Francis Bret Harte: Biography, izincwadi, izithombe

Njengoba ukufa umlobi odumile Bret Harte kwaba khona eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu. Kodwa imisebenzi yakhe kulotshiwe 60-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX kuze kube manje ezibaluleke nomphakathi jikelele.

Amaqiniso aziwayo kusuka biography of umbhali American

Agasti 25, 1836 ku State of New York e Albany wazalwa Francis Bret Harte - umlobi odumile nephrozi namaqiniso futhi izinkondlo. Yena yethiwa kumkhulu wakhe. uyise Francis sasisebenza njengomfundisi weZwi isiGreki ngaleso sikhungo. Kusukela esemncane Bret Harte ayekuthanda ukufunda izincwadi. Wayethanda imisebenzi abalobi ezifana uShakespeare, Dumas, Dickens, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki ukuthonywa umsebenzi wakhe.

Ngo-1845, lapho eneminyaka engu-9 kuphela ubudala, uyise eshona. Umndeni kwavela izinkinga zezimali eziye zaholela ekubeni ubone izinguquko njalo lapho uhlala khona. Umbhali wafunda esikoleni kuze yobudala 13, bese ithole umabhalane ukuze baziphilise bese yondla umndeni wayo.

Unina, okwesibili washada, ngo-1854, Bret Harte wayohlala naye California eSan Francisco, lapho kowezi-rush igolide. Kulomuzi, umbhali kwadingeka ukuba uthole uthisha kanye usokhemisi, courier futhi newspaperman. Waphinde waba uthisha emizini yabazalwane, intatheli kanye prospector.

Qala umsebenzi yetemibhalo

Imisebenzi e-San Francisco at Umagazini wase-California avunyelwe Bret ukushicilela izindaba zabo okokuqala e-1856-m. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva waya Uniontown beyofuna ukuphila okungcono, kuhlelwe ukushicilelwa "Notern California" kusho intatheli. Kodwa kuleli dolobha umbhali American ayihlalanga isikhathi eside. Wayefanele ukubuyela e-San Francisco kudala njengoba 1860, ngenxa ukushicilelwa ihlazo ekubulaweni ezingaphezu kuka-50 amaNdiya eduze Mud emfuleni.

Lapho efika California waqala ukusebenza njengonjiniyela umlobi iphephandaba "Golden Era" Typewriting, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wayephenywa avunyelwe bangibhalele yakhe. Ngakho, ngaphansi umbhali izihloko baqala ukuvela isignesha - Bret Harte.

Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu, umlobi wahlanganyela ukushicilelwa izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu ngasekuqaleni 70-yalolucwaningo we umagazini Western American Overland nyanga zonke ( "Overland yanyanga zonke"), bese wathola udumo. Ngo-1871 Gart Bret uphuma California kube kuhle kimi. Uyaqhubeka uhambo Eastern Melika nase-Canada. Njengoba beqhubeka nohambo, ubapha izinkulumo, okuncike inkinga isimo California.

Ekugcineni, lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi amane nambili, Bret Hart kwesokunxele US futhi wathuthela eYurophu. Umlobi wazama yena indima inxusa American eJalimane nase UK - emizini Krefeld futhi Glasgow. Meyi 5, 1902, lapho ngineminyaka engu-66 Gart Bret washona ngo-London.

Eyokuqala ezaziwayo

Umhlaba umbhali waseMelika odumile Francis Bret Harte waliyisa "California Stories". Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, wayehumusha imibhalo enengqondo. Umbhali wancika amaqiniso olunembile eladonsa ububanzi baqaphelise umphakathi ngokungabi umsebenzi wakhe.

Ukuhlala e-San Francisco, Bret Harte, ogama izincwadi isikhathi sethu ukuba inani Amazing, wabhala imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke. Ngo-1870 wakhipha umqulu iqoqo onesihloko esithi "Injabulo Roaring Camp". Le ncwadi iqukethe izindaba ezifana: "Mliss", "bedingisiwe Poker Flat," "Lobuqaba Wang Li". izinhlamvu asetshenzisiwe kule izindaba akuzona futhi eziqanjiwe ukuze idealized. Umlobi kubonakala amaqiniso ukuphila kwangempela baseMelika ngesikhathi rush igolide eCalifornia.

Isebenza akaphumeleli

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba Bret Hart kwesokunxele California, waqala ukuhlushwa i-acute block komlobi. Kodwa, ukuba kwelinye izwe, umlobi wayengacabangi ukufinyelela nezinto ezidingekayo imisebenzi yabo. Omunye amanoveli okuhamba phambili umlobi nesazi ngasekupheleni kuyinto "Gabriel Conroy", ebhalwe ngo-1876. Leli qoqo lihlanganisa izindaba ezifana "Clarence", "asemaqeleni foundling" futhi "Suzy". Phakathi nale nkathi, Hart wakhulula play "Ababili the Sandy Bar". Bekanye Mark Twain, wabhala indaba "A Sin". Le misebenzi abaphumelelanga.

udumo akamuva umbhali American yaphenduka ukugxekwa ngonya. Umngani wakhe uMarku Tven wathi: "Sexy and bejabule Bret Harte wafa e-Goli!" Kusukela 1878, umlobi "California izindaba mayelana Gold Umvukuzi 'wahlupheka crisis engqondo futhi zezimali. Waqhubeka ukusebenza e-Europe, hhayi sokunaka yempilo engeyinhle, kodwa ayikwazanga impumelelo ekuseni.

imisebenzi abadumile

Abaningi inoveli Garth babe paradigmatic. He is owaloba izincwadi: "Lo tramps ezintathu kusuka Trinidad", "Thola izinkanyezi shining '," Esmeralda enamadwala canyon izindaba. ".

Kodwa udumo lokuqala nenkazimulo umbhali ilethe indaba "Injabulo Roaring Camp", okuyinto usuthandwa hhayi kuphela e-America, kodwa futhi ngalé kwemingcele yayo. Encwadini yakhe ethi, Bret Harte echazwe indaba isihawu ezenzeka omunye imiphakathi yaseCalifornia phakathi abavukuzi igolide. Isitshela ngensizwa indlela ngisho izinxushunxushu kwabakhileyo emzaneni kanye nesidakwa anakekela ingane, ngubani wasala uyintandane.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ngenxa le ndaba, umphakathi waseMelika okuthiwa Bret Harte umbhali ngelezizwe, "American ezimbi". Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe ngesivinini Amazing kwaduma e-Europe, base lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi.