungenawo ukugqamisa indlela kwezobuciko: izingathekiso ( "Fireball") kanye tiphawulo ( "izwi osemqoka", "umzimba crumbly").

Umbhali ukusetshenziswa kanye zamasiko nezisusa. Lokhu kufezwa e yezinganekwane yamahlaya Saltykov-Shchedrin. Indatshana ku "umninindlu Wild" - nayo iyathinteka kulokhu. Kufanele kuqashelwe: buviyoviyo ( "embusweni"), amazwi ( "behlala ngenjabulo ukuphila kwabo"), temdzabu izithombe kwezilwane (uthela Cabangisisa, nonogwaja ngobugwala, ubuqili igundane kancane), ukuphindaphinda into kathathu (kathathu wathatha umninindlu izivakashi uma abalimi abaye balahlekelwa umsebenzi).

Tales Shchedrin - isikhumbuzo of uvuthondaba. Ukusebenzisa abantu isiko olusankondlo, umbhali wakwazi ihlanganise wokuqukethwe ocebile ngemibono.