Histoplasmosis - Kuyini? Histoplasmosis: Izimpawu, Ihlahlubo, Ukwelashwa

Ezithathelwanayo, yezifo ethile fungal - akuyona into engavamile emhlabeni wanamuhla. izinkinga ezifanayo ezibhekene abantu kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ubulili kanye nezinye izinto. Futhi ngempela isifo esiyingozi esibizwa histoplasmosis.

Kuyini lokhu? Yini izimpawu ephelezelwa? Yikuphi yezinkinga kungaholela? Yiziphi ukwelashwa linikeza imithi yesimanje? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo ziyoba abafundi abaningi. Phela, akuyona imfihlo ukuthi cishe njalo sifo okulula kakhulu ukulinakekela kusaqalwa.

Histoplasmosis: kuyini?

Emazweni amaningi, iziguli zibhekene kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane. Ngakho-ke yini histoplasmosis? Ngokushesha kuwufanele ethi lesi sifo fungal lapho lwegciwane kuthinta phagocytes mononuclear, ukulalela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lesi sifo kwezokwelapha yaziwa yimigomo "tsitoplazmoz reticuloendothelial" futhi "isifo Darling sika."

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sifo has a ukusatshalaliswa esicacile womhlaba. Ngo eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu kanye eningizimu-ntshonalanga izifunda zase-United States wabhala ukutheleleka ngokuvamile. lesi sifo futhi ezitholakala South-East Asia nase-Afrika. Kodwa e-Canada, eRussia kanye namazwe aseYurophu, isifo ubhekwa ngempela ezingavamile - Ezimweni ezinjalo zilotshwe ikakhulukazi phakathi izivakashi, owachitha isikhathi eside emazweni engozini. Naphezu ukusabalala enjalo encane isifo eRussia, wonke umfundi kuyoba usizo ukwazi kahle yilokhu histoplasmosis. Izimpawu, izindlela yokudlulisela, ukuma nezici isifo - lena amaphuzu abalulekile kuzosiza usola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi ngesikhathi ukuze ubone udokotela.

Ngokwezibalo, amadoda anjengo isifo kwenzeka kabili kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane bathambekele kakhudlwana kunabanye nabantu obuthaka omzimba (ezingane amacala kabili ngaphezulu isifo).

Incazelo lwegciwane kanye ukudluliswa indlela

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi histoplasmosis, okokuqala kuzomele ufunde kabanzi mayelana exciter yayo. Bona kuyinto dimorphic ukhunta Histoplasma capsulatum. Igama layo lesi-Indwangu kuyinto encane, eliphakathi kwe-oluncane umzimba noma babanjwa. Ubukhulu musa idlule 2-4 microns. Isici nobuntu le fomu indawo yayo intracellular - ngokuvamile isikhunta ukungena macrophage, ubende amaseli, isibindi, izindlala zamanzi, njll Histoplasmosis - .. Ingabe isifo ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amasosha omzimba isakhiwo.

Kumele kuqapheleke futhi ukuthi lezi nezilwanyana ezincane akuzona ukumelana kakhulu imvelo bangaphandle, nokho khona umswakama kanye lokushisa efanelekayo ungakwazi ukugcina ikhono ekuphileni. Kufutfumeta ukuze 55-60 degrees imizuzu 45, nokuholele ekushoneni weseli amasiko. Kodwa imiphumela chloramine, phenol, isikhunta formalin kukhona uzinze - beqala befa emva kwemizuzu 15-30 kusukela kuqale ukuchayeka.

Ichibi Natural yalezi isikhunta kuyinto ezweni ingcoliswe indle futhi indle kwezilwane ezinegciwane (engahle okwesibhakabhaka, izinja, amakati, izinkukhu). Ngokwesibonelo, ishiywe izakhiwo, nasemihumeni, imithombo ngisho emoyeni isimo ukudala izimo ephelele nokuphila nezilwanyana ezincane. Njengomthetho, ukutheleleka kwenzeka umoya, imuncwe womuntu uthuli isikhunta. Amaqembu ingozi zihlanganisa abakhi, abavukuzi basezimayini, abalimi, izivakashi, izazi zokuma komhlaba, speleologists, nokunye. D. ukudluliswa ngqo ngokuthintana lomuntu onegciwane noma isilwane siyenzeka.

Once in the ipheshana zokuphefumula, angenziwa fungal ukuthola amafomu izicubu, owabangela umonakalo wamaphaphu waphawula, kanye lesifunda zamanzi. esiphelweni obengeziwe ejenti pathogenic kanye ukugeleza kwegazi kuholela sensibilization umzimba, ukuthuthukiswa antigen athile bese - ukunqoba nezinye izitho (ningagcini yonke iziguli).

Ifomu eziyisisekelo sifo

Ngokushesha kuwufanele ethi kukhona izinhlobo eziningana engaveza histoplasmosis. Kuyini futhi yiziphi izici lokufanayo nomehluko phakathi kwe- lezi zinhlobo izifo?

Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngokuthi ukugeleza walulama ifomu oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki lesi sifo. Ngo-acute izimpawu histoplasmosis avele ngokuzumayo, isifo eba ngokushesha. Izifo ezingelapheki nazo kuba, kunalokho, amadala, kodwa ngokuvamile kuholela izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa emisipheni.

Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kuthinta umgudu wokuphefumula, okubangela histoplasmosis eba emaphashini. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka futhi extrapulmonary. Ikakhulukazi, kuba impela esiyingozi dessiminirovanny histoplasmosis - uhlobo lesi sifo, othinta lwamafinyila izicubu, isikhumba, izibilini singaholela ezinkingeni ezithile kuhlanganise samathambo, encephalitis, iziyaluyalu esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, njll ...

Acute histoplasmosis yamaphaphu: Izimpawu

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, Amagciwane fungal ukungena umzimba womuntu, kanye uthuli respirable. Yingakho lo esivame kakhulu histoplasmosis yamaphaphu. Izimpawu ze-ke ixhomeke isimo omzimba isiguli.

I bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi amabanga kusuka 4 kuya ku-30 izinsuku, nakuba iningi kusebenze ukutheleleka kwenzeka emva kwezinsuku 7-14 emva ephefumula of isikhunta pathogenic. Kubantu abaningi, lesi sifo singumbulali omnene, okubangela kungekho ukuphulwa okunzima. Kaningi iziguli ngisho nokuwabona yokugula kwakhe. Histoplasmosis kungase kuhambisane ukukhwehlela okuncane, amakhala yisisu nokwanda esifushane lokushisa. Izimpawu zinyamalale ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho avame kudidaniswe komkhuhlane.

Nokho, ezinye iziguli ukuthi nginesifo histoplasmosis ezinzima. Kuyini lokhu? Le ndlela isifo kuhambisana ukungakhuli evelele. Okokuqala kukhona imfiva (lokushisa lomzimba ngokuvamile antante 41 degrees), namanye izimpawu anobuthi, kuhlanganise nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa isisu. Isiguli ekhononda ngabe ujuluka esindayo ukuthi alternates enomkhuhlane eqinile. Kukhona ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukukhwehlela lokukhiqiza isikhwehlela, ehlasela ngokuvamile ahambisana ubuhlungu besifuba. Izimpawu zesifo akunakubangelwa, futhi arthralgia.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa (kwesinye isikhathi amasonto) imfiva sihamba, kodwa izinga lokushisa subfertility umzimba kugcinwa. Iziguli kule nkathi okhalazayo lobuthakathaka ezinzima kanye ukukhathala, ukungakuthandi ukudla, okungazelelwe kwesisindo.

Ifomu ezingamahlalakhona lesi sifo

Uma kungelashwa noma ngokungafanele eyenziwa yokwelapha iziguli ngezinye izikhathi ukuthuthukisa histoplasmosis ezingamahlalakhona. Izimpawu zesifo ngokuvamile anyakaza. Ngezikhathi ezithile, iziguli iba nomkhuhlane omnene, Nokho, okuyinto, ngokushesha amuke kwayona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye kanye ingase ihlanganise eziphikelelayo ukukhwehlela isifo okuyinto ngokuvamile ehambisana nobutha isikhwehlela, kanye okubangela izinkinga zokuphefumula.

Kukhona ezinye eziyingozi kakhulu okungabangelwa histoplasmosis ezingamahlalakhona. -X-ray isithombe elinikezwe ngenhla ebonisa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphaphu izicubu izinguquko. Ukuze uqale ngesinyenyela amasayithi ukuvuvukala kwakheka Ungahambisa noma zinyamalale cystic. Futhi, lolu hlobo sifo igcwele kumiswa calcifications e nezicubu wamaphaphu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi histoplasmosis ezingamahlalakhona ngokuvamile kuhlangene nezinye, izifo engengaphansi eziyingozi, okubalwa kuzo nesifo sofuba, wegazi, sarcoidosis, reticulosis.

Ngeshwa, le ndlela lesi sifo kunzima ukuyelapha. Ngokuvamile, iziguli zidinga okuphindaphindiwe izifundo yokwelapha, esiza ukugwema izinguquko nezicubu wamaphaphu nezinye izinkinga.

Desseminirovanny histoplasmosis

Le ndlela isifo kuhambisana izilonda yesibili isitho izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. Kanjani desseminirovanny histoplasmosis? Izimpawu kusaqalwa zifane nomkhuhlane. Okokuqala, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni liphuma khona. Isiguli inezimpawu lokudakwa ejwayelekile. Iziguli ezikhala ngezinhlungu namahlaba buthaka emzimbeni, izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo, ukukhathala, Ukugodola. Futhi, kukhulile ukujuluka.

Kuyinto evamile isikhumba histoplasmosis. Kuleli zinga kuthinta izicubu cutaneous, okuyinto kuhambisana izimpawu ezithile. Kanjani kubukeka sengathi histoplasmosis? Photo ebonisa ukuthi iziguli ukuqubuka okujula obuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kungaba erythema, oluhambisana noma ukuqubuka maculopapular, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imihuzuko.

Kunezinye ezahlukeneyo lesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi obalulekile microorganism pathogenic imiphumela ukuthuthukiswa ongama izicubu ithumba, stomatitis izilonda emathunjini, pharyngitis, nesenzakalo izilonda phezu ngemomozi yakho. amehlo Histoplasmosis ephelezelwa lesion we conjunctiva futhi ngokuvamile kuholela yezinkinga eziyingozi kuze kube ukulahlekelwa umbono.

Kukhona inala nezinye izinkinga, okubandakanya leli fomu lesi sifo. Lokhu kungafaka uhlu peritonitis, horioidity, pericarditis, lymphadenopathy, endocarditis ezithathelwanayo, izilonda emathunjini, meningitis, encephalitis nokunye okunjalo. D.

Okungalapheki histoplasmosis dessiminirovanny okuphuma ngaphezulu sluggishly - izimpawu zokudakwa cishe lingekho neziguli ukuya kudokotela ngisho khona izilonda ethile isitho uhlelo. Nokho, cishe kubo bonke leso sifo kuholela yezinkinga ezinzima.

Izimpawu zesifo e izingane kanye nabantu buthaka omzimba

Ngisho iziguli kancane azigomekile nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi histoplasmosis. Izimpawu ezinganeni ngempela nobuntu. Okokuqala kukhona ukushisa - lokushisa lomzimba antante degree angaba ngu-38-39. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabonwa pallor, jaundice futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho isikhumba, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa izifo ezithile esibindini. Abanye abazali futhi ziye zaphawula ukubukeka ingane yabo sohudo kunalokho iphunga ezingemnandi. Ukuhlola kungase kuqashelwe ukwanda Usayizi ubende kanye esibindini.

Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo singumbulali ku uhlobo izingane dessiminirovannomu. Kuyefana nasendleleni iziguli uhlelo somzimba sokuzivikela saba buthaka: banalo isifo kwenzeka kakhulu, ngakho yokwelapha izidakamizwa kubalulekile.

Kufanele futhi sikusho kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngoba izivikeli mzimba kulezi iziguli kakhulu buthaka. In the ukungabikho yokwelapha, zonke iphela ukufa cishe u-80% amacala. Kodwa lapho esiqhutshwa kahle ukwelashwa, lesi sibalo lehla 15%. Ngeshwa, iziguli benengculaza, ngeke ukwazi ukulondoloza - nokushona leli qembu iziguli 100%, njengoba ngisho nalapho lidle isilinganiso esikhulu izidakamizwa kungenzeka ukuvikela Ukuphinda esizayo. Yingakho izincwadi esizifundayo in iziguli izifo fungal nazo Kunconywa ukuba zihlolelwe isandulela ngculazi.

izindlela zesimanje uphethwe

Ngokushesha kufanele kusho ukuthi udokotela kuphela emva ukuxilongwa okujuli- lungacacisa histoplasmosis nesineke. Ukuxilongwa lesi sifo - inqubo eside. Ucwaningo iqondiswa hhayi kuphela ukubona pathogen, kodwa futhi ukuhlola umonakalo odalwe umzimba ekungenweni.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kuqinisekisiwe ngemva wodwa wahlukanisiwe uhlobo amasampula Histoplasma capsulatum. Ukuze ukuhlaziya isikhwehlela umgudu efanelekayo, futhi nokugeza bronchial. Lapho desseminirovannoy yakha ejenti causative kungatholakala egazini, indle, umchamo, cerebrospinal okuqukethwe uketshezi abscesses. inoculation bacteriological medium isiko Kwenziwa egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela.

Kwezinye izimo, biopsy we ISIZINDA lymph noma bronchi, kanye nezicubu amasampuli kusukela izilonda isikhumba imiphetho - ukubuyiswa Amasampula ke amenable ukuba luhlolo histological.

Lena akuyona yonke izindlela ungathola histoplasmosis. Sifo ngokuvamile kuhilela kokwenza ukusabela serotologicheskih, kanye ahlolelwe intradermal nge histoplasmin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo nezinye nocwaningo ukusiza ukuthola isimo umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, esifubeni X-ray kukunika ithuba ukubona lingene esikhulu sredneochagovye, okuyizinto sici esigabeni acute lesi sifo.

ekwelapheni lesi sifo

Kuthiwani uma wena wathola histoplasmosis? Ukwelashwa kuleli cala kushintshwe ngamunye. Okubalulekile! Akunakusetshenziswa ningakwenqabi iseluleko udokotela noma enqabe ukwelashwa ngendlela, njengoba kungase kube nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu.

Kukhethwa ukwelashwa kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Ku-akhawunti isidingo ukuthatha kobukhulu isifo, ezakheke, izinga lomonakalo kwezitho ahlukahlukene, ubudala lesiguli, isimo amasosha omzimba, nokunye. D.

Histoplasmosis imnene kobukhulu ngokulinganisela akudingi ukusetshenziswa ejenti antifungal, okuyinto bona abasakwazi anobuthi. Ngokuvamile, izimo ezinjalo, iziguli ukuncoma embhedeni ukuphumula, ukudla okufanele, ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Izintambo futhi ukwelashwa lingaze, okungabandakanya ethola ejenti antipyretic, Vitamin izakhiwo, antihistamine.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa antifungal kuyadingeka. Ngenxa yale njongo, imithi ehlukahlukene asetshenziswa. . Indlela ephumelela kakhulu izidakamizwa ezibhekwa "Ketoconazole", "Itraconazole" Amphoglucaminum "" Amphotericin B " impatho okunezimpawu imithi kumelwe futhi eqeda ukuvuvukala asetshenziswa khona izilonda nesikhumba noma namehlo, ngokuvamile - .. Corticosteroids njengoba ukukhanya lokuqala uhlushwa ukutheleleka, isiguli ekunike ekhethekile ephefumula izidakamizwa esisiza ukugwema izinguquko izicubu kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuphefumula lesiguli.

Ngo yezinkinga ezinzima ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka kokungenela kuhlinzwa, ukususwa lymph engeli ethile nge ithumba eyingqabavu, wokubhoboza pericardial, wokufakelwa inhliziyo valve (uma isifo kuthinta izicubu inhliziyo), resection yamaphaphu yezinkinga ezinzima futhi t. D.

Kuthiwa eziyingozi kanye isikhathi okuqaliswe futhi imithi ngendlela elungile olwenziwa ezingajwayelekile kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu in iziguli kanzima abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka. Kubantu abaningi, kuba izibikezelo evumayo - histoplasmosis lula indlela yokwelashwa, futhi izimpawu fade angabacwasi ngokushesha.

Zikhona izindlela eziphumelelayo ukuze uvikeleke?

Namuhla, abaningi banesithakazelo nezindaba okungukuthi histoplasmosis. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa, izinkinga ezibangwa - lena ukwaziswa okubalulekile kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziguli kaningi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingabe sikwazi ngandlela-thile ukuvimbela ukuqala isifo.

Ngeshwa, zokuvimbela ethize yalesi sifo akusilo - kuze kube manje, cha ngemigomo kanye nezinye izidakamizwa. Histoplasmosis yamaphaphu, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye uhlobo lesi sifo, kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba sithathe izinyathelo kanye nemithetho yokuhlanzeka.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kwakhiwa futhi umhlaba izinkathazo ukucabanga mayelana lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela ipheshana zokuphefumula ngosizo buso, respirators, nokunye. D. Kungokufanayo abasebenzi yenkukhu kanye nezinye izikhungo wezolimo. Akumelwe sikhohlwe ukugeza izithelo, ikakhulukazi uma imikhiqizo amazwe kusuka emazweni lapho le ukutheleleka lenzelwa.

Imithetho efanayo futhi zisebenza izivakashi. Ephambi kwezinduna abanokukhubazeka ezithile kudingeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukubona udokotela, ngoba impatho ngokushesha waqala, ephansi amathuba yezinkinga edabukisayo.

Histoplasmosis ezilwaneni kanye nezici zayo

Akukhona nje umuntu abangenwa yilo ukutheleleka. Kusukela izifo ezifana bevame izilwane, nokunye okunjalo kwenzeka endle kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokushesha kufanele kusho ukuthi ukudluliselwa ejenti causative ukuthintana ngqo nezilwane akunakwenzeka, njengoba isikhunta zibekelwe imvelo yangaphandle ne indle. Nokho, ngesikhathi ekwelapheni isilwane udinga ukulandela ngokucophelela imithetho yokuhlanzeka (ikakhulukazi izingane).

Ukuze ubuyekeze isithombe emitholampilo ye isifo angabhekwa abameleli bomkhaya ikati. Ngakho kubonakala sengathi histoplasmosis in namakati? Izimpawu akusiyo njalo kungenzeka ukuba aqaphele kusukela osukwini lokuqala.

Ngokuvamile, imfiva livela kuqala. Pet iba nababuthakathaka, ngokuvamile olalayo, ihamba kancane. Njengoba isifo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni Ukuwohloka esesuthi, ukuhlanza, sasivumela okusheshayo kwesisindo. Ngokuvamile, izilwane athuthukiswe sokuzincisha ukudla, elibuye kudinga ukwelashwa eyengeziwe.

Zikhona ezinye izimpawu. Ikakhulukazi, kungase lymphadenopathy kuqashelwe, pallor ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, nobunzima ukuphefumula nesenzakalo imisindo normal ovela emaphashini. Ngezinye izikhathi, izilwane ezigulayo futhi uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni. Lapho wezilwane Okubukwe ungakwazi uphawula ukwanda kwesibindi. Nokho, uphethwe esichazayo singenziwa kuphela emuva kokwenziwa endaweni yokucwaninga lapho ayihlwanyelayo emasikweni abathole le ukhunta.

Izilwane zingase futhi zibe desseminirovannaya ifomu, okuyinto ngokuvamile owabonakaliswa isikhumba, amehlo, ulceration ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukuphazamiseka kwezitho zangaphakathi.

Histoplasmosis e amakati ziphathwe izidakamizwa antifungal. Ikakhulu, ubhekwa siyasebenza ngempela, "Ketoconazole" futhi "Itraconazole". Kwezinye izimo, udinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okuzivuselela, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene isizinda izifo babenezinkinga ezinkulu nge ukudla. Onalesi sifo isilwane-friendly kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane elinikwe isikhathi ukusiza. Kodwa, ngeshwa, emabangeni kamuva histoplasmosis kunzima ukuyelapha - uyahluleka uma elwa nokuphuza kanye ukubukeka yezinkinga ngesimo pathologies we wokugaya ukudla uhlelo, inhliziyo, ubuchopho.