I-Mecca, i-Mosque al-Haram Baitullah: indima yayo empilweni yazo zonke izilimi

Engxenyeni ye- Peninsula yase - Arabia embusweni wase-Arab umuzi. Lapha uMprofethi Muhammad wazalwa, futhi igama lale ndawo engcwele nguMecca. I-al-Haram Mosque iyi-shrine, lapho wonke umuntu ozinikele efuna ukuya khona, usezindaweni yayo. Kubantu abashumayela inkolo engeyona yamaSulumane, ukungena kwayo kuvaliwe. Kodwa yini eheha lesi sakhiwo sabo bonke abathembekile?

Umlando wokubukeka

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani umuzi waseMecca ubaluleke kakhulu kubakholwayo. I-al-Haram Mosque, ekhona kulo, ibhekwa njengowokuqala. Kungani? Lokhu kuzocaca, uma ufunda iKoran. Kusuka kulo sifunda ukuthi ngonyaka ka-38 wekhulu lesikhombisa, u-Adam wasungula umsikathi wokuqala owawuzungeza u-Hajar al-Aswad (okuhunyushwa ngokuthi itshe lokuthethelela). Ngaleso sikhathi leli tshe lalilokhu limhlophe, futhi lakhanya elangeni. INkosi ngokwayo yayiyithume njengesibonakaliso sokuthethelelwa nokwamukela ukuphenduka ku-Adamu no-Eva.

Amanzi okukhukhula aphule lesi sakhiwo, kodwa esikhundleni sesisekelo esiqothukile u-Abrahama (ubaba) no-Ismail (indodana) babuyisela futhi indlu yomkhuleko phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Isakhiwo sokwakha saboniswa ingelosi enkulu uGabriyeli ngokwakhe.

Ukuze abize wonke umuntu ukuba akhulekele iKaaba, u-Abrahama (e-Quran Ibrahim) wasukuma, ngenxa yesimangaliso sikaNkulunkulu, kwaze kwafika emafwini wathi okulandelayo: "Abantu! Kuyalwe nonke ukuba niye ethempelini lasendulo ukuyokhonza! "Futhi basabela ekubizweni kwakhe:" Ngaphambi kwakho, Nkosi, ngaphambi kwakho! ".

Namhlanje unyaka ngamunye izigidi zabantu abazinikeleyo zithatha umuzi waseMecca. I-mosque e-al-Haram ivula amasango ayo, futhi amakholwa ajikeleza amaKhayathi ngezikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngamazwi afanayo ayebizwa ekuqaleni ekubizeni kuka-Ibrahim.

Indima yeKaaba

Kusekhoneni elingasempumalanga yesakhiwo, okuyinto iCube engcwele (e-Arabhu ka-Araba), manje iyitshe lokuthethelela, elihlelwe ngesiliva. Kuphela manje sekuphendukile kumnyama futhi kwaphela ngenxa yezono zabantu. Isakhiwo ngokwawo siyi-cube emnyama ephakeme ngamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu, futhi izingalo zalo zibekwe ezinhlangothini zomhlaba futhi zibizwa ngokuthi:

• I-Yemeni (eningizimu);
• I-Iraq (enyakatho);
• I-Levantine (entshonalanga);
• Amatshe (empumalanga).

Kuyindlela eya eMecca ukuthi wonke amaSulumane ezwe aphendukele ngesikhathi sokuncenga kwansuku zonke ebusweni buka Allah.

I-mosque enkulu e-al-Haram eMecca. Kungani le mosque ingavunyelwe? Kusuka ku-Arabhu, isihloko sihunyushwe njengo-Zapovednaya (Okuvinjelwe). Ngakwesokunene neKaaba enye indawo engcwele - itshe likaMakam al-Ibrahim. Ngokomlando, bekuvela kule ndawo u-Ibrahim aqala umsebenzi wokwakha. Futhi ekude kwamamitha amaningana kukhona udonga oluyisimila, oluphuma kuwo amanzi - umthombo kaZamzam, okuyinto ingelosi eyinhloko uGabriel ngokwakhe evula ngokushaya kwabasebenzi.

Izihluthulelo ezisuka kuKaaba zigcinwa ngabameleli bomndeni wakwaBani Pike. Ngokomlando, banikezwa umndeni ngu Muhammad ngokwakhe futhi wayala ukuba agcine isakhiwo ngokuhlelekile.

I-Perestroika njalo

Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwasekuqaleni, akukho lutho olushiywe, ngezikhathi eziningana imikhosi yama-al-Haram (iMecca) yakhiwe kabusha. Isithombe, njengoba isakhiwo sasibukeka ngaphambili, sasilondolozwe ku-archives.

Kwakuyisakhiwo esinama-minarets ayisithupha, kwaze kwaba yilapho iBuque Mosque enezinombolo ezifanayo e-Istanbul. Ngomyalelo weNkosi Ahmed I eyesikhombisa yabekwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuhle besakhiwo.

Ukulungiswa kokuqala okuphawulekayo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-80 yekhulu lama-XX, ngakho-ke umsikiti ungabamba bonke labo abafisa ukwenza iHajj. Kwabe sekungeziwe isakhiwo esisha esinama-minarets amabili. Manje kunamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kubo - inombolo enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuphakama kwabo kufinyelela kumamitha angu 89. Ingeniso esemqoka engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga, inegama - Isango leNkosi Faht.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa okunjalo, amakholwa angu-800 000 angathandaza ngesikhathi esifanayo. Enye yokwakha kabusha enkulu eyenziwa ngo-2007-2012. Insimu yandezelwa enyakatho, isango leNkosi u-Abdullah laqedwa. Ukulungiswa okunjalo kubiza imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 zamaRandi aseMelika.

Ukubukeka kwamanje

Kuyini namuhla umkhokotshi we-al-Haram (iMecca)? Isithombe siveza kahle ubukhulu besakhiwo. I-mosque yokugcina indawo manje inendawo engaba ngu-400 000 m ² , amasango amane amakhulu kanye nezinyathelo ezine ezingeziwe ezine, amakholomu ama-marble angu-500 kanye nama-escalators angu-7 amaningi. Ama-air conditioners agcina ukushisa okunethezeka, futhi amakamelo amaningi avumela abahambi ngezinye izikhathi ukuba baqabule emgwaqweni nganoma isiphi isikhathi bese begeza.

Umuzi ongcwele wamaSulumane yiMecca. I-mosque yama-al-Haram namuhla ithatha abagibeli abangu-1.12 million ngesikhathi. Uma ucabangela izindawo ezizungezile, amakholwa angama-2.5 million angathandaza ndawonye.

Inhlekelele ngesikhathi seHajj

Ngo-2015, ngo-September 11, kwaba nenhlekelele eMecca emasikeni ase-al-Haram. Omunye wemikhonto yombhoshongo, okwakwenziwa umsebenzi wokwakha, wawela ngaphansi kwesiphepho somoya wangena egcekeni leMosque Engavunyelwe, eqaqa ophahleni. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinkulungwane zabathembekile zahlanganyela emkhosini weHajj. Ngenxa yokuwa, abantu abangu-107 bafa, futhi abangaphezu kuka-230 balimala.

Isizathu sengozi sibizwa ngokuthi isihlabathi esinesihlabathi, esasihlasela izinsuku eziningana e-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Lesi yisiphepho esinzima kakhulu eminyakeni engu-75 edlule.

Amakholwa acabangela lesi senzakalo esibuhlungu njengobufakazi bokusondela kokuphela kwezwe noSuku Lokwahlulela. Emva kwakho konke, uMuhama waprofetha: "Ngonyaka lapho igazi labathembekile liyochithwa phezu kweKaaba engcwele, i-Mahdi izovela." Ubizwa nangokuthi u-Imam ofihliwe noMesiya, okwesibili ukuzalwa kabusha komprofethi Isa (uJesu).