I Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. "Burj Khalifa": ukuphakama, incazelo

I Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ukuphakama 828 - lena phezulu abadumile, okuyinto ekuqaleni wabiza "Burj Dubai" (Dubai Tower). Kuqanjwe kabusha ke ngesikhathi emcimbini wokuvula ngo-2010 Sheyh Muhammed Bin Rashed Al Maktoum, anikela umbhoshongo umongameli wase-United Arab Republic, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi libizwa ngokuthi "Burj Khalifa".

Indlela ezivela design ukwakhiwa

Ekuqaleni, umbhoshongo lwenzelwe njengendlela "idolobha ngaphakathi edolobheni" - kufanele sezibekwe, ngaphezu endaweni yokuhlala futhi ehhovisi, utshani obuluhlaza, boulevards ububanzi futhi amapaki amahle. Yakhelwe umakhi isakhiwo E. Smith (USA), kakade ekwakheni ezifanayo eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo.

Khalifa Tower - Business nehhovisi sesevisi, ehlinzekwa izindlu ehhotela (ngowokuqala 37 emabhilidini) ezindlini zokuhlala (Imininingwane 700), amahhovisi kanye ethandwa eziyinxanxathela. Isabelomali sokuqala ezilindeleke uhla $ 1.5 billion, kodwa lesi sibalo liye landa ngokuphindwe kathathu futhi lafinyelela izigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.1 ekwakhiweni sokugcina.

Kwase kubekwe isisekelo ngo-2004, futhi masonto onke ukuphakama isakhiwo kwandisa at 1-2 izibuya. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa eziklanyelwe ifomu ukhonkolo yasetshenziselwa, uyakwazi withstanding lokushisa eliphezulu (50 ° C) ke. Gcwalisa ekhiqizwa ebusuku nge kwalokho ice. umsebenzi Ukhonkolo igcwaliswe ngokwakha 160 iphansi, bese umsebenzi uqala lokuqoqa Spire ehlanganisa timphawu tesakhiwo metal (ukuphakama 180 m).

Ukuphakama esiqondile "Burj Khalifa" kwakuyimfihlo okwaphela kuze kube ngomzuzu wokugcina. Lapho umsebenzi wokwakha kungenzeka ukwenza kube ephakeme, kodwa kuvimbe amacebo inkampani ukwakhiwa ukudayiswa amafulethi yokuhlala (endaweni ingqikithi 557 thous. M ^2).

kudivayisi Technical "Burj Dubai"

Umbhoshongo umoya ephendulwa has a usayizi olukhethekile 61 m, futhi ezindongeni lenqwaba yama-solar panel (15 ayizinkulungwane m ² endaweni) - konke lokhu kuvumela isakhiwo ukuba ngokuphelele non-oluyingozi. Ukuze uvikeleke kusukela esishisayo eningizimu ilanga setha ingilazi lembhali, ziyoba ngendlela ephawulekayo ukunciphisa ukushisa ngaphakathi emagcekeni isakhiwo. Iphinde ikuvumela ukunciphisa izinga air-conditioning amakamelo.

yasekuqaleni air-conditioning system - emoyeni iqondiswa kusukela phansi kuze ngokusebenzisa zonke izibuya umbhoshongo, futhi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwe-efakwe komhlaba okhethekile Ukupholisa amayunithi ngamanzi olwandle. Entsha yesimanje uhlelo umlilo yakhelwe ngendlela efana ezothatha bonke izakhamuzi nezivakashi umbhoshongo imizuzu 32.

Isihloko "I Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni" waklonyeliswa umbhoshongo ngo-2007, kodwa laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo ukubeka ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza kuphela ngo-2010.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo umbhoshongo "Dubai"

• Inombolo izitebhisi embhoshongweni - 3000.
• Inombolo zengilazi zendawo - 26 eziyinkulungwane.
• Emakamelweni angaphakathi umklami Ihhotela (Imininingwane 160) kwaba George. Armani.
• 43 m, 76 ukuphakama futhi 123-m amazinga izivakashi enikeziwe ezisekelweni yokubuka.
• Observatory "Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo" ibekwe phansi 124.
• is A elikhulu yokubhukuda esisogwini 76 phansi.
• Mosque, okuyinto kubhekwa vysokoraspolozhennoy kakhulu emhlabeni, zibalwa 158 phansi.
• Phansi "Burj Dubai" abaphukile umthombo enhle "Dubai" ngomculo.

TV Tower "Sky Tree" e-Tokyo

Tower Sky Tree (634 metres) - isakhiwo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni ithelevishini umbhoshongo yesimanje futhi isakhiwo sesibili emva "Burj Dubai". ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqedwa ngo-2012 futhi zibiza u- $ 812 billion. aphoyintimenti wakhe - ukudlulisa isibonakaliso TV digital, iselula kanye ezinye izinhlelo navigation. Izivakashi kukhona ezisekelweni ezimbili wokubuka ngesinye eziphakemeyo 340 kanye 350 m, abambalwa amathilomu, yokudlela nesipho esitolo.

Shanghai umbhoshongo

Esesithathu umbhoshongo eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni - Shanghai, okuyinto eyingqopha olugqamile Shanghai (China). Ukuphakama Shanghai Tower - 632 metres, isakhiwo sayo laqedwa 2015. umbhoshongo Eyingqayizivele postmodern isitayela yezakhiwo Kugcizelela ne ukuvumelana kwalo okuphelele Ubukhulu (125 izibuya).

Umsebenzi wokwakha kwadalwa ngokuqinile yezakhiwo design Gensler sika (USA), isisekelo sabekwa ngo-2008. Uma ugcwalisa kwesisekelo usetha irekhodi emhlabeni wonke ijubane -. 60 cu m ³ per 63 amahora. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa njengoba ngesivinini ijubane futhi yaqedwa Meyi 2015.

Shanghai Tower - iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ibhizinisi isikhungo kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukeneko yezitolo nokuzijabulisa izindawo, okujwayele yizivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Shanghai Tower has imizila yayo ezokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda ahlukahlukene kuyinto ezizimele ngokuphelele futhi okungezona oluyingozi:

• ke ibekwe 270 ophephela abaphehla ugesi kanye enamandla kakhulu diesel generator, okunikeza ngayo ugesi;
• amanzi emvula eqoqwe izigubhu akhethekile kamuva ukusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza izakhiwo;
• degree of Ukuvuselela Uhlaza Lwehlathi kwezakhiwo - 33%.

Kuyo yilezi: ehhotela Chic kwanoma iyiphi isikhundla (kufika ku mithi); Chinese International Corporation (emahhovisi ayizinkulungwane 220 m ^{2.) ahlukahlukene;} eziyinxanxathela (abayizinkulungwane 50 m ^2.); embukisweni amahholo neminyuziyamu; endaweni-panoramic izivakashi, okuvumela ukuba ahlole wonke umuzi; 3 sishukumiseleka phakathi uhambo izibuya ikheshi ongakhulula comers phezulu lingaphansi kuka 1 iminithi.

TV umbhoshongo e-US

Isihloko umbhoshongo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni isikhathi eside (kusukela ngonyaka ka-1963 2008) Egcinwe umbhoshongo KVLY-TV, elise North Dakota e Blanchard (USA) ukuphakama 629 m. Manje singesesibili emhlabeni jikelele.

TV umbhoshongo e Guangzhou, China

Umiswa ngo-2010, lesibili esiphezulu ithelevishini umbhoshongo sanikezelwa ekuqaleni Asian Games. Lokhu Guangzhou TV Tower. ukuphakama kwalo -. 600 m Feza inqubo ukwakhiwa inkampani ukwakhiwa ARUP. Ukwakheka kuwukuthi ngesimo hyperboloid, i-retina siqukethe ngamapayipi ensimbi ububanzi, futhi egcotshwa embhoshongweni yayo (160 m). amasignali ukusakaza kamabonakude - Inhloso yayo.

abaqokiwe ocatshangelwayo sesihloko

Isihloko "I Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni" - akuyona njalo futhi ungashintsha umnini wayo njengoba ukwakhiwa zomhlaba abaningi eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo. Eminyakeni elandelako embalwa, cishe lokho kuyokwenza ukuba yenze izinguquko ukuze ihlangabezane ohlwini. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2020-ke ehlelelwe ukuqedela ukwakhiwa umbhoshongo China Sky City, esihlinzeka ukuphakama kancane ngaphansi kuka-1 km. Azerbaijan sihlelelwe ukwakha imitha-1050 "Tower of Azerbaijan". Ngakho, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isihloko udlulela design ngamunye okwalandela abade njengama ukwakhiwa yabo.