Imigomo inkomba - Iyini? Umqondo nokuqukethwe. Dala TK

Ukudalwa ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe ingenye izigaba zokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu amaphrojekthi. imigomo Sula futhi kahle yahlelwa yenkomba (Tor) uvumela ukucacisa ubuhlobo ikhasimende futhi umculi, ukwakha izidingo izici iphrojekthi esizayo, kanye abe isisekelo sokuthethelelwa sokuqinisekisa umsebenzi owawenziwa.

Yiziphi okusetshenzelwa

Inchazelo jikelele we eside kanje: Imigomo Izikhombo - idokhumenti ekhethekile, akhiwa ikhasimende futhi kuvunywe oPhethe, lobeka izidingo, imingcele kanye izici eziyisisekelo tekusebenta yephrojekthi, luhlobo noma uhlelo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingxenye yale dokhumenti ingase ihlanganise uhlu lwezimfanelo ngokuhlola (kusebenza ukuthuthukiswa software).

It is lisetshenziswe umsebenzi lwabakhi bawo, nabakhandi, enifeza umsebenzi wokulungisa, program, abaklami nezinye izifundiswa eziningi.

Imigomo Izikhombo - idokhumende, okuyinto isakhiwa uchwepheshe, kahle ababeyizazi imininingwane uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. On kanjani ikhasimende okulindelwe zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe, incike impumelelo umcimbi. Ngamanye amazwi, lo okusetshenzelwa - umhlahlandlela kubasebenzi, esenza sikwazi ukuqhathanisa umphumela wokugcina ne okuhleliwe.

Izici yalesi okusetshenzelwa

Ngokuvamile, inqubo ezilandelwayo imiyalelo ivumela ikhasimende ukuze ubone ukuthi angathanda ukubona iphrojekthi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isidingo usubeka imigomo eqondile ikhuthaza ukuba zicinge kanye nemikhawulo yetinhlelo lolu hlobo lomsebenzi. amakhasimende amaningi, beqaphela nokusweleka kwemininingwane, ukuntula ulwazi imigomo eziqeqeshiwe futhi ukuntula ulwazi olukhethekile, uncamela ukuqasha uchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe.

Kuyindida kodwa le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba sifinyelele ukusebenzisana esiphezulu, ngoba wonke umuntu owenza okuhle ngaso: ikhasimende uyazi lokho afuna ukuthola ngenxa yalokho, le okusetshenzelwa umbhali ihumusha le mininingwane ku idatha obhekele eziqondakalayo, okuyinhloko unekhono ukuze ngiyosebenza kwenye i imfundo ecacile .

Injongo ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

Lokhu imibhalo, lobuchwepheshe umsebenzi, umsebenzi obalulekile: kuyasiza ukuxazulula noma yiziphi izingxabano. Njengoba kubekiwe ngokubhala, nephrojekthi noma mancane kangakanani izidingo asebenze abe reference iphuzu ngoba zombili. Usonkontileka bayoba nelungelo hhayi ukwenza umsebenzi, okuyinto hhayi ezisohlwini Ukucaciswa. Ukuze uthole olunye senzo sidinga esinye isitatimende.

Nokho, ikhasimende uvikelekile ukuqaliswa lingaphelele noma kabi umsebenzi, ngoba ungabheka izici zayo kanye nemingcele for ngamunye nto TK.

Njengomthetho, umkhiqizo osuphelile ubhekene test, ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa. Uma izici zalo zihlukile kulezo kuhlelwe, kungashiwo ibuyise kubukezwe noma umculi kungenzeka inqatshelwe yokukhokha (it is ezibekwe ezakha okusetshenzelwa yomsebenzi).

Izithako TK: Izidingo obusebenzayo

Zonke izimfuneko ezishiwo Ukucaciswa kungenziwa oluthathwa by izinhlobo kanye izakhiwo.

izidingo Sample zezinhlobo ezahlukene iba izivakashi kakhulu. Bona ikambiso okukhiwa up okusetshenzelwa ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo ezinkulu nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngenkani. Ngokuvamile uhlu nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• Ngu ingxenye sokusebenza.
• Ukuze izilungiselelo zokuphepha (izinhlelo othomathikhi nesofthiwe).
• Ngokufanelekela ezingeni wezazi.
• Ukuze ukubukeka.
• Ukuze izinto zokwakha.

Uhlu izidingo eqoqelwe ngohlobo, kunalokho eside, ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo kungenxa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zomklamo.

Ngokuvamile, izidingo eziphathelene nokusebenza kuyizinto eziyinhloko emhlabeni okuyinto lakhiwa inesikhathi lobuchwepheshe. izimo System nezinye imfundo lobuchwepheshe kuba uhlobo "sifihle" ukugqoka lezi zidingo. Lapho behluleka ku ekwakhiweni imisebenzi esemqoka, ngisho best "sifihle" ngeke umsindise isimo, futhi lo msebenzi ngeke kuphumelele.

izidingo Ukusebenza

Ngokungafani izinhlobo eziningi izimangalo, Izakhiwo izici zabo ingasaphathwa:

• Ukungaqondakali.
• Concreteness.
• Testability.

Impahla yokugcina ayikwazi uhlukane ezimbili zokuqala, njengoba izidingo ezicacile neziqondile ezingase zithathwe futhi ihlolwe. Nokho, uma ayikho indlela ukuqinisekisa umphumela, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi izimangalo esingenayo ngomunye wabokuqala izakhiwo ezimbili.

Imigomo inkomba - akusiyo iphrojekthi lobuchwepheshe

Kunemibono eminingi ngalokho izinga le mininingwane ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuthuthukiswa iphrojekthi lobuchwepheshe.

Ngezinye izikhathi senziwa esebenzisa imigomo ethize futhi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amaningi kuyaqondakala kuphela art. Ububi le ndlela iba yini ikhasimende abathi lokhu TK, wayengakuqondi ngokugcwele lokho uzothola njengendlela umkhiqizo osuphelile. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhlola, kuhlolwa futhi reception umsebenzi zingase zephuze, kanye phrojekthi ngokuphindaphindiwe ibuyise kubukezwe futhi ngcono.

Abasekeli enye indlela siphikelele ngokuthi akuyona ingozi imigomo okusalungiswa reference kufanele kube njengoba elula neqondile. Le dokhumenti ingase ihlanganise umkhakha amagama, aqondwa ikhasimende, kodwa isiqondiso izici lobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa yephrojekthi akufanele bavunyelwe. Emkhakheni wezingalo ukuthuthukiswa software lithathelwe okufunwa yikhasimende e izinto nezidingo sebhithi ebandakanyeke umhlaziyi ibhizinisi, kodwa hhayi Unicode (Yiqiniso, uma engasakwazi ukufeza izibopho nokuthi, nomunye).

iphrojekthi Technical imibhalo ibizwa ngokuthi, okuyinto kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe inqubo ukuqaliswa izigaba TK. Lapha ngokuya, izifinyezo kanye imiqondo professional kubalulekile. Babengabonani ikhasimende (lamagama wayengathi lutho), umbhalo ufundeka kanje Iseluleki okuzokwenziwa wahlanganyela kule phrojekthi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kudinga ulwazi olunembile futhi ethize: usayizi, imingcele, ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza. iphrojekthi Technical wezakhiwo kohlelo.

Sakhiwo ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

Ukwenza lula ekulungiseni nasekuthuleni ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, ke ukuthuthukisa isimiso esithile. Ngokuvamile, ekuqaleni, esanduleleni, ebekwe ngenhloso nenjongo iphrojekthi. Ukulandela kukhona izigaba izimfuneko nokuchazwa kwayo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kubukeka kanjani Tor uhlelo ezenzakalelayo, singacabangela isakhiwo ezinconywe GOST 34.602-89:

• Ukucacisa ulwazi olujwayelekile.
• Chaza inhloso inhloso it is ihlelelwe ukuzuza ukudalwa noma ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo.
• Izici lezinto okumele ezenzakalelayo.
• Isitatimende izimfuneko ohlelweni.
• Ukwakheka kanye nokuqukethwe izinyathelo nemisebenzi asetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlelo.
• Incazelo kanjani ukuqapha okufanele kwenzeke futhi inqubo yokudala ukwamukelwa kokugcina kohlelo.
• Uhlu izimfuneko imisebenzi ukuze kwenziwe nge into ezishintshayo ukuze ekuwulungiseleleni.
• Inqubo yokulondoloza imibhalo.
• Phawula ukuthuthukiswa imithombo.

Amagama yenkomba (isampula equkethe incazelo eningiliziwe zonke izinto) ihlanganisa izici iningi iphrojekthi, kodwa kungenzeka kulekelelwa hlandla amaphuzu uma kunesidingo.

Kungani ukwenza Tor ikamelo ukulungisa

Inqubo ukulungisa wezangaphakathi - akusiwona lula njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Lokhu ngeke nje ushintshe sangemuva nopende ibhethri, kuba ukulungisa ukuhlukumeza ka-geometry, nokuqedwa amaphutha lathumela, izinguquko kusakhiwo, imishini kanye ukuthuthukisa amakamelo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imigomo reference for the ukulungisa yokuba omunye izinyathelo ezibalulekile kakhulu, njengoba evumela:

• Ongacabanga kusengaphambili okuqukethwe umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo.
• Dweba i enemininingwane izindleko ukulinganisela, kanye ukuhlonza amathuba imali.
• Ukuze sifinyelele ukucaciseleka esiphezulu maqondana umphumela oyifunayo sokuthi bonke abaxhasi (amakhasimende, osonkontileka, abadlali).

Njengoba kulesibonelo nemigomo reference for uhlelo ezishintshayo, umxhumanisi phakathi kwekhasimende kanye master abaculi imigomo inkomba. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ukuhumusha imisebenzi kuhlelwe ngesisekelo iphrojekthi lobuchwepheshe, wahlakulela amaphuzu kusetshenziswe leli thuluzi.

Yikuphi izinto ukufaka imigomo reference for egumbini ukulungisa

Ukuze ukulungisa isikhala ngamunye Ukucaciswa esiyingqayizivele. Isampula izakhiwo ezivamile kwale dokhumenti aboniswe ngezansi.

1. Igama injongo egumbini. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba imininingwane egumbini kudinga ukunamathela emithethweni ethile e yomhlobiso wawo (egumbini lokuphumula, lokulala, cwaningo).

2. Izimpawu phansi: inani umsebenzi okumele wenziwe kule ndawo. Lapha ungacacisa ngokuningiliziwe lokho kufanele bayazi kahle:

• Ukuqaqa enamathela unserviceable, plinths kanye phansi anolaka (uhlobo quadrature).
• Sebenzisa yokululama, uhlukanisa coupler futhi zihlale zifudumele (endaweni futhi ukuphakama impahla).
• Uma kudingekile, faka i-system "phansi efudumele" (uhlobo ukuphakama isakhiwo).
• Sebenzisa screed phezu Ukushisa izintambo (mayelana 30-50 mm).
• Ukulungisa ebusweni for amathayili laying, laminate, ukhaphethi noma ezinye izinto (ilungiselelo uhlamvu izakhi).
• Fakela plinth (akhombise inani amamitha yomugqa, kanye wonke amagumbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle).

3. Umsebenzi nge ophahleni:

• Sula of ngomcako noma iphepha lodonga mahhala (indawo square metres).
• Qondanisa yamathebhu (isikwele).
• Sebenzisa usimende (quadrature kanye ukushuba isilinganiso).
• Uma ufuna ukufaka plasterboard, udinga ukucacisa uhlobo yayo, le quadrature futhi ukuphakama. It liyadingeka ukuze enze umdwebo onobuhle lokuhweba.
• Putty nopende ophahleni (endaweni umbala).

4. Yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze izindonga:

• Sula ungqimba yangaphambilini ye lodonga noma ezinye enamathela (indawo).
• Dudula olukhonkiwe.
• Khonka izindonga (noma ngaphandle yokugcizelela ke). Lapha kumele icacise hhayi kuphela squaring jikelele izindonga, kodwa futhi ukushuba we ungqimba. Ubude emithambekeni esetshenziswa abaholayo egijima amamitha.
• Gcwalisa odongeni.
• Cacisa bangaki egumbini ngaphandle emakhoneni ukuze bakwazi ukubala ubude besikhathi ekhoneni perforated.

ifasitela 5. Izintandokazi:

• Cacisa idatha mayelana nomkhiqizi.
• Nikeza ulwazi mayelana uhlobo sephrofayela, nokufakwa, amafasitela, ifasitela-sill. Chaza ukuthi Podstavochny iphrofayela omiyane net futhi ikwazi ukufaka umdwebo kanye Ubukhulu. Ukuze usebenze kangcono umsebenzi ongcono ukwakha kumigomo reference for the-oda.

6. Izimpawu umnyango:

• Chaza nomkhiqizi ongakhetha umnyango, izinto zokwakha (kuhlanganise izesekeli), ibhokisi uhlobo, casings futhi izinkintsho.
• Eceleni linqume isidingo ushintshe usayizi umnyango ukuvulwa (okwandisa, nokuncipha, ezihambayo) ubukhulu nohlu imisebenzi.

7. Umsebenzi kunethiwekhi kagesi:

• Uhlu imisebenzi (ukufakwa, esikhundleni, ukudluliswa Izitolo futhi ukushintsha).
• Isidingo ebeka ucingo noma i-inthanethi ikhebula.
• Namathisela schema.

8. Amalungiselelo ukufakwa Ukushisa izinhlelo kanye air-conditioning:

• Ukufakwa, ukufuduka, esikhundleni, noma umane ukupenda kurediyetha.
• Ukususwa izinsimbi ezivamile futhi ukufaka "phansi efudumele" uhlelo.
• Phawula indawo air conditioner isikimu ndawo umzila. Ukuze ucacise kanjani oyokwenziwa kusukela ohlelweni lokuthengwa kwempahla.

Ingabe ngidinga ahlolisise emagcekeni ngaphambi ukulungiswa ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe iyokhandwa

Bonke ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi igumbi luhlolo kuyisinyathelo saziso ekulungiseleleni okusetshenzelwa iyokhandwa yayo. Kulesi inqubo kumele kwenziwe hhayi kuphela ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi inqubo kwakhiwe luhlaka.

Injongo eyinhloko yale senzo ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nesimo se-izakhiwo kanye nencazelo olunembe kakhudlwana ukulungiswa oluzayo.

On Igumbi luhlolo banake nemingcele esemqoka futhi enze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Hlola i-geometry lesifanele.
• Funda ophahleni nendawo (uma kukhona nemithambeka, senhliziyo). Lokhu kusiza ukucacisa uhlobo sekugcineni futhi kunikeza umbono walokho ukuphakama esizayo egumbini.
• Hlola verticality izindonga kanye engele kwesokudla. Uma udinga qondanisa kubo, amakhosi kudingeka wazi ukuthi iyini izinto ukusebenzisa futhi kungakanani badinga ukuthenga.
• Hlola phansi ngokuqondile. Ngokuvamile izibuya kufanele zishintshwe ngokuphelele (ikakhulukazi uma inikezwe ukufakwa Ukushisa uhlelo ngaphansi), ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunquma kusengaphambili bomsebenzi.

Ukuze ugweme ukungaqiniseki ukuthi uhlinzeka ngazo zonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kungenzeka, lapho behlola ubulili adiliza ezindaweni eziningana, futhi bafika eziphethweni ayekubona.

Idatha okuholela inhlolovo iqhathaniswa iphrojekthi, uhlobo kokuphothula zokwakha kanye nokulungiselela kudingeka ukufakwa yabo.

Lolu lwazi kusivumela ukulinganisa izinga izindleko zabantu nezezimali. Imigomo inkomba kuzomele sifake drawing umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo.

Sample ebekwe imigomo inkomba umsebenzi ukulungisa igumbi akuyona ejwayelekile. Kuye yobuningi bomsebenzi, kungaba lihluke ngokuphelele, singaba sifisha noma zihlanganisa idatha olunemininingwane ethe xaxa.