Goncharova Roman "I Precipice": Isifinyezo nomlando

Roman Goncharova "Broken" - ingxenye lwesithathu nolokugcina njengesithunywa trilogy abadumile, okuyinto sihlanganisa incwadi "Indaba Ordinary" futhi "Oblomov". Kulesi umsebenzi, umlobi baqhubeka polemic yakhe nemibono Socialist-sixties. Umlobi ayinandaba isifiso abanye abantu bayakhohlwa izikweletu, uthando, ashiye umkhaya wakubo uhambe kumasipala ikusasa eliqhakazile lesintu sonke. Izindaba ezinjalo e-1860s iphutha kaningi. Roman Goncharov "kumemeza" mayelana zokugwema ukuphuka nihilists izibopho yokhokho, okuyinto akunakusetshenziswa akufanele ilibaleke. Ulwazi ngomlando Isifinyezo salokhu umsebenzi okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

design

Roman Goncharova "I Precipice" yadalwa cishe engamashumi amabili. Umqondo incwadi wayevela Umlobi 1849, lapho ephinda wavakashela lwakubo Simbirsk. Kube Ivan Alexandrovich zasebuntwaneni weza zibuye. Wayefuna ukwenza saleli imisebenzi emisha ukuthi unakekelwa ngesisa iVolga namathafa. Waqala kanjalo-ke umlando indalo. "Vula" Goncharova, Okwamanje, uye isengakasetjentiswa ephepheni. Ngo-1862, Ivanu Aleksandrovichu sathola ithuba ukuhlangabezana esikebheni nomuntu ezithakazelisayo. Kwaba umculi - imvelo oshisekayo futhi lubanzi. Yena ukushintsha kalula impilo izinhlelo, njalo wahlala isiboshwa emcabangweni wakhe wokudala. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ukuba zingene usizi zabanye abantu futhi ukusiza ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngemva lo mhlangano, Goncharov babenombono ukwakha inoveli mayelana umculi, kwezobuciko nemvelo yakhe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho, kancane kancane osebeni olunothile of the iVolga, kwaphakama indaba imisebenzi abadumile.

ukushicilelwa

Goncharov ngezikhathi inike abafundi ezinye iziqephu kule noveli sidle. Ngo 1860, e-"Contemporary" umkhiqizo isinqamu yanyatheliswa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Sofia Nikolaevna Belovodova". Ngemva konyaka e "Amanothi we lawobaba" yavela izahluko ezimbili ngaphezulu kusuka Romana Goncharova "Vula" - 'Esimweni' futhi "ugogo". Final umsebenzi wokubuyekeza wesitayela usebhekene eFrance ngo-1868. I okufushane umnyuziki noveli eshicilelwe ngo-1869, kulandela e umagazini "Isimemezelo Europe". ukushicilelwa Hlukanisa umsebenzi yanyatheliswa ngo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Goncharov evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Vula" ingane intandokazi emcabangweni wakhe, futhi wamnika indawo ekhethekile imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko.

Isithombe zePharadesi

Roman Goncharova "I Precipice" iqala incazelo umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho umsebenzi. Lokhu Rayskiy Boris Pavlovich - umnumzana kusukela emndenini ocebile ahlukile. Uhlala Petersburg, ngenkathi ukuphathwa Isikhwama Berezhkova Tatiana Markovna (isihlobo elikude). Le nsizwa iziqu University, wazama isandla sakhe lempi umphakathi, kodwa yonke indawo wahlangana ukuphoxeka. At ekuqaleni we Romana Goncharova "Vula" Epharadesi engaphezudlwana amathathu. Naphezu engu ehloniphekile, 'wayesemdala elingahlwanyelwa lutho, musa Shake. " Boris Pavlovich usephila impilo ngokunganaki, ngaphandle kokwenza imisebenzi. Nokho, kuyinto ngokwemvelo abanalo "inhlansi saphezulu." Anakho ikhono elimangalisayo umculi. IPharadesi enza okungqubuzana neseluleko lezihlobo ukuzinikela yobuciko. Nokho ubuvila banal emvimbela self-actualization. Nge uhlobo bukhoma, zeselula izwele, uBoris Pavlovich uhlose okhela izinkanuko sina emzungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, ufuna "ukuvusa ukuphila" umzala wakhe okude, abesifazane amahle UZandile Belovodovoy. Lokhu umsebenzi, yena ezahlukweni sonke isikhathi sakhe esikhululekile Petersburg.

UZandile Belovodova

Le ntombazane - samuntu eziqoshiwe zesifazane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwenzeka ukuba ngishade, akazi ukuphila. Owesifazane wakhulela inxuluma zikanokusho, zemabula yayo Ubukhosi okusikhumbuza emathuneni. Imfundo yezwe iyodwa kuminze wakhe "imizwelo engokwemvelo njengabesifazane imizwa." Kuyinto abandayo, enhle futhi sizithobe ikusasa lakhe - ukuze ngizigcine nginolwazi oluhle ukuvela, futhi uzithola elandelayo ephathini ehloniphekile. Phemba ugqozi kule wesifazane - iphupho ezithandwayo zezingoma ePharadesi. Wabhala isithombe sakhe, okuholela izingxoxo zakhe ezinde ngokuphila nezincwadi. Nokho, uSophia uhlala abandayo kanye ongenakusondela kuko. Ubonisa umfanekiso ubuso yethonya ukukhanya nezilima umphefumulo Ivan Goncharov. "Vula" libonisa ukuthi kudabukisa kanjani, lapho "okushiwo inhliziyo" yemvelo benziwa imihlatshelo saya emhlanganweni owamukelwa. IPharadesi imizamo kwezobuciko ukuvuseleleka esifanekisweni zemabula, enezele futhi "umuntu ecabanga" ehluleka ngiphumelele.

yesifundazwe Russia

Engxenyeni yokuqala kule noveli wethula umfundi nge izenzo ezahlukene Goncharov indawo. "Broken", sifinyeto elichazwa lesi sihloko linikeza isithombe Russia yesifundazwe. Lapho Boris Pavlovich kuziwa robin yakubo eholidini, uhlangana khona umzala wakhe - Tatiana Markovna, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe, ngokuthi ugogo. Empeleni, kuba abaphilayo owesifazane omuhle engamashumi amahlanu. Inezinga zonke ezinye izindaba zika indawo yethu futhi ukhulisa intandane amantombazane amabili: Ukholo Marfenku. Lapha umfundi wokuqala sihlangana nge welithi "ukuvula" e ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo ongokoqobo. Ngokusho yetinsita zendawo, ezansi ifa etholakala eduze udonga omkhulu kanye umyeni nomona wabulala nomkakhe imbangi, wase eyazibulala. Ukuzibulala noma wangcwatshwa endaweni yesehlakalo. Wonke umuntu uyesaba uvakashele kule ndawo.

Ukuya esikhathini Robin futhi, Edene wesaba ukuthi "alikho bukhoma, ukhule abantu" lapho futhi akukho ukunyakaza yokucabanga. Futhi akulungile. Kwaba eRussia yesifundazwe, uthola izinkanuko enobudlova futhi bazikhandla befuna ingcebo.

Life nothando

imfundiso imfashini ngawo-1960 nihilists izingxabano "Vula" Goncharova. Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nasezindaweni isakhiwo kule noveli komkhondo kwale mpikiswano. Kuyaziwa ukuthi, kusukela umbono we Socialist, izwe libuswa yomzabalazo wezigaba. Polina Karpova izithombe, Marina Ulyany Kozlovoy kumbhali kufakazela ukuthi ukuphila kusishukumisela uthando. Akukhona njalo ephephile futhi engenzeleli. Savely indoda pholisa owayo uthandana Marina antule ukuzithiba. A Leonty sina futhi lulungile Kozlov crazy mayelana esidlekeni lomkakhe awunalutho. Mfundisi ePharadesi engaqondile uthi konke ababekudinga ukuze ukuphila ezincwadini. Futhi akulungile. Ukuhlakanipha futhi ngobulili kusukela Isizukulwane esidala kwencane. Ulubheke - kungukuqonda ukuthi izwe eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalelo kubonakala efika kuqala. Lena injongo kulo ePharadesi inoveli: umlingo engavamile ngo izimpilo zabantu abaseduze naye.

Marfenka

izinhlamvu emibili eyahlukene kuba umfundi Goncharov. "Broken", sifinyeto okungenani kunikela umqondo wokuthi inoveli, kodwa awukwazi ukuzwa komkhiqizo ukujula eligcwele ngokugcwele, kuqala liqala ukusitshela ngo-Marfenkoy. Le ntombazane ilula futhi babengazazi nhlobo. Kubonakala Boris Pavlovich Welukwa "umbala, ukukhanya, ukushisa kanye umbala entwasahlobo." Marfenka uyabathanda abantwana kakhulu futhi ngokulangazela ekuzilungiseleleni izinjabulo ngumama. Mhlawumbe umbuthano wakhe izintshisekelo lincane, kodwa hhayi njengoba sayeka ukusebenza njengendawo "canary" UZandile Belovodovoy emhlabeni. Uyazi eziningi lokho umfowabo omdala Boris Iyatholakala: indlela yokutshala rye kanye oats, njengoba udinga ukhuni ukwakha eqhugwaneni. Ekugcineni, Edene uyaqaphela ukuthi "ukuthuthukisa" lalokhu kudalwa ujabule futhi abahlakaniphile uyize leze, ngakho unonya. Lokhu kuvimbela ugogo wakhe.

ukholo

Vera - uhlobo ohluke ngokuphelele imvelo zesifazane. Kuyinto intombazane ukubukwa lesichubekako, okuqinile, kunqunywa, ukusesha. Goncharov silungiselela ngokucophelela ukubukeka Heroine. Okokuqala, uBoris Pavlovich ezwa Izibuyekezo kuphela ngakho. Zonke zibonisa ukholo njengoba wobuntu ongaphezu kovamile: yena uhlala yedwa e engasasetshenziswa, akesabi ukuya phansi "esibi" udonga. Ngisho nokubukeka kwakhe uyazifihla imfumbe. It akanawo imigqa zakudala futhi okukhulu we "izibani abandayo" UZandile, izingane ezilahlekile Marfenki umoya freshness, kodwa kukhona ezinye imfihlakalo, "nevyskazyvayuschayasya ngokushesha athandeke nakakhulu." Edene ezama ukungena amalungelo eyisihlobo umphefumulo Kokholo wahlangana ukumelana. "Ubuhle Ubuye sinelungelo lokuhlonishwa nokunikezwa inkululeko", - esho.

Ugogo neRussia

Engxenyeni yesithathu umsebenzi umfanekiso ugogo ibheka konke ukunakwa umfundi Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich. "Precipice" Tatiana udonsa Markovna njengoba yabaphostoli nalokho okukholelwayo umgcini somphakathi omdala izisekelo. She - isixhumanisi esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthunyelwa ngemibono kule noveli. Umlobi ugogo kubonakala imperious, eqinile, ingxenye olandelanayo yeRussia. amaphutha ayo ayisibonelo abantu besizukulwane sakhe. Uma senqaba kubo, umfundi uvezwa "onothando futhi emnene" owesifazane ngokujabula nangokuhlakanipha ukuphatha "umbuso omncane" - the robin emzaneni. Kulapha Goncharov ubona samuntu oyipharadesi. I izindlu muntu ngihlezi, futhi wonke umuntu uthola ukuthi kudingeka. Nokho, ukukhokhela akhawunti azo wonke amaphutha. uthola isiphetho esinjena, isibonelo, elinde Savely, ngubani Tatiana Markovna kuxazululwa ukushada Marina. Lokubuyisela qhebeza phezulu izikhathi Nokholo.

ezihlekisayo kakhulu iyona isiqephu lapho ugogo ukuxwayisa abafundi babo kusukela nokungalaleli abazali, uthola inoveli ngasuthi futhi lihlela esimnandi nesiqinisayo ababa naso sokufunda hlangano wonke amakhaya. Ngemva kwalokho, ngisho Marfenka sizithobe libonisa willfulness futhi wachaza nge fan ongumakad 'ebona Vikentiev. Tatiana Markovna isaziso kamuva ukuthi okuthile ngalo waxwayisa intsha yayo, bona ngawo lowo mzuzwana engadini nakwenza. Ugogo ezilahlayo, futhi iyalihleka izindlela zakhe siqu Clumsy ezemfundo, "Akubona bonke ukusetshenziswa kubo, lezi amasiko amadala!"

Ukholo abalandeli

Kuyo yonke le noveli, uBoris Pavlovich ngokuphindaphindiwe zihlangana futhi ukuqaqa ipotimende lakho. Futhi zonke ilukuluku isikhathi futhi wazazisa imvimba. Ufuna axazulule impicabadala of the Faith. Ngubani ukukhetha kwakhe? Obekungabe ngenzé Admirer wakhe ongumakad 'ebona, Tushin Ivan Ivanovich. Uyindoda yimpumelelo ugodo yomthengisi, ibhizinisi, yokwenza samuntu by Goncharov "entsha" Russia. Ngo impahla yakhe wakha Isle kuyo nezikole izingane abavamile, esungulwe isikhathi esifushane, nokunye. Phakathi abalimi Ivan yena umsebenzi kuqala. Ukubaluleka kwalesi sibalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuqonda ePharadesi.

Nokho, njengoba umfundi efunda kulokho okusuke okwesithathu inoveli, Okholweni umphostoli abakhethiwe iba zokuziphatha nihilistic Mark Volohov. Edolobheni ngaye bathi izinto ezimbi: engena endlini ngefasitela kuphela, ungalokothi okhokhela izikweletu bese uya yokuzingela induna izinja amaphoyisa. Izici ezingcono zobuntu bakhe - ukuzimela, ukuqhosha okunamathiselwe kubangani. ukubukwa Nihilistic kubonakale Goncharov kungavumelani namaqiniso okuphila Russian. Umbhali odlulela e Volokhova yinhlekisa amasiko asendulo, ukuziphatha ngendlela evusa inkanuko futhi eshumayela zobulili khulula.

Konstantinov, kunalokho, kakhulu ukhangwa umuntu lo. Esikhathini mpendulwano abalingiswa kuyofikwa kunokuthile abafana ngakho. Idealist futhi izinto ngokulinganayo kude ngokoqobo, ePharadesi kuphela uthi ngokwayo ngaphezu kwaso, futhi Volohov uzama ukuya phansi ngangokunokwenzeka "ephansi". Iyazidela nothando lwakhe ezingaba nesithakazelo zemvelo, khona isilwane. Ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-Mark inokuthile bestial. Goncharov "I Precipice" ebonisa ukuthi Volohov kumkhumbuza we grey wolf.

Ukuwa Kokholo

Lokhu okwamanje njengamanje kuwumphumela ingxenye yesine, kanti lekhungetfwe. Lapha, igama elithi "evulekile" ifanekisela isono, phansi, esihogweni. Ukholo Okokuqala ucela ukuthi iPharadesi akuvumele ngabe wakhe ku udonga, uma ezwa shot kusuka lapho. Kodwa ke iqala ukushaya ezandleni zakhe, futhi wathembisa ukuthi lesi interview ne Mark kuyoba zinyanga ngoba wakhe, seqa futhi uyabaleka. Wayengafani amanga. Isinqumo ukushiya - nakanjani ilungile futhi kuyiqiniso, labo uthando esingenalo ikusasa, kodwa ukuziyeka, Ukholo iyaphenduka uhlala Volokhov. Potters kuvezwa lokho wayengakamazi noveli esiqinile kwekhulu le-19 - ekwindla ka Heroine yakhe ethandekayo.

ukukhanyiselwa namaqhawe

Ngo okwesihlanu, umlobi ikhombisa emqansweni Okholweni Lwenu Olungcwelengcwele 'break "entsha, amanani nihilistic. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kuyasiza Tatiana Markovna. Yena uyaqonda ukuthi isono umzukulu ongahlenga kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukuphenduka. Futhi iqala "nokuzula ugogo nge umthwalo enkingeni." Akukhona nje ukholo yena ikhathazekile. Nanguya wesaba ukuthi injabulo nokuthula umzukulu Robins ukushiya ukuphila nenhlalakahle. Bonke abahlanganyeli kule noveli, ofakazi izenzakalo emlilweni sekuhlambulukeni ukuhlupheka. Tatiana Markovna liqashelwe nomzukulu wakhe ukuthi intsha isono futhi engaphenduki kuNkulunkulu. Ukholelwa ukuthi manje Ukholo kumelwe abe "ugogo", uphathe robins futhi bazinikele abantu. Tuszyn, benza imihlatshelo yabo ukuzethemba, ukuhlangana Volokhov amtshele ukuthi ayisekho wayefuna ukumbona. UMarku uqala ukuqaphela amaphutha ukujula. Wabuyela inkonzo yezempi ukuze ke kufanele idluliselwe eCaucasus. IPharadesi ukuzinikela ukuba ebaziwe. Unomuzwa ngamandla umculi omkhulu futhi ecabanga ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo. Ukholo iqala sokusukuma futhi baqonde ukubaluleka imizwa olutholwa Tuszyn wakhe kweqiniso. Ngamunye kule noveli kowamanqamu lelandzisako athole ithuba lokuziphendulela bathonye ikusasa labo kanye ukuqala impilo entsha.

Isithombe kweqiniso yemibono namasiko ahlukile Russian maphakathi no-19 leminyaka, ababethi le noveli "The Precipice" Goncharov. Uphenyo abahlaziyi bemibhalo zisikisela ukuthi umlobi idale ngobuciko Russian temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba namaqiniso kweqiniso. Ukucabanga phezu kufushane futhi angunaphakade sisasebenza nanamuhla. Wonke umuntu kumele afunde le noveli yokuqala. Jabulela ukufunda!