Govuza nefilosofi - Iyini? Movement nokuthuthukiswa ifilosofi

Omunye izigaba endala zefilosofi kuyindaba. Umcabango ke wadalwa eyisidalwa ethize kakhulu, bese-ke athuthukile, zandiswa futhi kamuva kwaphenduka izinto incazelo engokoqobo inhloso, amandla nezinto zethu esingazisebenzisa uzizwe.

Kakhulu ejwayelekile incazelo yalokhu isigaba efanayo ekubeni izwe njengoba kuqondwe nefilosofi. Ukunyakaza, isikhala, isikhathi, izimfanelo zayo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa esisodwa sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu okwakushiwo ifilosofi yamaGreki. Kumayelana ukunyakaza. Singasho ukuthi leli gama ihlanganisa zonke izinqubo ngokwemvelo futhi umphakathi.

Umqondo ukunyakaza ifilosofi

Singasho ukuthi lesi sigaba sichaza mode ukhona ndaba. Ngomqondo onabile, enhlanganweni yezazi jikelele kakhulu ifilosofi - kuyinto ushintsho ku ukuxhumana lezinto ezibonakalayo, ushintsho esimweni esisodwa kuya kwesinye. Lichaza ukwehluka zomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwayo, kunzima ukucabanga iyiphi nenhlalakahle. Phela lapho - ke kusho hambisa. Noma yimuphi omunye nenhlalakahle cishe provable. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthola, ngoba engahambisani nanoma imuphi izinto noma nge ukuqaphela kwethu.

Matter nangemifanekiso enyakazayo futhi ifilosofi oxhumene nabo. Abakwazi khona omunye ngaphandle komunye. Ngakho-ke, leso sicelo kubhekwa umqondo ngokuphelele zefilosofi. Zonke ezinye, kunalokho, isihlobo. Kungani? Iqiniso liwukuthi ongqondongqondo uvumelana kwencazelo ukuthula njengoba omunye izinhlobo ezinyakazayo. uyosizakala kakhulu ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi. Uma ezinye umzimba, isibonelo, uyaphumula eMhlabeni, ihamba ngokuhlobene kwamanye amaplanethi nezinkanyezi.

Aporia - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona izinguquko nezinqubo?

Ngisho endulo yabhekisela kuwukuphikisana inkinga. Govuza nefilosofi - okungukuthi, kusukela umbono we Eleatic esikoleni, kuncike ohlotsheni olukhethekile ukucabanga - eziphikisanayo. umbhali yabo, ngokuvamile Zénon babekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle ukuphikisana. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngobudlelwane obakhayo ukunyakaza engenakwenzeka. Isazi sefilosofi yisibonelo ukuthi, uma umkhuba igijima (Achilles) Kungenzeka lizothola ufudu kancane, elihle embusweni wacabanga akunakwenzeka, okungenani ngenxa yesikhathi, kuze isilwane kukhasa kusuka kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye, umuntu udinga isikhathi ukuze uthole kwaba lapho. Futhi akuseyona khona. Nokunye infinity, okuyinto uhlukanisa isikhala.

Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho sibuka ukundiza umcibisholo. Kubonakala kithi (sisangulukile ngako), ukuthi ihamba. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi boom kuyinto (ukuphumula) ngesikhathi esithile isikhala. Ngakho-ke, lokho esikubonayo awuhambisani nalokho angase abhekwe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi leyo mizwa yesibili, akukho ukunyakaza.

ubunye

Nokho, ngisho endulo kwakukhona ukugxekwa isitatimende kulezi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokumelene yeThestamente Eleatics wenza igunya abadumile Yezwe Lasendulo Aristotle. Govuza nefilosofi - ubunye nge space kanye nesikhathi - amangalelwe wayecabangisisa. Abanaso sodvwa. Ngakho-ke athutha zibahlukanise ku amaphuzu okungenamkhawulo - elingalungile kwakungenangqondo. Umhlaba oluyingozi, sibangelwa ngenxa ngxabano izici kanye nezimiso, futhi umphumela waleso lena ezininginingi. Ngakho, ukuhamba nokuthuthukiswa ifilosofi waqala zale mbali. Ubufakazi balokhu kwavela Yempucuko. Ngesikhathi esimisiwe ayekubona kuwumqondo omuhle kakhulu, ukuthi nenye yingoba wonke - isiba enkundleni komphefumulo noma ukuphila. Kugcine udlulele kuyo yonke khona. Ngisho ndaba lingcangcazekile, ngakho-ke eba.

umthombo

Nokho, ezikhathini zanamuhla zefilosofi aseqalile funa, yini ngesisekelo ukunyakaza. Kuthe kusenjalo bakhomba ndaba ndaba, kanti isixuku esikhulu sinikezwe inertia. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ungcono Kanti neqiniso lokuthi umuntu, ezinjengokuthi Nkulunkulu noma Ophezukonke, wenza "Isenzo sokuqala", bese zonke basungula iqhubekele imithetho emisiwe, wahluleka ucabange.

Ngenkathi mechanistic inkinga ukunyakaza ikakhulu wachaza ngokombono deism. Lena nomqondo wefilosofi, abambalwa iguqula theory enkolo ayethandwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu "waqala" yonke njengoba iwashi, ngakho iyona kuphela yomthombo wangempela ukunyakaza kuwo. Lichaza izizathu ushintsho esikhathini Newton kanye Hobbes. Kodwa lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi lo muntu Uphinde abhekwe into efana indlela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

izinto ezibonakalayo

Marxists futhi kakhulu kukhulunywa ngawe hambisa. Ababona, okokuqala kunakho konke, it bhunkula bono njengomthombo wangaphandle. Abamele lokhu kubukwa kuqala ukuthi ukunyakaza ifilosofi - kuba Imfanelo ka ndaba. I uqobo yokugcina ongumthombo wako. Singasho ukuthi it is self-eba ngoba eziphikisanayo lalo. I last push futhi wamkhuthaza ukuhambisa.

Movement of ndaba kungenxa nokuxhumana kokuqhathanisa ezahlukene. Ziyakwazi ukuthi sasiyini isizathu sokushintsha kwezimiso yayo eqondile. Matter - kuyinto lonke okungakwazi ubhujiswe. It kushintsha njalo. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba wehlukile ngakho. Uma kukhona kwenzeke ezinye izinqubo ukuthi musa ungashintsha isakhiwo into, bebizwa kugucuka ambalwa. Futhi uma into efanayo noma senzakalo ngaphakathi iguqulwe? Khona-ke lezi zinguquko shayela izinga.

ukwehluka

izinto ezibonakalayo Dialectical, wenza umqondo ukuthi uchaza izinhlobo ukunyakaza. Ngo ifilosofi Marxism kwaba ekuqaleni ezinhlanu zalezi zezinguquko - ukusuka kokulula kuya kokulukhuni ngaphezulu. Kukholakala ukuthi amafomu ethile ukunyakaza kubangele izinga into. Ziyakwazi umthombo imininingwane kulomhlaba imihlola.

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye liveza lezo zinhlobo ezinhlanu. It Mechanics, i-physics, i-chemistry, i-biology nezinqubo nomphakathi. Ngamunye wabo yayo yenethiwekhi impahla - umzimba, ama-athomu, amangqamuzana omoya, amaphrotheni, abantu emphakathini. Nokho, kamuva, ukuthuthukiswa isayensi elibonisayo ukuthi lokhu ngezigaba akuyona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela amafomu isakhi inhlangano ndaba wabonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza mechanical Okokuthola nzima, akulula. izinqubo Physical amazinga abo micro Macro. Kwavela ukuthi inhlangano ngayinye isakhi ndaba inezidingo wokwehlayo yayo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi isibalo izinhlobo ukunyakaza kwabo ivame infinity.

ukuthuthukiswa

Bobabili umama kanye nomphakathi ungaphakathi ushintsho njalo. Uma zihambisana, awushintsheki futhi qualitatively, bebizwa ukuthuthukiswa. Movement nentuthuko kakhulu ixhumeke nefilosofi. Eyesibili term ebanzi kwenani lokuqala, ngoba kukhona ukunyakaza ukuthi aliholeli ushintsho qualitative ezifana ukunyakaza. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa inamazinga eziningana kanye namagugu. Ngokwesibonelo, mayelana nendlela kwakukhona izwe, bayaphi, kukhona izincazelo basezinganekwaneni nezenkolo, hhayi nje ngokwesayensi.

Ekuqondeni izinto ezibonakalayo dialectical, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa njengoba intuthuko. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga le kwesakhiwo inhlangano inyuka, kuba nzima. Uma reverse kuyiqiniso, ibizwa ngokuthi ekuhlehleni. Kodwa lena futhi ukuthuthukiswa. Ngakho ngokuthi nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano ezinyakazayo ubunjalo umphakathi. It ngokuvamile ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwanoma yiliphi izinga jikelele universe.

Philosophy zokuphila

Ukuze eziphethweni. Izikole ezihlukahlukene umcabango ukunyakaza siqondwa ontologically, siyini isisekelo khona. Sivuma hhayi kuphela impahla semvelo sawo ndaba, kodwa futhi isimiso ubunye emhlabeni futhi umthombo ukwehlukana kwayo.

Govuza ifilosofi nenhlalakahle - zihlobene space kanye nesikhathi. It - hhayi kuphela imfanelo ndaba, kodwa futhi isisekelo ukuphila yemvelo, indoda kanye nomphakathi. Movement ukuphikisana nokungapheleli esakuzuza dialectic. Kuyinto kokubili ngokuphelele futhi kuqhathaniswa, oluyingozi oqine, kuyinto esikhathini esithile futhi angakwenzi. Ngo yesimanje ontology ukunyakaza liphinde uhlobo enhle. Kuyinto umbuzo izinqubo subjective emhlabeni komuntu. Mhlawumbe lena ukunyakaza ukuthi Goethe esikhulu esagcina sele sibizwa injabulo.