I chemical ifomula we-ozone. Ozone ifomula kwesakhiwo

High phezu kwamakhanda ethu, e-Stratosphere endaweni engamamitha 19-48 km planethi lizungezwe i-ozone. It is a uhlobo lomoya-mpilo. Uma i-molecule ye-oxygen emoyeni siqukethe athomu amabili-mpilo akuhlanganisileyo - O2, i-molecule ye okungukuthi ama-athomu amathathu esiqokiwe ifomula-ozone - O3. Lwenza kwelanga. Lapho imisebe ultraviolet ukusuka elangeni sidlula emkhathini, ukubhubhisa molecule evamile diatomic oxygen. Ngamunye athomu abakhululiwe exhunywe O2 eduze. Ngakho ukwakha ifomula amakhemikhali we-ozone - O3.

Kuyini i-ozone?

Kuvulwe okokuqala lokhu Fabry igesi yemvelo French futhi Bruisson. Kubo ngo-1913, kwatholakala ukuthi imisebe yelanga kokuba nombono 200 kuya ku-300 nm ngenkuthalo ugxile Umkhathi. Igama elithi "i-ozone" ngesiGreki lisho "elimnandi", "elimnandi '. Wonke umuntu owazi iphunga nobuntu igesi, okwenzeka ngemva kwesiphepho. I-oksijini ekhona emkhathini amafomu ezintathu allotropic: O2 - yamangqamuzana, O - atomic O3 --ozone ifomula okuyinto etholwe inhlanganisela amakhemikhali nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala.

igesi izakhiwo

Ungqimba lwe-ozone mncane ngokwanele, cishe imperceptible. Uma zonke yezinhlayiya lokhu igesi, okuyinto hlala 29 km isikhala, abanobunye sphere olulodwa okuqinile, Uhlonze lwalo lalingahlanganisa kuphela ingxenye yesithathu isentimitha. Ubuningi we-ozone emoyeni ngenhla ubuso eMhlabeni. Lapho wemoto amagesi noma ukwazi asakazeka emoyeni, imisebe yelanga ihlangana izakhi zamakhemikhali ekushayweni, yakha i-ozone. Ikakhulukazi wazizwa ngosuku olushisayo, emoyeni egcwele umusi, ngoba ifika emazingeni esongela impilo. Formula-ozone ketshezi kuyinto engazinzile ngokomzimba, futhi lapho emakamu yayo emoyeni engaphezu kuka-9% igesi Kuqhuma, ngakho isitoreji yayo kungenzeka kuphela okushisa aphansi. Lapho ^{lwaluyophola-0} C -111,9 igesi iguqulwe ibe uketshezi.

i-ozone okweqile

Umuntu akakwazi ukuphila ngo-mpilo okumsulwa, liyasiza esincane i-ozone emkhathini, kodwa lokuhlushwa ngokweqile kungaba yingozi. Inhale akudingekile, ngoba lokhu uhlobo lomoya-mpilo kungalimaza emaphashini. Abasubathi ngubani donsa semali emoyeni ayegcwele-ozone ingase ikhononde zobuhlungu kobukhulu kanye phakathi ephefumula. Izihlahla nezitshalo ezikhula ngemgwaco, lapho umoya elicwile qeda intuthu, kakhulu, uhlushwa ngokweqile we-ozone. Lesi sici igesi ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba. Elemental ekuqukethe (ingxenye eyodwa ukuze amashumi ezigidi kwezinye izingxenye emoyeni) ehilelekile oxidative izinqubo ezenzeka emangqamuzaneni emzimbeni womuntu. Ngo ifomula-ozone izenzo njengenhlangano agent oxidizing eyodwa kuphela-mpilo-athomu kanye ezimbili ezisele abelwe kule uhlobo lomoya-mpilo khulula.

izakhiwo awusizo

Ngo ukusetshenziswa air ukuhlanzwa ngokugcwele zasendlini, abacwaningi baphawula inani elandayo izifo human okukukho. Isizathu kwaba elula - ukungabi we-ozone emoyeni ukuhlanzwa uye babangela izibhelu emzimbeni. ngemithamo emincane njalo igesi ziwusizo ekuvimbeleni izifo.

Uyini umphumela we igesi? Banikezwe imiphumela lokhu kucwaninga, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi i-ozone kuholela ekubhujisweni cishe yonke etholakala ubunjalo amagciwane, lenyama, bese isikhunta nemvubelo ukhunta. Kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa ingxenye encane (ifomula-ozone O3) e ilitha emoyeni asuse boke yingozi kubantu. Ngemva ozonation - inqubo yemvelo ezivamile emzimbeni. Ngisho ekamelweni-ozone freshens emoyeni kakhulu kususa esengozini yokungenwa yigciwane le izifo eyalo amaconsi, neutralises intuthu, uthuli izinto ezixabana nomzimba, izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nezinye yingozi womuntu izingxenye emoyeni. Ukubola amanzi, umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide, lezi zakhi ulahlekelwe ubuthi babo, iphunga ezingemnandi ziyasuswa. Sikhishwe-ozone ifomula kwamakhemikhali, namachibi okusezingeni eliphezulu ikhono layo ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba magciwane umoya namanzi okuphuza.

Layer at ibanga amakhilomitha 20 ngenhla surface eMhlabeni, eqinisweni, ivikele nempilo yethu ukuthi ubamba imisebe ultraviolet. Unjengomahluleli isihlungi, ukuvikela Umhlaba emisebeni yelanga. Ngaphandle esivikelo ukuphila ungqimba emhlabeni bekungeke kube khona. It wafakazela ukuthi zezitshalo nezilwane ukuvela eMhlabeni kuphela lapho kumiswa isihlangu enamandla befaka ke kusukela emisebeni yelanga. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusiza isikhumba ukuthola tan enhle, kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, nguye imbangela eyinhloko for yilanga futhi umdlavuza wesikhumba.

Umgodi we-ozone

Eminyakeni 70 ososayensi ukutadisha ungqimba lwe-ozone ngaphezu iplanethi, wathola ukuthi amakhemikhali asetshenziswe amafriji, umoya isimo futhi aerosols, kungalimaza i-ozone. Amagesi ufake emoyeni nesenzakalo ngamunye ukulungisa lezi amadivaysi noma ezahlukene aerosol spray. Ngokusho ososayensi, amagesi ayingozi, ekugcineni, ukufinyelela amangqamuzana i-ozone. Ngakho-solar ukukhishwa emisebeni chlorine-sasekhaya chlorine hydrocarbon, okuyinto ibulala-ozone ifomula kwesakhiwo, iguqulwe ibe umoya-mpilo abavamile. Ngakho, ungqimba ukuvikelwa libhujiswa. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engu-15, ukuthi ososayensi baseBrithani baye benza kwatholakala into emangalisayo: umgodi omkhulu ungqimba lwe-ozone phezu Antarctica yafakwa. Le hole livela emithonjaneni yonke futhi ifinyelela Usayizi cishe US indawo. Lapho izinguquko ovunguzayo isiqondiso ngenxa ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka, emgodini ugcwele-ozone molecule futhi. Ngakho eziningi zishintshe igcwalisa emgodini, njengoba kwezinye izingxenye ungqimba igesi kuba ohlabayo.

Yini esongela wokwehla ungqimba okuvikela?

Ebusika 1992 ungqimba lwe-ozone elaseYurophu naseCanada liye abe izacile ngama-20%. Kulezi zindawo lapho ungqimba aminyene emisebeni ngokwanele futhi onamandla okwaziyo ukuhlunga kakhulu kakhulu kwandisa umthamo umdlavuza wesikhumba oyingozi. Ngenhla Antarctica ososayensi eqoshiwe amazinga aphezulu kakhulu chlorine monoxide, ezakhiwe ukubhujiswa-ozone ngu chlorine okuyinto. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa% 1 kuphela ungqimba zokuzivikela kuholela ekwandeni nabo emhlabeni emisebeni ultraviolet kweyesi-2%, futhi nalo, 3-6% kwandisa umthamo umdlavuza wesikhumba oyingozi. Yelanga ibulala amasosha omzimba, okwenza umuntu sengozini yokuthola izifo. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungalimaza amangqamuzana akha zonke izitshalo, kusukela utshani nezihlahla.

Njengoba ungqimba lwe-ozone ophethe ukushisa, lapho lehla emoyeni ezikule ngxenye yenkabazwe selehlile izinguquko zomzabalazo kanye sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Kunzima ukuqagula ukuthi umthelela ungqimba Ukuwohloka phezu sezulu esikhathini esizayo, abacwaningi ukubikezela zemvelo omiswe zigaba, ukulahlekelwa yingxenye izimila kanye nenani enganele ukudla uma inkinga nolokubhujiswa igesi isixazululekile. Ngisho ngesikhathi ekunqanyulweni kwe nemisebenti yebantfu kuholele kwekhabhoni ezibhubhisa ungqimba zokuzivikela, kwakuzothatha s okungenani 100 ukubuyela ezingeni odlule.