Growing oyster amakhowe njengebhizinisi: izibuyekezo, izithombe. uhlelo Business yokutshala oyster amakhowe ekhaya

Uma inhloso sesifikile ukuba ukuziqalela amabhizinisi abo nge budget amancane ngaphandle izindleko ezinkulu ukuqasha igumbi, kunengqondo ukucabangela ukutshalwa amakhowe oyster njengebhizinisi. Impendulo kulabo abaye bazama amacebo afanayo, ukuqinisekisa ngokoqobo yalolu hlobo imali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola yi ehloniphekile ngeke babe bagxuma izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi - sisebenze amakhowe ezinjalo ngemva isifundo emfushane izici kulinywe lilula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lowo mbono ukuze uthole imali cishe wonke umuntu.

Izizathu wokuphuthuma

Okokuqala amakhowe kuwufanele ukwenza ngesizathu ukuthi bayindlala. Abantu ezifana nalezi isikhunta, bakulungele ukuwathenga. Uma siqhathanisa nabo amakhowe ke singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi akuzona eliphansi kuya umkhiqizo ukunambitheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, oyster amakhowe ziwusizo kakhulu ngoba aqukethe eningi amavithamini, amino acid kanye namaprotheni.

Ngo inqubo yokukhula oyster amakhowe angadingi lokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, futhi ngemva kokuvuna izosuswa, zingase ligcinwe isikhathi eside. Uma ubhala elihle ibhizinisi, ukutshalwa amakhowe oyster abe eqondile yokuziphilisa emihle.

Futhi omunye inzuzo, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze banake - leli yithuba ukuqala ibhizinisi elincane lasekhaya ngaphandle abalulekile izingozi zezimali kanye hassles ne Ukukhetha kwezakhiwo ukuze iqashwe. Futhi uma uqhathanisa izindleko ukutshalwa oyster amakhowe futhi, athi, amakhowe, owokuqala kuyoba ezincane kakhulu ngesikhathi kuqhathaniswa nesidingo esifanayo.

Ukuqalisa

Ekuqaleni kungase kudingeke uqonde ukuthi ngisho noma ayidingeki ukuze iqashwe, kodwa isikhala ezithile namanje edingekayo kuleli bhizinisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutshalwa amakhowe (oyster amakhowe) ekhaya - ibhizinisi elidinga esizeni sayo. Lokhu kungaba indawo egcekeni emakhaya abo noma cottage. I flat ukuqalisa le nqubo ngeke kube nzima, kodwa uma uthanda, futhi ukuba khona kule ndawo khulula, lelo themba uhlala kungenzeka.

Ngakho, ukuze senze izinyathelo kuqala inhlangano ibhizinisi ukutshala amakhowe, kuyodingeka uthole ikamelo emnyama umswakama high, supply ezinhle emoyeni and qeda hood, lapho uzohamba-carbon dioxide.

Ngokuphathelene ukutshala, khona-ke kungenziwa zokhuni izingxenye kanye sawdust, utshani izikhwama, amabhokisi kanye iziphunzi. Ingabe izimo ephelele futhi zemvelo, kuba umbuzo ngendlela ebanzi.

asizayo

Kunezindlela Inombolo yezenzo ngesikhathi ukulima amakhowe inqubo, ukuthi ukuze uthole isivuno esihle odinga ukukwazi nje:

- umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo yokutshala substrate, izisekelo ie, okuyinto luyokhula futhi amakhowe;

- ukulungiselela imbewu, ubizwa ngokuthi ama-mycelium,

- nokulandela yonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze iphuzu, kanjani isiqu (igciwane we ukhunta).

Kubalulekile ukuba kube iphutha ngokukhetha uhlobo mycelium, okuyinto kakhulu inquma umphumela wokugcina. okumqoka kuyinto imbewu abanekhono futhi zokutshala. Lokhu isici kufanele ucatshangelwe, uma sicabanga ukutshala oyster amakhowe njengebhizinisi.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, enqubeni kulungiselelwa substrate udinga ukusebenzisa utshani noma sawdust. Bayobizwa ekuqaleni steamed ke ukufakwa esikhwameni. Kulesi simo esifanelana kuphela impahla eluhlaza okuye kwaba isikhathi sokwehlisa umoya. Ngemva izikhwama ezibekwe eshalofini ebumnyameni (igumbi lokushisa 18-20 ° C). Lapho zokutshala kuqedile, kufanele kwenziwe amabhlogo (izikhwama) izimbobo. Nail kufanelekile njengoba ithuluzi.

Bala uye phambili imiphumela yokuqala lubonakale kungaba amasonto amabili nje emva kokutshala.

Yini enquma isivuno

Growing oyster amakhowe njengebhizinisi nakanjani kuncike Eqinisweni indlela amakhowe abaningi ekupheleni uzoqoqa usomabhizinisi Olufufusayo. Lapho umkhiqizo - ayanda engenayo. Futhi imiphumela ejabulisa, udinga ukulandela imigomo embalwa ukhiye.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, igumbi lapho amabhlogo ezibekwa ngezinjongo amakhowe kufanele nomswakama ezingeni yanda, futhi kuyadingeka ukuze pholisa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi siyagcinwa izinga lokushisa elikhulu.

Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho osomabhizinisi abaningi abaye asebenzelana ngayo oyster amakhowe, isivuno kangcono abona othile ewunikela ngesikhathi etshalwa amabhlogo, ibekwe Racks esimweni mpo. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele kube 90-110 cm. Lokhu kuyoshukumisa ngokukhululekile phakathi amabhlogo like ngesikhathi nokugcinwa isikhutha, nezilwanyana ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

Uma kunjalo kufanele kube ne izikhwama ke uchungechunge ibekwe kangcono nge ibanga cm 30 kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngokuqondene nobubanzi we yokubeka, kuleli cala, kangcono ukunamathela uphawu 40 cm. Lokhu kusiza ukuba silondoloze lokushisa kunesidingo.

Ukuhlola kanjani ukutshala oyster ukubuyekezwa kwelinye ibhizinisi kufanele bacabangele saziso. Futhi okuhlangenwe nakho abantu abaningi abathintekayo ukutshalwa amakhowe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngempela lo fruiting izinga kungalindeleka kuphela esitebeleni ngokuqondene lokushisa kwesokudla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, kuye ngohlobo lokufaneleka kungenzeka ezingeni e 13-15 ° C no-25 ° C. Kuzosiza usimamise umbuso lokushisa ekhethekile Ukushisa imishini. Lokhu umsebenzi ongenza kahle uxhumeke kwi-izinzwa central bafudumale.

Indlela yokubhekana kukhanyisa ukupholisa

Ngakho, oyster amakhowe bayojabulela ngokwabo inqobo egumbini, bakuphi kalula futhi kukhona okuhle-mpilo imfucuza-carbon dioxide. Uma emakamu zokugcina idlula 0.8%, bese amakhowe avele izigqoko nge imiphetho curled kanye eside Ukwakha-up. Nge impahla ezifana ukubala nesithakazelo esikhulayo kusuka abathengi kuwufanele neze ke.

Labo azibonakalisa ukutshalwa oyster amakhowe, njengoba ibhizinisi, kubalulekile ukwazi eliqinisekisiwe sezingeni elamukelekile nomswakama. Yenza kube lula ngempela: ukupholisa ukuze zibe zinhle, uma ubude umlenze oyster ezikhulayo imayelana ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ubukhulu ingqikithi ukhunta.

Futhi, ungagxambukeli ukufakwa kohlelo ukupholisa ukuze anakekele khona ukuhlunga kuwo.

On isihloko ukukhanyisa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukukhanya kwaba njalo endabeni ka amakhowe ezidingekayo, kodwa eziningi limited (100 kuya ku-200 lux amahora 12). Uma lokhu kuyinsakavukela atinakwa futhi ukwandisa lokuhlushwa, kuyothiwa sibhekene nemiphumela ebuhlungu, ezifana nokuncipha okukhulu kwenani amagciwane.

Irrigation kanye nomswakama Amazinga

Growing oyster amakhowe njengoba ibhizinisi ekhaya, uyohlale zihlanganisa umsebenzi ezihlobene ukulawulwa ezingeni nomswakama. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umkhiqizo ezifana amakhowe kuyinto 90% umswakama futhi kuvimbele ukoma ngokweqile uma igumbi ophawulekayo ayezobasiza wangabaza.

Yingakho izikhwama mahle le nqubo - basuke zivimbela kahle umswakama. Ukuvikela ngokuphepha amakhowe kusukela ukusonteka, kubalulekile ukuba sifinyelele ezingeni ozinzile umswakama of 85%. Kodwa wathumba umswakama futhi akufanele kube. Kulesi simo, "futhi" Akukuhle, ngoba amakhowe ukuphela kungenzeka ukubekezelela isitoreji, okuyinto kuyisici esibalulekile inqubo wokwakha ibhizinisi.

Ukwenza lula isinqumo olunembile ezingeni nomswakama, kunengqondo ukuba uthenge umshini othile ezifana psychrometer. It ahlelwe akunzima - liqukethe izinzwa ezimbili ahlola ukoma kanye nomswakama. Kuyinto umehluko ukufundwa yabo futhi likhomba ukwephula mode oyifunayo noma ukunquma ukuhambisana.

Uma sicabanga ukutshala oyster amakhowe emasakeni, njengebhizinisi, nokuba olunzulu, asikwazi indiva iqiniso lokuthi angefani ukukhula lezi isikhunta zidinga ukuhluzeka ngezinga elithile ezahlukene umswakama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emaphathini bobudala obungefani, kufanele agcinwe amakamelo ahlukene noma kwelinye, kodwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana nge amazinga ehlukene umswakama.

Manje okuncane mayelana inqubo wokunisela. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhumbule isikhathi lapho ubukhulu zemizimba izithelo ukufinyelela 30 mm noma 1 cm. Ukwamukela izinga amakhowe ngenkasa, ukusebenzisa grid nge ukuvuleka 0.5 mm. Kepha fogging izinhlelo, okuthile ngabo kungcono ukukhohlwa. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi awukwazi ngisho ukuyeka ukuchelela ngesikhathi iqoqo, kungenjalo ungaqalisa enkingeni ezifana oyster mushroom uhlobo.

izimiso ezisemqoka kulinywe

Kukhona imithetho embalwa ebalulekile, ngaphandle kwalabo okukhulunywa ngabo ngenhla, okumele abe aziwa bonke labo wathatha isinqumo ukuqala ukutshala oyster amakhowe. ibhizinisi based Home, kulesi simo kufanele afaneleke kakhulu. Uma ulihlola nezidingo kanye ukuqonda essence zabo, anikeza ezithela ezinzile kuyoba lula.

Ngakho, nazi ezinye imithetho okukhulunywa ngalo:

- Ukuze ungcolisa okusheshayo iningi zamatshe substrate mycelium in isikhwama kufanele uqale kusukela 12.

- Ngqo yena mycelium kuyadingeka ukuba ukudamba ukuze yonke indawo yabo umhlaba wambozwa. Kodwa kuwufanele 80% ukusabalala is closer kuze kwezindonga, kodwa 20% phakathi nendawo.

- Lapho beqeda compaction, kubalulekile dedelani izintambo.

- Kubalulekile ukuba banake yokuthi ezikhwameni kwadingeka izimbobo futhi phansi, ngeke kuyayiqeda zonke umswakama ngokweqile kalula. Ngokuvamile perforation kusho 10-20 izimbobo isikhwama mycelium ngamunye.

- At amabhlogo lokuqala kwakuvela amakhowe kufanele agcinwe endaweni emnyama manzi, kodwa emva kwezinsuku 14-16 of yokuvuthwa, lapho yonke mycelium uyogcwala substrate, kufanele kuhanjiswe ku-indawo lapho kukhona ukukhanya, kodwa akukho elangeni. Lokhu kungaba izwe emthunzini wesihlahla noma indlu, Basement, nichitha.

Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana imishini

Kusobala ukuthi ukutshala oyster mushroom njengebhizinisi Wabasaqalayo, kungase kudingeke Ubukhulu ezahlukene. izimo Domestic e ngalinye ihlukile: umuntu endaweni encane for ucwaningo anjalo, kuyilapho abanye bangase bakwazi ukwaba anjalo endaweni yebhizinisi eziphathekayo, isibonelo, kuleli zwe. Futhi uma kunjalo kwenzeka ukuthi ne square metres akunankinga ke kunengqondo ukucabanga mayelana ezinkulu amavolumu umkhiqizo zikhulile, futhi kakade kungcono ukuba banake imishini efanele ukwenza kanjalo.

Kufanele kuqale autoclave, ngawo ungakwazi ukukhiqiza mycelium. Nale ndlela, inqubo ukulungiselela substrate ekukhuleni fungal kuyoba ngokushesha okungaka.

Yamanje futhi imishini ukulungiswa substrate. In the ukungabikho izindlela ingakwazi ukukhiqiza umshini ofanayo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo kudingeke ukuba uthole emgqonyeni thick-ngodonga (100-200 amalitha) ukugcwalisa ngamanzi futhi usebenzisa buhlanjululwe umlilo ngamathumba. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala Izitolo ezivumela ukuze ngiyobhodla. Lezi ompompi axhunyiwe izigubhu ngodonga nge umthamo ofanayo futhi lapho substrate ibekwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sidlule ukwelashwa izinga ukushisa.

Kodwa lokhu akulona yonke imishini, okudinga ukutshala oyster amakhowe njengebhizinisi. Izibuyekezo waqinisekisa iwusizo imishini imizimba nedlelo fruiting. Eqinisweni, sikhuluma Igumbi kahle noma ezindaweni eziningana lapho ukwesekwa nomswakama kunesidingo, izinga lokushisa kanye oyifunayo ukukhanyisa ezingeni.

Kanjani ukubala inzuzo

Ibhizinisi uhlelo yokutshala oyster amakhowe nakanjani kuhilela ukubala izindleko nemali ezingaba khona.

Ukuze uthole izinombolo ezidingekayo ukwenza izibalo ezilula. Uma uthatha kuyindlela elula, imali edingekayo ukuthengwa izikhwama kanye yamathebhu - substrate. Ngokwesilinganiso, amabhlogo siphelile ngokuqukethwe ezahlukene ngezihloko ezihlukene angathengwa $ 2.5 isheya ngalinye. Kusukela kulokhu sicabanga uhlelo lwebhizinisi ukutshala oyster amakhowe ekhaya, sokuqasha kwezakhiwo izindleko nabasebenzi ziyabhekelelwa akukho. Amakhowe zokutshala angathengwa at intengo $ 1.5 ngayinye kg.

Uma uhlele kahle endaweni, bese 1 m ² siyohlalisa afika kwangu-7 amabhlogo. Omunye iyunithi efana uyakwazi ukuletha isivuno isikhunta 3 kg. Ngakho, imitha skwele kube nesikhala esingasetshenziselwa okuthile abaqashwe 21 kg oyster mushroom. Ngokuqondene ukuqaliswa, ungazama bebodwa ukuhlela ukudayiswa kanye nokuhanjiswa umthengi yokugcina amakhowe (izitolo, nezitolo ezinkulu, izimakethe, njalo njalo. D.) Noma usebenzise amasevisi wabenza lesibili ngesandla.

Ngokwesilinganiso, kilogram of oyster amakhowe ungakwazi ukulanda kufika ku- $ 3, okuholela isiphetho ayinzima ukuthi ibhizinisi ezifana ikuvumela ukuba ujabulele 100% inani eliqinisekisiwe impahla kanye ukuthola inzuzo enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne nezinamathiselo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi labo uhlose uzame isandla sakhe ibhizinisi, kufanele sicabange ngokujulile ngokuthi ukutshala oyster amakhowe njengebhizinisi. inqubo Photo kanye incazelo eningiliziwe phezu izinkundla kuzovumela ukuqonda kalula izici inqubo futhi wamukele izitshalo unomphela.

Imiphumela

Ngokusobala, lo mbono ibhizinisi ufanelwe ukuqashelwa, ngoba ayidingi imithombo ebalulekile ukusebenzisa ibhizinisi, futhi uthembisa nomholo ezinhle lapho inhlangano afanele inqubo. Ngakho-ke, uma udinga imali, kanye namaphupho okwabo seziklebhukile phandle, kunengqondo ukuhlola ukutshalwa amakhowe oyster njengebhizinisi. Izibuyekezo abathanda eziningi ababebe nesibindi sokuba ukuthatha leli thuba, kuqinisekisa kuphela yokuthi lolu hlobo nomholo kungenziwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi i ethembisa futhi ephephile kakhulu maqondana nezingozi zezimali.