Imigomo Environmental nezinjongo kwemvelo. Emigomweni zokuqapha kwemvelo

Ukhiye imigomo kwemvelo kanye nezinhloso zemvelo ukudala uhlelo ulwazi elikuvumela ukuthola ulwazi lweqiniso mayelana nesimo se-imvelo, izinguquko izingxenye biotic nezingokwenyama bedle izici yabantu futhi zemvelo.

Izinkinga ukuba Iyaxazululwa ekuqapheleni kwemvelo

Thola izindawo eziyinhloko ezihlobene nalezi zifundo. Emigomweni lokuqapha kwemvelo :

• ukuthola idatha eyinhloko, ukucutshungulwa kwayo, systematization, ukuhlaziywa, ukudalwa yolwazi;
• ukuqhutshwa kanye nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi ngesimo emabalave, emagrafu, amatafula;
• sesimanje kanye ngcono izindlela ukulungiswa ulwazi ngqangi;
• kulinganiselwa isimo sangempela imvelo, kanye ukuhlaziya esiseduze esizayo;
• ukuhlonza izimbangela futhi kungenzeka imiphumela of the state waphawula;
• nekusebenta imininingwane edingekayo ukuze abathintekayo.

Emigomweni zokuqapha kwemvelo kuphawulwe ngenhla, laba kanjani nesandla ukwamukelwa of izinqumo nokusebenza kuze sphere bemvelo. Isibikezelo idinga ukuthuthukisa izixazululo lwenzelwe isikhathi eside.

Isisekelo ukuqapha kwemvelo

Leyo misebenzi okusekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• ehlelekile;
• eyinkimbinkimbi;
• commonality.

Lezi nemingcele neqhaza ekwakhiweni kwemisila kwemvelo uhlelo lokuqapha ehloselwe isicelo ezithile yezingxenye:

• Ukukhetha lezinto futhi aqinisekiswe ukuqapha izici;
• ekudalweni observation amaphuzu ezikhethekile;
• systematization idatha, ukuhlaziya kanye ukuhlola isimo emvelweni;
• Ukubuyekeza kolwazi kanye izixazululo ukuthola izindlela ukuqeda izinkinga isimo kwemvelo.

Isakhiwo ukuqapha kwemvelo

Kusekelwe amabhlogo main ezine:

• egciniwe;
• iyunithi kohlaziyo;
• Imininingwane block;
• indawo elawula uhlelo.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo uhlelo lokuqapha kubhekwa isimo uhlelo nokulawula uhlelo lokusebenza, ngoba ulwazi mayelana imvelo yangempela kanye izitayela zibhekwa isisekelo ukudalwa inqubomgomo ekhethekile kwemvelo, futhi uhlela ukuthuthuka komnotho kanye nomphakathi ezindaweni ezithile.

Emigomweni inqubomgomo kwemvelo - kwemvelo semvelo esiyingqayizivele, ekuthuthukiseni isiko inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini indoda kanye nemvelo.

Ukusetshenziswa ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela zokuqapha

Izinjongo Environmental kanye nemisebenzi kwemvelo wenziwa ngokuhamba zokuqapha, ukuvumela esiphezulu ejensi ukuthola ulwazi ukusetshenziswa:

• ekuhleleni imisebenti okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
• Ukukhetha imisebenzi kuqala;
• ukuqapha kanye nokuhlola rationality ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo kwemvelo Ukuvikelwa;
• ukuthuthukiswa izinyathelo zesikhashana ukunciphisa ukusilaphazeka kulezo zindawo lapho bekubona overshoots lokuhlushwa sivumelekile;
• kokuhlola ukuhambisana namazinga kanye nemithetho izinga into yemvelo;
• ethola ulwazi inhlangano ucwaningo lwesayensi;
• ukuphatha iziqondiso ezifanele zomthetho.

Isici kwezomnotho osemqoka kakhulu ekuthuthukeni uhlelo lokuqapha. Lezi zifundo esikalini amadivayisi ofanayo nezindlela, okuyinto akhethiwe ukuqapha kanye imisebenzi isethi ukuba abasebenzi. Ngenxa imiphumela eyatholakala, singakwazi ulungise inchubomgomo yembuso emkhakheni we nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

emkhakheni mgomo yokunakekelwa kwemvelo zokuvikeleka

Kwaphela isikhathi eside izinjongo kwemvelo kanye nezinhloso kwemvelo zisekelwe ezizathwini ezilandelayo:

• isenzo izingozi enziwe abantu ukuba umzimba womuntu ngenxa yokudlula avunyelwe umkhawulo lokuhlala izinto radioactive kanye anobuthi imvelo (i-MAC);

• Abantu nozwelo kungenzeka nomphumela ongemuhle zezici phezu ingxenye uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, ngakho-ke kufanele ivikelwe isimo.

Ngale ndlela ucwaningo kwemvelo kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa zokulawula, ngoba somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi kwanele control lobuchwepheshe phezu imisebenzi kwezinsizakalo zempilo ejensi Iinhlangano ukwelashwa izinhlelo amabhizinisi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ubuze besimo indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo, e ukusebenzisa kwayo izinhloso kwemvelo kanye nezinhloso kwemvelo akukwazi ixazululwe. Kukhona kumakhemikhali ayingozi ukuthi ngisho nengcosana kungabangela nomthelela ongemuhle mayelana nomzimba womuntu, ukuphazamisa umzimba. amazinga Ukuhlanzeka MPC zivame ihaba e Eqinisweni, bangabakhohlisi abafuna yingozi eziningi eziphilayo, izihlahla, AmaConifers, ulele.

ukuqapha okudidiyelwe

Imiphi imigomo esemqoka kanye nezinhloso ze-Environmental Impact Assessment? Kukhona izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezihilela enifeza ukuqapha eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ukuhlolwa okubanzi izinkinga ezahlukene ezihlobene ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Lokho kuhlanganisa nokuqapha esibanzi?

1. Ukuhlola amathonya lomhlaba ku-surface yomhlaba, isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa inkinga ehlobene nokubukisa ukukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide futhi halocarbon compounds.
2. izinkinga Regional imvelo, okuyinto kungaba nomthelela amaqembu elingumakhelwane amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo ngenxa yezokuthutha cross-border nolaka amakhemikhali emoyeni futhi nemifula angcolile ulwandle ngamahlumela ezinga eliphansi omunye imvula.
3. nezindaba zendawo eziphathelene endaweni sasivumela encane. Kulokhu, lo ezinkulu izinkinga zemvelo emvelweni injongo ehilela ekutholeni izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza, lo ukuthola ambalwa of okuqukethwe enhlabathini ukuhlaziywa heavy metal of isimo ungqimba inhlabathi.

Izinga kwemvelo uhlelo lokuqapha

Monitoring Kwenziwa kokubili endaweni encane, futhi embulungeni yonke (emhlabeni wonke). Ngokusekelwe idatha etholwe ihlaziye uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli jikelele.

ukuqapha kaZwelonke

Libhekisela uhlelo ucwaningo endaweni kwelinye izwe. Izinhloso nezinjongo umthelela lokongiwa kwemvelo yalolu hlobo - ukunikeza ulwazi kanye ukuhlola isimo ohlelweni lokusebenza izithakazelo ukulondeka kwezwe. Nge nekwenyusa emazinga ukungcola kwamanye amadolobha noma izindawo zezimboni zithathwa izinyathelo wendawo ukubhekana nezinkinga siyachazwa.

imfundo Environmental izikhungo zemfundo

Ngenxa ukuphuthuma nezinkinga ezihlobene ukungcoliswa izindawo zemvelo amakhemikhali, ohlelweni lwemfundo yesimanje futhi unaka ngokukhethekile ekwakhekeni esizukulwaneni esisha of emvelweni isiko izisekelo. Izingane beqondiswa umeluleki wakhe, ukwenza izifundo zabo zokuqapha ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile eziphathelene Ukuwohloka izinga amanzi okuphuza. Ihlose kanye nezinhloso ze-project kwemvelo kuncike okuyinto inkinga ufuna ukufunda, ukubona, ahlaziye umfundi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuhlola izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kwalesi sigodi, ukuthola ubudisi bagadesi, ukunikela amakhambi abo. Izinhloso nezinjongo lemfundo emvelweni kulawulwa amazinga kahulumeni wokufundisa isizukulwane sesibili, okuhloswe ngaso imfundo for esizukulwaneni esisha zonke nasendabeni yesimo sengqondo ukubekezela isithwathwa maqondana nemvelo. preschools Abaningi wakhethwa njengosuku Umnqopho we nemisebenzi yayo imvelo. Yiziphi ukhiye imigomo, emigomweni nasesimweni imfundo kwemvelo e zasenkulisa? Izingane bathulelwe imithetho yokuziphatha emahlathini, ukuhlola izitshalo ezingavamile, ukuhlukanisa phakathi izimbali ewusizo futhi enobuthi, amakhowe.

umthetho kwemvelo

Ngenxa yokuthi ibe nokwenyuka yamuva komoya amabhizinisi okungagunyaziwe enkulu yezimboni amakhemikhali ayingozi imibuzo efaneleko abe isivikelo somthetho kusuka imvelo oluyingozi ukuchayeka womuntu. Emigomweni umthetho kwemvelo kulawulwa umthetho waseRussia. Uhlinzeka athwale icala ukwephula imithetho yemvelo, inikezwe wonke izinyathelo ongazithatha ngokumelene mthetho. ukukhiqizwa chemical elikhulu ukunaka ngokukhethekile ngokudalwa eliphezulu ukwelashwa izindawo, okuyinto ukuvimbela Ukungena umoya namanzi of ezinobuthi. Yiziphi izinjongo kwemvelo kanye nezinhloso, ukuqapha imisebenzi izitshalo chemical? Ngesikhathi isampula elathathwa amanzi ezithile, inhlabathi, umoya, imiphumela ukuhlaziywa ambalwa kanye qualitative amasampuli afanayo kunqunywa ukubekezelelana ububanzi. Uma Kutholwe nokwephula, kwenziwe i-audit kwemvelo. Izinhloso kanye nemisebenzi zincike imininingwane inhlangano, kodwa ikakhulu ezihlobene nokuqinisekiswa ukuhambisana zonke izidingo zokuphepha. Uma imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi kukhona nezinkinga ezingathí sina, umbuzo icala lobugebengu eqinisweni ukwephulwa komthetho kwemvelo.

isiphetho

ukuqapha Environmental kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kubantu abaphila emhlabeni. Yingakho izwe ngalinye lizama ukuthola izinsiza ezibonakalayo lenhlangano zocwaningo okuhloswe ngaso ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene imvelo. Ukuze emigomweni uhambisane inqubomgomo ukuphathwa wezwe kwemvelo, kunomkhuba njengoba mgomo yokunakekelwa kwemvelo. Lokhu legatsha komthetho kusho iziqondiso ezithile, okuyinto ucacise zonke izidingo izinkampani ezinkulu kanye namabhizinisi, kanye nalabo izinyathelo wemfanelo okumelwe sithathwe ngokumelene nabo uma ukwephulwa kwemithetho. Ukuze isizukulwane esisha, isiko emvelweni, ibandulo elikhethekileko endleleni ngemvelo yethulwe kakade esiteji pre-school kanye imfundo esikoleni sesakhiwe. Ekilasini izingane zifunde ukuba banakekele imvelo, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithombo yemvelo. New amazinga kahulumeni kwezemfundo ngesikhathi isizukulwane sesibili kuhilela kumiswa isifiso abafundi 'ngoba inhlolovo ezimele of ukuphathwa nezinhlaka kwemvelo ucwaningo kwemvelo kanye nokuqapha.