Igazi le-biochemistry: ukujwayelekile nokuphambuka

I-biochemistry yegazi (okujwayelekile kuvalwe itafula elikhethekile) Ingabe indlela yokucwaninga kwelabhoratri ihlose ukuhlola umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi futhi inqume ukungabi nalutho kwezakhi zomkhondo emzimbeni womuntu. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kusetshenziswa emagatsheni ahlukahlukene wezokwelapha, kusukela ekwelapheni kuya ekuguleni kwegazi.

Kubalulekile lapha ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kwenza kube lula ukucacisa ukungasebenzi emisebenzini yezitho ngesikhathi lapho kungekho izimpawu zangaphandle okwamanje futhi isakhiwo sabo asizange sihlupheke, okungukuthi, lapho ukuphazanyiswa kungokwemvelo.

Lapho i- biochemistry yegazi iqhutshwa (imikhuba yenziwa yitafula), ama-5-10 milliliters wegazi elinomsoco athathwa esigulini (endaweni ehlanganisiwe ye-elbow), lapho izingxenye eziyinhloko zithathwa, ngokusho ukuthi isimo sezempilo sakhe sihlolwe kanjani.

Ukuhlaziywa okunikeziwe kuvumela ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwezinkomba ezilandelayo: amaprotheni, ama-enzyme, ama-carbohydrate, i-lipids, i-pigments, kanye namavithamini, izinto ezingavamile kanye nezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi le-nitrogenous.

Kuzokwelapha, kunezindinganiso ezithile zegazi i-biochemistry, elimelelwe kwinani lezinkomba okufanele zibe segazini lomuntu othile wesigaba sobulili nesigaba sonyaka. Okusho ukuthi, ngenxa yesigaba esithile seminyaka nobulili obuhlukile, kunezinkomba zokujwayelekile. Lezi zimiso zakhiwe izinkomba zabantu abaphilile, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukwehluka kwabo kubhekwa njengezimpawu zezinkinga ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi amasistimu nezinhlaka zayo.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngaleyo ndlela yokucwaninga njengegazi i-biochemistry (ukujwayelekile nokuphambuka kwamadoda nabesifazane), ikakhulukazi, zonke izinkomba zayo.

1. I-carbohydrate (i-fructose, i-glucose). Le nkhomba ixhomeke kokuqukethwe kweshukela egazini. Ngokujwayelekile kubhekwa: i-glucose - kusuka ku-3,5 kuya ku-5,5 mmol / l yabesifazane nabesilisa, i-fructosamine - kusuka ku-205 kuya ku-285 μmol / l.

I-biochemistry yegazi ingathola isifo esinjalo njengesifo sikashukela nezifo ezihlukahlukene zesistimu ye-endocrine. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwezinga lika-glucose kungabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, futhi kungase kwenzeke ne-thyrotoxicosis, i-acromegaly, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, i- Cushing's syndrome, i- pancreatitis noma i-pancreatic tumors.

Ukunciphisa izinga le-glucose kungabonisa ukuzila ukudla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu, imisebenzi ekhubazekile yezingqungquthela ze-endocrine, kanye nokushisa, i-galactosemia, njll.

2. Amagundane (i-bilirubin - evamile futhi eqondile). Umkhuba uvame ukucatshangelwa: i-bilirubin - kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-20 μmol / l, i-bilirubin eqondile-kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-3.5 μmol / l.

Lesi sibonakaliso sinikeza ithuba lokuthola imbangela ye-jaundice, kanye nokuhlola ubunzima besifo. Ukwanda kwe-bilirubin kungabonisa ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza, isifo sofuba, isibindi, i-cholecystitis.

3. Lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride). I-biochemistry yegazi (evamile): i-cholesterol - kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-6 mmol / l., I-Triglycerides - kuye ngokuthi iminyaka, ama-indices angahluka. Ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane abavela ku-0.34 kuya ku-2.9 mmol / l, nakwamadoda avela ku-0.40 kuya ku-2.71 mmol / l.

Izinguquko kulezi zikhombisi zingabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba, ukukhuluphala, ukuphefumula kwesifo sofuba, isifo sikashukela, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukukhubazeka kwesibindi.

4. Izinto ezingavamile, amavithamini. Umkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi i-potassium - kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / l, i-sodium - kusuka ku-36 kuya ku-145 mmol / l., Ne-calcium - kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-2.5 mmol / l. I-chlorine - kusuka ku-98 kuya ku-107 mmol / l., Kanye ne-phosphorus - kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2 mmol / l, ne-iron-kusuka ku-7.16 kuya ku-30.43 mmol / l. Futhi i-magnesium - kusuka ku-0.65 kuya ku-1.05 mmol / l.,

Ukungafani okuhlukahlukene kungase kukhombise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-osteoporosis, isifo sikashukela, i-cirrhosis, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuphuza ngokweqile, njalonjalo.

5. Izinto ezinamanzi (urea, kanye ne-uric acid ne-creatinine). I-biochemistry yegazi (evamile): i-urea - kusuka ku-2.5 kuya ku-6.4 mmol / l, i-uric acid - kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-350 μmol / l, i-creatinine - 53-97 μmol / l (besifazane), 62-115 μmol / L (owesilisa).

Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kungacatshangwa njengezinkomba zokukhubazeka okungasebenzi kahle, umzila we-urinary, i-toxicosis yabesifazane abakhulelwe nabanye.