Friction - lokhu ingenye imiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu Dynamics. Wazini ngaye?

Phakathi neminyaka ayichitha esikoleni, osebangeni wesikhombisa noma yesishiyagalombili, kwaba yilowo nalowo bajwayelane umqondo omusha physics ashukumisayo - ukuhilizisana. Kodwa abaningi, njengoba abadala, ukhohlwe ukuba kuvele ukungezwani okunjalo nokuthi lokhu amandla nemisebenzi. Ake sizame ukuqonda lesi sihloko.

Inchazelo

Friction - into ukuthi uhlanganisa zincazelo: Lapho izindikimba ezimbili kukhona nabo nomunye endaweni contact yakha ukuxhumana ekhethekile evimbela emizimbeni aqhubeke isihlobo komunye nomunye. Kusobala ukuthi singakuthola ukubala ukubaluleka nokuxhumana lezi zindikimba. Amandla kokukhuhlana ngemva nje lesi simo futhi ephawula quantitatively. Lapho ngomshikisho kwenzeka ngaphakathi kweenhlangano okuqinile (isib nokuxhumana incwadi nge incwadi eshalofini noma itafula nge apula), khona-ke ukuxhumana okunjalo ngokuthi ngomshikisho ezomile.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukungqubuzana - uyidwala i nature kagesi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbangela lokhu amabutho budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye izinhlayiya ezenza kuwumzimba ethile.

Kuyini ngomshikisho?

Ngenxa ukwehluka ekhona ezweni lethu lezinto, ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi ngamunye wabo isakhiwo ayo futhi anezakhi ngabanye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kube khona ukusebenzisana phakathi izifundo ezahlukene zizohluka. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda efanele essence isixazululo afanele izinkinga eziningi eziphathelene ne-physics kuyinto ukuhlukana evamile ezintathu izinhlobo friction. Ngakho, sichaza ngasinye:

• Ukungqubuzana lokuqala - lokhu ngomshikisho lokuphumula, okwenzeka lapho kungekho ukunyakaza eyisihlobo izindikimba ezimbili. Singabona izibonelo ke yonke indawo, ngenxa yokuthi amandla eyenziwe kule friction, ligcina izinto ngo balance. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpahla kwi-ezihambayo ibhande, nail ayisa odongeni, noma umuntu emi phansi.
• Esishelelayo ngomshikisho - a ngomshikisho yesibili okunemibandela. Slip ukubaluleka kunqunywa ukuze kuthi lapho umzimba ngenkathi zilingana, amandla sisetshenziswa ukuthi mkhulu amandla friction static, amandla iqala ukwenza ngokuhambisa friction, futhi umzimba liyasuswa endaweni.
• Ekugcineni, ngomshikisho ugingqe echaza nokuxhumana izindikimba ezimbili, enye yazo Rolls phezu kwenye. Umehluko ukungqubuzana ugingqe ngokuhambisa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi noma yikuphi ukunyakaza endaweni umzimba nazo ezilahlekelwe kanye ubude ebusweni yoxhumana nabo, futhi esikhundleni ngobugebengu akhiwa izibopho entsha aphakathi. Futhi esimweni lapho eshelela isondo ngaphandle ilele, izibopho yamangqamuzana nge wheel lift izingxenye eziphukile ngokushesha okuningi kunalokho lapho beya. It kuvela ukuthi amandla friction ugingqe lingaphansi kuka amabutho beya.

Kuphi futhi kanjani ungasebenzisa ukungqubuzana?

Friction - iyona mkhuba kubalulekile, ngaphandle okuyinto besingeke sikwazi ukwenza izinto eziyisisekelo: ukuhamba, ahlale noma nje ukugcina izinto ezandleni zabo. Ngakho musa kalula ukubaluleka friction. Ngo amazwi physics French Guillaume: "Ungabi friction, umhlaba wethu kungaba ngaphandle maholoholo, kuyoba zifana neconsi ewuketshezi."

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke ukuthi uchaza iningi ngokunembile ukungqubuzana - iwumsebenzi amasondo. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo ke kwaphawuleka ukuthi amabutho kweqa ngomshikisho incane kakhulu ukwedlula elislayidayo ngomshikisho amabutho. Kuyinto inzuzo elingenakuphikwa friction ugingqe kwaba isizathu, abantu baqala ukubeka lokungena noma ezinamasondo ukuhambisa wezimpahla esindayo futhi oversized. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo mayelana izakhiwo ngendlela emangalisayo kweqa friction, ngilugcinile ukunyakaza lezinto ngaphansi kwethonya amabutho kokukhuhlana, futhi ekugcineni yasungulwa isondo! Ezweni lanamuhla akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuphila ngaphandle kulezi zingxenye ezibalulekile, ngoba amasondo - lena "izinjini" yesibili kwanoma iyiphi imoto!

Kanjani ukubala ukubaluleka ibutho ngomshikisho?

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye amandla, amandla friction inamanani inamba. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ngokunembile kangakanani amandla liyadingeka ukuhambisa noma ezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukubala amandla friction static. Lokhu kuvamise abathintekayo onjiniyela, lapho, isibonelo, ukwakha izimboni, noma benze amadivayisi amasha. Nokho, abafundi ngisho abavamile nazo yizinselelo, lapho ufuna ukubala amandla ukuhilizisana. Ngakho, ukubala inani layo, nje udinga ukusebenzisa ifomula elula: F _ngomshikisho = K * N, lapho k - iyona Coefficient friction. Okwakushiwo zonke okuza kuncike njalo phezu kwento, esishukumisela noma baxhumana umzimba. "N" emzimbeni ikufomula yethu phansi yokusabela force. It kuncike ngokuyinhloko esisindo, okuyinto nabo ebusweni ukwesekwa.

Thina ukubala ukubaluleka amandla inkinga

Lokucabanga m = isisindo emzimbeni 3 kg ivuliwe ibhodi ovundlile. Coefficient friction phakathi kwebhodi ukhuni umzimba 0.3. Kanjani uthola ukubaluleka ibutho friction? Kakhulu elula, kuphela kudingeka kushintshwe amagugu ethu ku ifomula. Kuphela ke kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi kuleli cala N ilingana esisindo (umthetho wesi-3 Newton). Ngakho, amandla oyifunayo uyalingana (m * g) * k = ( 3 * 10 kg m / s ²⁾ * 0.3 = 9 H.