I-SRO: yiziphi izinhlangano ezizilawulayo?

I-SRO (inhlangano yokuzilawula) iyinhlangano yokuzithandela engeyona inzuzo yamabhizinisi angokomthetho ngenhloso yokulawula udaba lwezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhakha othile noma umsebenzi. Kungabhekana nezinkinga, umyalelo ongagunyazwe ngumthetho, futhi wengeze nomthethonqubo kahulumeni. Ikhono le-SRO lokusebenzisa imisebenzi elawulayo ngokuvamile livela emandleni anikezwe nguhulumeni.

Umgomo oyinhloko amaSROs adalwe ukunciphisa ukubamba iqhaza kombuso emisebenzini yobuchwepheshe yezinhlangano futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukudala igunya elilawula ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wabo. Isibopho sabakhiqizi kubathengi yiyona ndlela esemqoka yokwenza umsebenzi we-SRO. Yiziphi izindinganiso zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kungani kufanele zihlonishwe, ungaqondi bonke abahlanganyeli bemakethe. Ngakho-ke, izinhlangano ezizilawulayo zivame ukusungula imithetho yazo ngokwezifiso kanye nesitifiketi somkhiqizo okuhloswe ngaso ukwandisa ukuncintisana kwabo bonke abadlali embonini yabo.

Isizinda semlando

E-US, kune-SRO eminingi. Iyini inhlangano yokuzilawula ngendlela yaseMelika, nokuthi isebenza kanjani, ingachazwa ngesibonelo sokhonkolo. Umgwamanda omkhulu we-US federal body, i-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), unqume ukunikezela igunya lakhe lokushintsha amazinga embonini ye-NASDA ne-US exchange exchange . Ngemva kokuphoqelela izidingo ezihlobene nokushintsha umyalelo wokusebenzisana nezinsizakalo zokuthengiswa kwempahla kanye ne-brokerage services, i-NASD ne-NYSE - ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa - yaguqulwa yaba yi-SRO entsha. I-FINRA namuhla yenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokulawula emkhakheni wezezimali.

Izinhlangano ezizilawulayo eRussia

Umlando wezinhlangano zaseRussia uqala ngo-1995, lapho umthetho wokuqala ku-SRO wamukelwa. Yiziphi izinhlangano ezizilawulayo, yimiphi imisebenzi abazozixazulula, kulezi zimo zesikhashana azicacile. Ukwethulwa kwesitatimende sokuzilawula komthetho kwakudingeka kuhlehlise imisebenzi yezinkampani zokubambisana, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemali yempesheni, abaphathi bamakhomishana kanye nokulawula umsebenzi emakethe yemasheya.

Namuhla, kunezi-SRO ezingaphezu kwezingu-1 ezisebenza emikhakheni engama-26 eRussia. Izindwangu zokwakha nezamandla ziyizikhulu kwinombolo yabo. Kunezinhlangano ezingu-445 ezizilawulayo zabakhi nabaqambi ezweni. Ama-SRO emkhakheni wokuhlolwa kwamandla amelwa yizinhlangano ezingu-133.

Izinhlangano zokwakha ezizilawulayo

Ukuzibamba komthetho ekwakhiweni kuye kwabala kusukela ngo-2009, lapho ilayisense yombuso yokwakhiwa kwebhizinisi kwaqedwa. Ngokomthetho, kwakunqunywe ukwakha abakhi be-SRO endaweni:

• ukulungiselela ukulinganisa okuklama;

• ukuhlolwa kobunjiniyela;

• Ukwakhiwa.

Abakhi bawazisa izinto ezintsha futhi baqala ukubhalisa ngobulungu babo eSRO. Iyini inhlangano yabakhi abazosiza imboni ukuba ilulame masinyane kule nkinga, kwacaca ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngempela, kungakapheli iminyaka emibili umthamo wokwakha ubuyele esimweni sangaphambili sezinhlekelele, futhi ukudalulwa kwe-SRO endaweni yethenda ye-ESTP yabakhi kuye kwaxazulula inkinga yokusabalalisa ngesikhathi esifanele.