Umlando Inthanethi: kwakukhona futhi yini lokho unyaka yasungulwa

I-computer ngaphandle Internet namuhla - into ibonakala engenamsebenzi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyindlela elula kakhulu ukuxhumana, ukucinga ulwazi, futhi yenza imali. Kodwa awuzange njalo - ekuqaleni inethiwekhi yasungulwa kuhlukile injongo.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

Ngakho-ke, lokho Inthanethi yadalwa, lapho wabonakala, futhi ayengobani abasebenzisi bayo kuqala? "Inethiwekhi Abazali 'emhlabeni wonke kubhekwe Yiqiniso, uMnyango United States Wezokuvikela ubani ngo-1957 wavakashela umqondo isidingo ehlome (uma impi) uhlelo eliqinisekile lesikhathi exchange kolwazi okusebenza. Inhloso ukudala ngowokuqala inethiwekhi yekhompyutha wabekwa emahlombe ehola izikhungo eziningana ucwaningo US.

Ngenxa a utshalomali somusa esasivela eMnyango Wezokuvikela, kakade 1969, wafakwa iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi ARPANET, okuyinto united Imininingwane inethiwekhi abasunguli balo: California University, Stanford Research Center, University of Utah naseCalifornia. Ngokushesha uhlelo ngenxa ukusebenza yayo futhi jikelele waqala ukuthuthukisa kanye kwaduma ikakhulukazi phakathi ososayensi yesikhathi.

"I turning ebusuku" emlandweni inethiwekhi

Yini unyaka owasungula le-inthanethi, vele sesiyazi. Kodwa lokho ubhekwa usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa? Lokhu October 29, 1969. Lolu suku namuhla ibhekwa njengempophoma umsuka nomlando wayo. Masikhumbule izenzakalo zangalolo suku oluyingqopha-mlando, noma kunalokho ebusuku. Konke lokhu kwaqala ngesikhathi 21:00, lapho kuqala isimiso sokuqala egcwele phakathi California Stanford owawuse. Transmission of ulwazi nguMkhandlu-University of California Charli Klayn, futhi wamthatha wamusa Stanford Bill Duvall, eqinisekisa kokuthola uphawu ngalunye ngocingo. Kodwa njengoba besho, le Pancake sokuqala lumpy, ukuze emva kusungulwa uhlelo izinhlamvu ezintathu (LOG), ayiphumelelanga. izingqondo Bright yesayensi American ehoreni nengxenye ukwakha izixhumanisi kakade 22:30 umsebenzi uqalisiwe: Bill Duvall wavuma kokuthola okokufaka ngokugcwele imiyalo kunethiwekhi (Logon).

Ngakho uma funa adalwe-Inthanethi unyaka, nakuba bakudala kakhulu, ukuphendula ngokuzethemba: Okthoba 29, 1969.

Imeyili - push uquqaba

Nokho, ngemva kwalokho-ke waya like clockwork. Kakade, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngo-October 2, 1971, yasungulwa ethandwa kangaka namuhla, izindlela zokuxhumana - e-mail. Ikhodi Uhlelo imiyalezo yokuqala ezidalwe ARPANET,
Lalinama imigqa 200. Le imithombo - umsebenzi Ray Tomlinson, unjiniyela phambili BBN Technologies, esungula uhlamvu ukuthi usakhonza njengoba idilimitha phakathi igama lomsebenzisi kanye nekheli domain. Lolu phawu namuhla thina ngokuziqhenya shayela "inja".

Ukwethulwa kwe-e-mail uquqaba laliyisenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni yentuthuko Inthanethi. Wafika ngamuphi unyaka kwakukhona e-mail lokuqala, akunandaba. Into esemqoka ukuthi sibonga kuye, ngisho noma inethiwekhi abangaphelele isibe global, ukunamathisela ngokwayo izigidi zabasebenzisi nesithakazelo.

Aseqala emhlabeni

1973 kubhekwa ekuqaleni ukuthandwa ngamazwe ezingosini eziyingozi, njengoba ngo enqamula ngocingo ikhebula UK futhi Norway zazixhunywe US uhlelo ulwazi. Futhi emva kweminyaka 10 ARPANET wanikezwa igama elisha - Inthanethi. Wafika ngamuphi unyaka kwakukhona eside esiphila kuso manje ngeqholo shayela World Wide Web? Ngo-1983.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Internet isiyindlela hhayi kuphela yokukhalaza ukuthumela e-mail, kodwa futhi nesigcawu ukuthumela izindaba kanye izimemezelo. Ngo-1984 wasungula Domain Name System, owawungumnyaka ukunikeza irobhothi elula nge amakheli Inthanethi. Ngawo lowo nyaka idaliwe ngomunye ezinkulu Intercollegiate Network NSFNET, ezingafinyelela umncintiswano uyakufanelekela ukuba ARPANET.

Umsuka izindlela zokuxhumana zanamuhla

Online wengxoxo namuhla ngeke kwenzeke ukube athuthukile IRC olandelwayo, okuyinto zihunyushelwe olimini akusho ukuthi ezinye, njengoba "ingxoxo". Inthanethi ngaphandle kwakungeke kube Internet. Wafika ngamuphi unyaka kwakukhona inkonzo zokuxhumana ngesikhathi sangempela? Ngo-1988.

1989 imakwe obhekwe kweqiniso-World Wide Web. Lo mbono lafika Tim Barnes-Lee, ngubani ezihlongozwayo ukuxhumanisa ulwazi olutholakala ngesikhathi inethiwekhi endaweni eyodwa, obumbene, okubizwa ngokuthi-World Wide Web. Kwenze Kusolwa ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Kwathi ukukhanyisa protocol HTTP lakhiwe nge-HTML.

ARPANET lashabalala esanda kutholakala - ngo-1990, futhi bonke ngenxa NSFNET, okuyinto kwakuphakeme wakhe ngezindlela eziningi. Vele unyaka owodwa emva it wadedelwa kusiphequluli esisha NCSA KaMose, lapho -World Wide Web baba litholakale izindlela umphakathi yokuxhumana. Kakade kusukela ngomhla ka-1997 ku-intanethi aphume amakhompyutha abangaba yizigidi ezingu-10 futhi kunamathuba angaphezu kwesigidi izizinda abangu uhlelo kubhaliswe.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho ngonyaka wadala kwi-Inthanethi, owenza lokhu futhi kungani. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, lokhu impumelelo enkulu ubuchwepheshe isayensi, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi laliyingxenye ebalulekile ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.