INdlu namaqhubu. Riga, Latvia: incazelo, umlando kanye nokubuyekeza

Imiphakathi lenzalo noma uhlobo umsebenzi kuhambisana emlandweni wesintu. Kujamela nokuvikela amalungelo abo kulula uthanda abanomqondo ofanayo iqembu, lapho ungathola njalo zonke izinhlobo ukwesekwa. Uma inhlangano, ukuze, wokubambisana uye babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka imisebenzi yabo, impumelelo sasingagwemeki. Ngo sokukhula nokuchuma united umphakathi isebenza ukuze azuzise indawo lapho maphakathi izithakazelo zabo. Ngakho-ke wabaphakamisa, igcwele tinganekwane umlando Malta, sibonga Knights of Order of Malta wathola ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho umphakathi awuzange kubhekwe.

ubuzalwane

Ukuthuthukiswa nokuchuma Riga wenza umnikelo omkhulu i the Order of the namaqhubu. Naphezu igama lingalingani, amalungu omphakathi babehlanganiswe isithakazelo ukuhweba, okuyinto ukuhambisa bese ukuhambisa zonke ezaziwayo. E Riga, njalo isihambi nakanjani bawe phezu Town Hall Square, lapho isakhiwo flaunts a izakhiwo unique - iNdlu namaqhubu.

Ekhulwini le-14 kwakukhona kakade abahwebi Community e Riga, abanobunye Guild Omkhulu. Lalinama Movers kanye nabahamba besikhathi sakhe, babehola ukuphila umzimba, uhwebo lwalubalulekile nekhotho: uhlanganyela kwezinye izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga for Wholesalers esikhulu, bese yenza okudayisa ehlelekile. Isikhathi kwaba matasa, futhi ukuba uvakashele amanye amazwe umkhiqizo akuphephile isikhathi eside, ngisho kungekho isiqinisekiso londoloza impilo, ingasaphathwa inzuzo kusukela izimpahla. Kodwa zikhona njalo labo uyazimisela futhi uyakwazi ukwenza izinto eziyingozi, ngoba inzuzo kusukela wholesale laliqongelelwe kaningana.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle abadayisi sedentary ke Ujoyine umphakathi ibhizinisi ukuhlela ngempumelelo, nakuba ibhizinisi okuyingozi. Babemunye Order wathatha nomvikeli wabo Saint of Mauritius. Ngokokulandisa, oNgcwele kuvezwa abamnyama. Inganekwane ethile ithi iqhawe Mauritius kwadingeka umsuka Ethiopia bamukela ubuKristu futhi washumayela kuwo, ngoba ahlupheka. abangcwele abagcotshwa ubhale imifanekiso, eqondiswa umbala kwesikhumba bakhe beqiniso, zithombe engavamile ukuba amehlo European - isithombe amnyama nengemuva elikhanyayo. Njengoba i the Order of abahwebi ezulazulayo lethiwa, kamuva elaba igama elisemthethweni ubuzalwane - Order of the namaqhubu.

Indlu Order

Ubuzalwane ngokuya isikhathi sabo kwakusengathi lempi nge isimiso ecacile, isigaba sabaphathi kanye nokusebenza okuyingozi ku ukudlula izimpahla. Amalungu umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo kungaba abangashadile izinsizwa, ikakhulukazi ayezalelwe Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bagcina yayihlanganiswa umphakathi, Riga, inqobo ngokwabo imikhaya yawo kanye nemizi. Ukuze babe iviyo lalo lemikhumbi yempi siqu, ngempumelelo aphebeze pirates, yayishaya kwaya emazweni akude ezingavamile, ngokuletha yinto eyivela kancane futhi kuyabiza. Ukuze zokuhweba, inhlangano edingekayo ukubeka namaqhubu e 1477 aqashiwe phansi phezulu izindlu ezintsha ezakhiwe Guild of netingcweti temsebenti.

Yebo, ukuqongelela izibopho, bofeleba netinhlavu nizuza nomthelela emphakathini Blackface Bachitha izimali ezishisiwe bethenga ukuhlobisa isakhiwo, kancane kancane ngokuba abalimi main. Wabanikeza eziningi izintandokazi kanye nenkululeko ukusebenzisa zonke izindawo. Ngemva kwesikhashana ngesikhathi Riga umkhandlu wedolobha endlini wanikezwa igama elisha - iNdlu namaqhubu eRiga. Usuku Exchange wasebenza kwakugqamuka, ngenkathi kusihlwa ahlelwe amabhola, amakhonsathi, imikhosi, ezisemadolobheni kanye nemicimbi indondo.

ukuvivinya

Riga kwaba yokuhlala oyinhloko umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo, kodwa umsebenzi zokuhweba edingekayo omunye ukumelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1517 wavula Indlu Brotherhood of namaqhubu eTallinn. Kusasele iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu ukhona, isakhiwo yaphinde yakhiwa, kabusha, ujoyine izakhiwo angomakhelwane. Kodwa namuhla ibizwa ngokuthi behlonipha abanikazi engcono - House of the namaqhubu. Tallinn ilondoloza ngokucophelela izakhiwo lesikhumbuzo. Okwamanje, i-chamber amakhonsathi kanye izinkambo isakhiwo.

Kodwa lamabutho enkulu, lapho lwenziwe wonke Inqubomgomo omphakathi, kwaba Riga Indlu namaqhubu (Riga, Latvia). Ukwenza iminikelo okukhulu emzini ka-emathempelini, ekuthuthukiseni isiko, namaqhubu ingqalasizinda leli dolobha kanzima emzini wakhe, nokuhlanganisa isikhundla sabo emphakathini. Teaming up Big Guild, kuya maphakathi nekhulu le-16, Order odlale indima yokuhola ukuphila edolobheni. Ngaphandle kwakhe ngaphandle kwenkokhiso, akukho zizivikele bahlaseli, noma ukuguqulwa zezombusazwe ngesikhathi kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni. Esikhathini 19 lombhalo ekhulwini umphakathi ulahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwalo, ne-oda kabusha umthengisi club German, okuyinto yayikhona kuze 1939.

impi elimazayo

Indlu Brotherhood of namaqhubu labhujiswa ngokuphelele phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Izindlu mnyuziyamu watercolors eziningana 1945, okuyinto imibukiso wabhubhisa Riga Town Hall Square. Siyazi isikhathi cishe lapho igobolondo ishayise isakhiwo - wahlala ezinkulu iwashi Ukudayela ekhaya, futhi ngaleso sikhathi uzokwaziswa bema 8:30. Ekuseni ngo-June 29, 1941 isisebenzi zeNdlu uzama ukulondoloza ingxenye ifa komlando Riga, wazala izingalo i Antique clock face.

INdlu namaqhubu hhayi kuphela ubhujiswe, kodwa abaningi baphanga abaphangi. Impahla kanye kwakungekaNkulunkulu bobuzalwane, futhi manje Riga, namanje kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa kuyingxenye ukuqoqwa esebuyile. Ngakho, ngo-Museum embukisweni iqoqo isinemfu amabhokisi, 118 izingcezu esakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukene: Igolide, lesiliva, ithambo. Imibukiso ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene okuye kwenziwa-Russia, eJalimane, eNgilandi futhi wanikela ubuzalwane.

yokutakula

Ngemva kuka-1945, i-namaqhubu House akabange esaba. Akukona ukugcina ulwazi olunembile, indlela ayebukeka ngayo ngaphambi kokubhujiswa kwalo. Indawo pretty ezingenalutho isikhathi eside, sebenqume isakhiwo emva yokufuna ukuzibusa Latvia e-1996. Ngenhlanhla walondoloza izinhlelo ingaphakathi, hhayi izithombe omnandi kakhulu, imidwebo, abaklami abaculi 19-20 eminyaka. ucwaningo Archaeological avunyelwe ukucacisa indawo esiqondile isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva waqala.

Indlu yanamuhla namaqhubu ngobukhulu kuvumelana endaweni yomlando, isiqinisekiso lena isisekelo sendlu ubudala futhi walondoloza kusukela ekwakhiweni yokuqala phansi egumbini. Ukubeka egumbini elifana ne amasampuli wokwakha kwekhulu le-14, wathola endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi iLatvia.

Umklamo esiyingqayizivele olungaphambili lwesonto

Izimpendulo ezivela izivakashi ngokuvakashela eRiga, namaqhubu House kwenza okuvelayo. Lonke Ukwakheka iyona Town Hall Square ugcizelela Luhambo leli dolobha main - iNdlu ubuzalwane kanye abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Sekuyisikhathi eside lesi sakhiwo olunye lwezimpawu komuzi nokuziqhenya Riga. olungaphambili lwesonto Restored weNdlu umema ukhumbule izakhiwo zakuqala-Gothic eYurophu. Kusihlwa, olungaphambili lwesonto eziklanywe ovuthayo ubiza ukubheka izimfihlo yomlando kanye mists isikhathi, kanye izimemo ukuya ngaphakathi, eziphonsa ezweni kwenye inkathi.

Ukwakheka sculptural ngezihluthu kuhlanganisa izibalo ezine: Neptune - umbusi wezilwandle, Mercury - the usanta abathengisi nabahambi, ubunye nokuthula. Phezulu olungaphambili lwesonto kukhona iwashi, bona, kanye ebaziwe, gqizisa olungaphambili lwesonto kuze 1941. Manje, iwashi ngogesi, kodwa akusho kunganciphisa inani ngothando abuyiselwe lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo. Imifanekiso phezu olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo amelela hhayi kuphela onkulunkulu - lapho bexhuma isikhathi kanye namagugu; Iwashi elikhulu kuboniswe ngophawu imizuzu hhayi kuphela, basuke ejikeleza iplanethi futhi izimpawu zodiac nemibhalo eqoshiwe igcinwe incazelo imfihlo, ukwazi ukuthi ochwepheshe kuphela ulimi hermetic Kabbalah. izimfihlo eziningi kufihlwe izimpawu ukubaza, amajazi izikhali olungaphambili lwesonto, zonke izitolo zabo iNdlu namaqhubu. Umuzi Riga umema okuseduzane nokuxazulula ngamunye wabo.

ingaphakathi nokufakwa

Cabanga olungaphambili lwesonto zikanokusho weNdlu hhayi ukuya ngaphakathi akunakwenzeka, uma ukhuluma nayo ngokuzibulala zonke izivakashi. Lapho, ngaphakathi, bavula ulwazi olusha: ngibunjwa esidlule nezamanje, ukunikeza umbono ephelele lokho Indlu namaqhubu, indima Brotherhood ekuthuthukisweni Riga sika. Umhlobiso igumbi ngalinye ihlukile abuyiselwe ngobuciko esiphezulu.

Esitezi kukhona igumbi yokuphathwa, kanti eyesibili - namakamelo abanzi ngaphezulu. Omunye wabo - kweHholo LoMhlangano eLübeck, yigama egumbini wathola ngesikhathi ukugubha iminyaka engu-800th of Riga. Lapha ungajabulela canvas imitha ezine-ibekwe nge-panorama of eLübeck, igumbi kuye nje neyasemhlabeni. Lapho, esitezi sesibili, ungavakashela Salon Small, Latvian Hall nge nemibukiso yobuhlanga, ukuhamba izitebhisi yokuxhuma endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi kanye esitezi sesibili nge ukufinyelela kwaleli Hholo LoMhlangano. Izimpendulo ezivela izivakashi yazo zonke ukudansela isiginci sakhe aphinde iNdlu namaqhubu eRiga. Umlando isakhiwo uhlukile futhi uheha ukuza lapha ukuze uthole izimfihlo gcwalisa.

ihholo Assembly

Imikhakha enkulu yendlu - iHholo LoMhlangano. It elibamba amabhola dancing, wamukela izivakashi ovelele, izikhulu zonke eYurophu. Khona-ke wavakashela uPetru mina nge Serene yakhe Highness Prince Aleksandrom Menshikovym, a Carnival omangalisayo wanikezwa behlonipha uCatherine II. Leli hholo badle idili no-ababephucwe eKing William III yasePrussia nomkakhe noLouise.

Umhlobiso ekamelweni ngokuphelele futhi namuhla, iphindwa wezangaphakathi mlando. Heavy zekristalu ukunikeza solemnity kanye nezimagqabhagqabha iyona ka izinhlansi ezindongeni ihholo elikhulu. Phezu kodonga eningizimu akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphela ijazi elikhulu izingalo Order of the namaqhubu, obuye anesithombe ophahleni kokuqanjiwe. ophahleni Painted, yakhelwe umoya Rococo, kuhlanganisa izimpawu bobuzalwane, umfanekiso St Mauritius, ethola umqhele umfire ka nenkazimulo yaphakade. izinto Ifenisha engumfanekiso esiqondile onobuhle emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, lapho ihholo idili ukunikeza amakhonsathi osaziwayo emhlabeni ngesikhathi sakhe.

art engcwele

Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, abaqambi abadumile ezazisemizini izindonga zeNdlu namaqhubu, ogama amakhonsathi waphumelela kakhulu emphakathini sibonge. Rihar Wagner olwenziwa orchestra ran House kusukela 1837 kuze 1839, lapho abangu-lokuqala wenza eminye yemisebenzi yakhe. Njengoba umqhubi, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wabonakala kwenye umqambi ovelele - Hector Berlioz.

Izindonga ahlotshiswe eni of the izivakashi Festival Hall zihlukaniswa ekhaya. ekumeni Original ngesineke ngu Vigilius Eriksen futhi Aleksandra Roslina, ekumeni ngaphambili umdwebi wabhala eSikole IsiSwidi of 17-18 eminyaka. Abashona okwangempela kwathathelwa indawo yaso, lapho umculi wasebenza Andris Zachests. I busts eziyisishiyagalombili bomculo ezinkulu kuhlobisa ezitebhisini Festive Hall. Sebebuyela ezihlalweni zabo ngemva kokubuyiselwa umhlobiso ingaphakathi zeNdlu namaqhubu.

Umuzi Riga othambekele uyaziqhenya ukubukeka abuyiselwe we Town Hall Square, lapho kukhona khona indawo zomlando kwaba lesikhumbuzo yomlando kanye izakhiwo - Order of the namaqhubu House.