HIV kokubili ekhaya? Zindlela yokudlulisela ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Abantu maqondana yabo HIV zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: labo ungacabangi HIV inkinga, namanje indlela evamile yokuphila, futhi labo sijabulile kakhulu ngokuphepha kwabo futhi kuthonywa kolwazi uvela abezindaba kanye neminye imithombo. Njengeqembu, kanti eyesibili iza akunembile, ngoba ukusakazeka kwezifo kusho namuhla kakade wafunda kahle, futhi ochwepheshe ngokuqiniseka lapho ingozi yokutheleleka, futhi lapho akusiyo. Kuyadingeka ukuba baqonde indlela ngobulili nasezinhlotsheni ayihambi HIV ukuze bazivikele izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi hhayi abaphazamisa imizwa yabo waphinda.

Emzimbeni wesiguli ngubani utheleleke nge-HIV, igciwane, inani okuyinto kwanele ngegciwane omunye umuntu, ungaphakathi ubisi lwebele, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, isidoda kanye igazi. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi izindlela Ungafaka emzimbeni umuntu enempilo nokutheleleka nge-HIV. Njengoba igciwane idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa umjuluko, ngamathe, umchamo, indle? Lutho. transduction izindlela, zintathu kuphela: ngokobulili, parenteral futhi mpo.

izakhiwo HIV

HIV libhekisela eqenjini igciwane engazinzile futhi ingakulahlekela bedle ngqo ka-ether, acetone noma utshwala. Igciwane itholakala phezu kwesikhumba enempilo, libhujiswa isinyathelo amagciwane athile kanye enzyme zokuzivikela. Futhi-ke, akafune ukubekezelela okushisa aphakeme futhi lufe, ngokuba imizuzu engaba ngu-30 57 degrees C noma E at ngomzuzu owodwa abilayo.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ekudaleni imithi futhi wokugoma yokulwa neHIV wukuthi igciwane kushintsha njalo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-HIV

umzimba Primary aphendvule ayehlasela igciwane by kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba. Inkathi, ezisabalele kusukela ukutheleleka kuze kube ngomzuzu lapho ukukhiqizwa omzimba asebenzayo iqala, ingahlala kusuka amasonto amathathu kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu. Kwezinye izimo, amasosha omzimba abonakale ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela ukutheleleka. Nkathi ngokuthi "window period seroconversional".

isikhathi ezifihlekile noma asymptomatic ingahlala kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa iminyaka engu-15. ngalesi nesigaba lesi sifo akusho ukuzibonakalisa nganoma iyiphi indlela. inqubo ezithathelwanayo eba ngemva kwenkathi asymptomatic. Uphawu lokuqala ukuthi isifo uyathuthuka, - lakhulisiwe zamanzi. Ngemva AIDS. Izimpawu eyinhloko lesi sikhathi kukhona ikhanda njalo noma njalo, uhudo unmotivated, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukucobeka, ukucobeka, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa isisindo emzimbeni. Ngezinye isigaba ngasekupheleni yesimila avele, futhi izifo ezingosomathuba, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Lesi sifo lihlotshaniswa ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi futhi iyingozi ukuphila komuntu, ngakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi HIV. Izimpawu ukuthi kungenzeka emva kweminyaka embalwa, kunzima ukunqoba futhi ubuyele indlela yokuphila evamile.

Ukuxilongwa yokutheleleka nge-HIV

ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe futhi ukucacisa khona igciwane emzimbeni bengayi kuphela ukubukeka kwabo. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqhuba isifundo wegazi, okhombisa ngokuba khona wegciwane kanye negciwane lesandulela ngculaza amasosha omzimba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuhlolelwa i-HIV olwenziwa, ELISA (enzyme-exhumene Assay immunosorbent), i-polymer iqina chain reaction, ahlukahlukene ukuhlolwa okusheshayo. Ngosizo lolu hlobo ucwaningo ukuthola khona igciwane egazini kanye degree sokuthuthuka.

Ukuze wenze isivivinyo nganoma iyiphi inhlangano yezempilo. Kufanele uqale uthole ukwelulekwa. Endabeni ka yi emihle, i onegciwane kufanele inikezwe ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo ukwesekwa wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke futhi ulwazi indlela yokuqhuba ngendlela yokuphila. Uma umphumela alivumi, isidingo ubambe ingxoxo nomuntu ngendlela HIV ekhaya. Lokhu kuzokwenza awuvikele kungenzeka ukutheleleka.

Zindlela yokudlulisela ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Lolu daba kufanele kuwakhathaze umuntu oyikhathalelayo impilo yabo. yokudlulisela i-HIV yenziwa izindlela kuphela ezintathu, okuyinto zihlukaniswe yokufakelwa kanye zemvelo. Eyokuqala - ngokobulili. Okwesibili - mpo. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi igciwane idluliselwa ngqo kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (noma fetus). Lena indlela yemvelo.

Indlela yesithathu, ngokuvamile okuthiwa saqanjwa yokufakelwa - parenteral. Esikhathini yokugcina icala ukutheleleka singenzeka ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi, isitho Ukufakelwa noma izicubu ubambe amadivayisi emthanjeni unsterilized. Isimo eyinhloko khona igciwane igciwane kwelinye futhi engekho omunye umuntu.

Ukutheleleka ngegazi

Kungathelela umzimba womuntu singena 1/10000 namamililitha wegazi, okuyinto akubonakali ehlweni lomuntu. Kuyamangalisa usayizi encane ikuvumela ukubeka 100 igciwane izinhlayiya ngayinye imigqa ayizinkulungwane ubude 1 cm. Lokhu kubuye ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Njengoba igciwane idluliselwa ngegazi, kungase amelwe esekelwe yokuthi uma igazi lomuntu okunempilo uthola ngisho ingxenye kancane legazi elinegciwane, amathuba okutheleleka iseduze kwe 100 phesenti. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa umnikelo ngesikhathi engahloliwe igazi zichichima.

HIV ngokusebenzisa izinto zokwelapha noma yezimonyo efanele eluhlaza, uba babengabakithi ibisetshenziswa zomuntu onesifo. Ngokuvamile, izimo ezinjalo zenzeka lapho indlebe ukubhoboza, okudweba ukubhoboza umzimba lapho nokucwala ezikhethekile. izinsalela igazi kwelinye izwe kungase kube engabonakali futhi bahlale ngisho nangemva ukugeza ngamanzi. Amathuluzi kumele ziphathwe ejenti ekhethekile noma utshwala.

Ngemva ubhubhane lwe-HIV sandile, Ministry of Health ngokuqinile uqaphe umsebenzi abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Lokhu kusebenza umnikelo, inzalo amathuluzi yezokwelapha, jikelele abasebenzi emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, lo mshini ukudluliswa kwe-HIV ukutheleleka ziye uzifunde ngokucophelela, kanjalo nezikhungo zezokwelapha ingozi yokutheleleka lincishisiwe.

Ingozi yokutheleleka nge omkhulu phakathi kwalabo abazijova ngezidakamizwa ngegazi angcolile, ukwabelana izinaliti, imijovo, umshini nezinto izidakamizwa.

nezifo ezithathelwana

Ukukhuluma ngendlela HIV ne-AIDS, ingasaphathwa indlela ezivamile - ngokobulili. Igciwane emzimbeni zomuntu onesifo ungaphakathi semali ku uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye isidoda. Noma yimuphi olungavikelekile ubuhlobo bobulili kwabobulili kungaholela ukutheleleka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yenza umthondo Kugcwele lwamafinyila. Iqiniso lokuthi e-mucosa ngesikhathi bezoziphatha microdamages akhiwa, lapho igciwane khulula ukungena niphume ku isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi nezinye kwezitho nezicubu. It kwandisa kungenzeka igciwane uma iqondiswa ngokobulili, kanye noshintsho njalo labantu ozibandakanya nabo kwezocansi, ikhondomu uma ungayisebenzisi, kanye nokwenza e ngokocansi nomuntu ovame izidakamizwa.

Ezithathelana ukuthi ezithathelwana ngobulili, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-30 namuhla. Abaningi babo neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene ukuvuvukala ukuthi ingadala ukutheleleka nge-HIV. izifo Iningi ephelezelwa ukuvuvukala ukulimala le mucosa zangasese, ephinde ubangela kungabi lula ukungena ku umzimba HIV. Dangerous yokutheleleka futhi ubuhlobo bobulili umuntu esesikhathini. Virus lokuhlushwa inezinga okuningi ephakeme e isidoda kuka e uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ematfuba lisuka abesifazane ukuba amadoda lingaphansi kunalokhu ukuthi besilisa ukuba owesifazane.

Ubungqingili ocansini olungavikelekile kuyingozi ngisho nakakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi le mucosa rectal Awekho amadivayisi e-Bluetooth ubulili, ingozi yokulimala kuhlasimulise kule ndawo idlula kungenzeka umonakalo sangasese. Ukutheleleka nge ukudlula anal namaqiniso nakakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi lilungelo leliphelele ngegazi. By the way, ungakwazi ungenwe ngokuxhumana temlomo na zangasese, nakuba amathuba akuyona minengi amacala odlule.

Ngakho, noma ngabe isiphi ngocansi emzimbeni akwazi ukungena ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Njengoba igciwane idluliselwa futhi yini izindlela ukugwema lengculaza? Vele ukulungisa impilo ocansini futhi asebenzise izindlela zokuzivikela.

Ukutheleleka kusuka kumama kuya enganeni

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, le ndlela ukutheleleka kwakuvamile kakhulu, futhi umama itheleleke babengenalo ithemba lokuthola i-ukuba nomntwana ophile kahle. Ngaphandle kwaba, kodwa kuyaqabukela. Ukuthuthukiswa wokuphila emkhakheni wamuva wezokwelapha namuhla uzuze imiphumela emihle ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka kusuka kumama kuya enganeni. Zindlela ukudluliswa kwe-HIV kusuka kumama kuya fetus noma ingane yilena elandelayo: ngobili lwebele ngesikhathi ibele, bebeletha noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Thola ngasiphi iphuzu kwakukhona ukutheleleka, kunzima kakhulu, ngakho iziguli kufanele ekhulelwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukubhalisa futhi kuqashwe impilo umntwana babo abangakazalwa.

The kungenzeka ukungcoliswa ekhaya

Nakuba ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV e imvelo yasekhaya akuyona high, kodwa noma kunjalo kuba. I obujwayelekile ukudluliswa ukutheleleka ngokusebenzisa sharps. Umbuzo kanjani HIV ekhaya, ekhathaza abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abaphila ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa nomuntu onegciwane.

I Lingadluliselwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanzeko izinto (isib, ngokusebenzisa izinsingo zokushefa ezilahlwayo). Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi angeke utheleleke ngokusebenzisa ezivamile yangasese, njengoba igciwane awuphasiswa umchamo futhi indle yalezi zibungu, ngesikhathi ebhukuda echibini, ngokusebenzisa izitsha ezivamile kanye nezinye izinto zasendlini.

Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kwenzeka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngemishini, ngesikhumba esilimele. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, igazi noma isikhwehlela emzimbeni wesiguli babe umuntu enempilo, kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana ukutheleleka.

HIV ayihambi

Igciwane is ayihambi ngokusebenzisa emoyeni (emoyeni yizinambuzane), phendla ukudla, amanzi. Ukuhlala egumbini nomuntu onegciwane futhi akusho impilo. Ukusetshenziswa yasendlini izinto (izitsha, amathawula, okugeza, swimming pool, ilondolo) futhi akuyona engozini. Igciwane ayihambi ngokusebenzisa Kissing ukuxhawula, ngesikhathi ukubhema eyodwa ugwayi, uma usebenzisa i-lipstick noma kwihendisethi. Futhi, i-HIV is ayihambi ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma ngokusebenzisa izilwane.

HIV ne-AIDS

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuyabuchitha izivikeli mzimba, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ukumelana ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Uma isikhathi lokuqala ukutheleleka kungaba kungabonakali hhayi ukuzibonakalisa ngaphandle nibonakala ke emabangeni alandelayo izivikeli mzimba buthaka kangangokuthi umzimba iba besekela yisiphi isifo esithathelwanayo. Lezi zifo basonta naleyo kakhulu kuyaqabukela uhlushwa Abantu abangakhubazekile onegciwane: ezibangwa amagciwane inyumoniya, Sarcoma Kaposi sika, isifo lwesimila.

State lapho umuntu utheleleke nge-HIV ziqala ukuvela izifo ezithathelwanayo, imbangela okuyinto itholakala mzimba inkinga ngohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-AIDS.

lokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela HIV, kubalulekile ukuthi esisongela ukuphila kwakho ukuze abantu. Ukuze ebhekene kuyinkinga enkulu kangaka, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ngendlela efanele ekuphileni futhi ulandele izincomo odokotela.

Phakathi nazo zonke izindlela kwengculaza ephumelela kunazo - kuba lokuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Kuhlanganisa: khona nophathini oyedwa wocansi, ukugwema alale yezidakamizwa, izifebe, kanye nabantu elaziwayo elincane, ukwenqaba iqembu othintana, ukusetshenziswa imishini ukuphepha. Lezi zinto zibalulekile kakhulu, njengoba HIV avame ngokuhlangana ngokocansi kuba ngokuya ocansini olungavikelekile.

Ukuze uphephe kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi yini kufanele usebenzise inhlanzeko yabanye abantu eqondene (amathuluzi yezokwelapha, izixubho, izinsingo zokushefa ezilahlwayo noma insingo). Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokufuna ukuba kusetshenziswe yokuthi ehhovisi beautician, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane, wamazinyo nezinye ochwepheshe alahlwayo yabo wakhonza amathuluzi amasha.

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele kube njalo afeze izinyathelo zokuvimbela maqondana AIDS. Lezi zihlanganisa: ukukhangisa okukhuthaza ucansi oluphephile, ukuxilongwa okujuli- abesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuhlolwa kwegazi abanikeli abantu engozini, ukulawula sokuzalwa kwezingane, ekuphikeni omuhle abesifazane abancelisayo babo.

Prevention ezindongeni nezikhungo zezokwelapha kuhlanganisa: zisebenzisa amathuluzi alahlwayo kuphela ukwelapha iziguli ezine-HIV, iqaphele izandla ngemva kokuthinta iziguli ezinegciwane. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze magciwane ukungcoliswa kwalawo manzi embhedeni, imvelo nofana izinto uketshezi Imishini kanye izimfihlo isiguli. Qiniseka ke Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi kungcono umraro kuka ukuyixazulula, njengoba kulokhu - kuka ukuhlala naye.

ukwelashwa kwe-HIV

Kulokhu, njengoba e nabanye abaningi kangaka, ngesikhathi liqhubeka namuhla. I ngaphambili inkinga ibanjiwe, kulapho cishe isiguli siphinde sithole ukuphila okuvamile. ukwelashwa kwe-HIV siqondiswe ngokwezinga elikhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubambezeleka ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubekelaphambili igciwane ukuze akusho iphenduke isifo esibi kakhulu - AIDS. Umuntu onegciwane ngokushesha liqoke ukwelashwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ofaka: imithi ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa izifo ezingosomathuba, nezidakamizwa ezithinta igciwane ngqo, ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa yayo nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha.

Kunzima ukuphila ngesifo ezifana ukutheleleka nge-HIV. is kanjani ukuthuthukisa, kanjani ukuze bazivikele kanjani - izimpendulo zale mibuzo bonke abantu kufanele bazi, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuba isiguli Ungaphila impilo evamile, ikakhulukazi lapho ifunda ngenkinga emva kweminyaka embalwa nje emva kokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuziphatha kwabo futhi bavikele impilo yabo, ngoba into eyigugu kunazo zonke esinazo, futhi, ngeshwa noma Ngenhlanhla, ayikwazi ngemali mazilidle.