US isishoshovu Inthanethi Aroni Swartz: Biography, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo. I Ngokuphila Nokufa Aarona Shvartsa

abantu Brilliant ngaso sonke isikhathi, zazivame bengayiqondi bangesikhathi sakhe, futhi ephukile ngokoqobo iwumbuso ovelele. Umlando uyakhumbula eziningi izibonelo ezinjalo, enye yazo-US Inthanethi isishoshovu Aroni Swartz. Walwa ngokuba ukufinyelela khulula olwazini, wafuna ukwenza umehluko ngomqondo ngokwesayensi. Nokho, isiphetho wamnika isikhathi sakho esiningi futhi izithiyo eziningi kakhulu endleleni ...

biography

Aarona Shvartsa Indaba iqala Novemba 8, 1986, eChicago. Wazalwa futhi wakhulela emndenini ka umsunguli inkampani ikhompyutha - Roberta Shvartsa. Ngaphandle kwakhe, emkhayeni othile wayenabantwana ababili: abafowabo Ben noNowa. Kodwa u-Aroni kusukela zisencane babonisa isithakazelo ngo konke entsha. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu wafunda ukufunda, futhi kamuva kahle kwikhompyutha kanye izinhlelo. Ngokusho umndeni wakhe, ukuze ufunde noma yimiphi, lo mfana ngokwanele ukufunda nokuhlola izincwadi ezimbalwa, futhi wayekulungele ukufundisa ngokwakho izisekelo zabo ezincwadini zabanye. Asinakusho ukuthi prodigy esincane sasikanye ezikhukhumezayo, kodwa ikhono lakhe lengqondo hit bambeka manqikanqika othisha.

kumiswa

Yiqiniso, iminyaka engu-7 ka-Aroni Swartz mina kakade kwadingeka impela wemithwalo osindayo ulwazi (ikakhulukazi, e computer science), ngakho-ke kwakunzima kuye ukuba phakathi ontanga ngendlela imfundo esikoleni esivamile. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana waba khona esikoleni yangasese esifundazweni sase-Illinois, edolobhaneni Winnetka. Nokho, kwakungasho neze ukuthi ivumelane inqubo yemfundo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wesikole kuyize futhi kuphela uchitha isikhathi, ezicezile into ebaluleke nakakhulu kuye. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-14, Shvarts Aroni ngokusemthethweni kuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphakeme waphonseka izwe Internet kanye cyberculture.

Wabhalisa e-Stanford University, kodwa kamuva ngonyaka wamshiya. Ngo nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kokuhlala kwakhe lapho, wenza izinguquko eziningi e-sesimanje izinhlaba, sithome cataloguer umtapo ziphethe ukufinyelela mechanical abafundi egumbini.

Esinye sezizathu esenza Aroni wayishiya phansi iyunivesithi, kwaba "ukuhlukana digital." Yena wayengumbulali umhlaziyi omkhulu futhi nongoti wokuzilimaza imfundo, ngakhoke ayebhekwa izivimbelo badlale ukufinyelela ulwazi lwesayensi okukhona emhlabeni. Lokho-ke odlulela intsha ukungena emanyuvesi, ukuze babe unelungelo lokukhalaza a zomlando ezikhethekile electronic. Aaron Swartz wabona lokhu izisusa kwezomnotho, ngakho-ke, kubekwe ukushintsha uhlelo.

umsebenzi okhokhelwayo

Ukushiya Stanford, uMklami oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala Rents efulethini futhi waqala ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi sakhe - i portal ulwazi, ngokuthi Infogami. Ukukhokhela inikezwe Summer Abasunguli Uhlelo, okwakubekelwa ezihlinzekwa ibhizinisi dolobha ngokuqinile Y Combinator.

Kamuva, ngosizo lwezimali okufanayo utshalomali Isikhwama Aroni Swartz idale inkundla Infogami, okuyinto yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo web.ru amasayithi Vulekile Library. Le projekthi kwaba ngempela beziphakamisa nokuqaliswa kwalo idinga Schwartz kwaba umsizi, umlingani. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2005 kwanqunywa ukuba sihlanganise Infogami tenhlalakahle izindaba site Reddit. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-abasha ubuhlakani Inthanethi neminyaka engu-19 ubudala. It ebekwa ezamukelwe ngu ithimba ukusebenza program professional. Kodwa ehhovisi azange abe ukusebenzela Schwartz umphefumulo. Wabhala ngalokhu kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe blog yakhe siqu. "Izindonga grey, amatafula grey futhi grey umsindo" ngokoqobo zamyisa crazy. Khona-ke wanquma isinyathelo esidinga isibindi.

Reddit wabasunguli Aroni Swartz ligcizelele awuhambanga ukusebenza futhi wathumela ozakwabo isithombe isikipha okudweba nombhalo othi "Kukhishwe» (Fired). Ngemva kwalokho, wathengisa esigxotsheni lakhe ukushicilela indlu Condé Nast, kanye nezinzuzo atshalwe ukuthuthukiswa kwenye isevisi - wabathengi. Le phrojekthi ezintsha isibe onalo data mayelana nezinqubomgomo US, eyayibonakala eqoqwe emithonjeni etholakalayo. Nokho, namuhla isayithi kodwa angasebenzi.

yobushoshovu

Ngo-2010, u-Aroni Swartz eyasungulwa Demand Inqubekela iqembu amalungelo esintu. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba ukuba alwe ukucwaninga Inthanethi, ne ukwephula inkululeko Inthanethi. Iqembu obala ngokuthi abantu kuwebhu ukuthonya Congress futhi abaholi bezombusazwe, wabutha lwezikhalazo, ngifuna asizakale emandleni futhi basakaza ulwazi mayelana kwekuhlela kabusha uhulumeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi le yobushoshovu zombusazwe uMklami.

Ukunqoba phezu uSopa

Isiqongo yalo msebenzi Schwartz kwaba umkhankaso ngokumelene uSopa (Stop Online ukudunwa Mthetho). Ngo Congress, kukhona umbuzo mayelana nokwamukelwa yomthetho entsha ku cybersquatting. Yiqiniso, ukuma kwayo kakhulu inkululeko abasebenzisa i-Internet. Ngalesi izindaba umphakathi uye asabela ngayo ngempela eqolo. Futhi zonke ngenxa yemizamo ye Schwartz nabangane bakhe eqenjini. Abhikisha emigwaqweni, izinkulungwane zabantu nge funa ukuyeka umthethosivivinywa omusha. Izinhlu Congress abavowudele "ngoba", Kwasakazwa ngokushesha, futhi kamuva waba nendima ongathandeki osopolitiki umsebenzi. Icala yaphela nge ekunqobeni Schwartz.

icala enkantolo

Umsebenzi onjengalona akakuthandanga uhulumeni wase-US, ngakho-FBI isungule Ukugada uMklami. Futhi ngo-2011 bakwazi ukuze bambambe ukulanda amafayela ngomphathi-University of Massachusetts umtapo inethiwekhi ngesevisi eyimfihlo yesayensi izincwadi JSTOR. Eqinisweni, ukuziphatha kwakhe akuzange kube icala elibomvu. Ukuze ufinyelele izihloko, umsebenzisi kwakufanele bakhokhe ngokubhalisa. Aaron Swartz waya usike emakhoneni futhi amaseva ebucayini. Yini ayehlose ukukwenza izincwadi, akwaziwa. Cishe, uwafake ukufinyelela evulekile. Kodwa selokhu bafaka icala enkantolo, bonke kwakudingeka kulandwe izinto zokwakha ukubuyela emthonjeni wokuqala. Nakuba JSTOR babengenalo iyazihlonipha uMklami, wayesalokhu wabekwa icala waphinde waboshwa. Nokho, maduzane nje, uKristu ungaphandle ngebheyili Dollars ayizinkulungwane 100. of.

Kodwa kulesi senzakalo abayekanga Schwartz, futhi ngokushesha waqala umsebenzi isevisi entsha Dead Drop. Kwakuyisikhathi evikelwe ulwazi lesiteshi izintatheli abafisa melanani netinyatselo ngekwemtsetfo, kodwa engaziwa.

Ngo-September 2012, u-Aroni Schwartz ezwa ukuthi kunjalo athweswe wona isivaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube ukwephula ngaphambili efakwe ohlwini ungeze izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu (isibonelo, i-imeyili ukukhwabanisa ngocingo kanye umonakalo evikelwe ikhompyutha). Manje ebhekana iminyaka engu-35 ebhadla ejele futhi ahlawuliswe omunye izigidi zamaRandi.

ukufa

Maphakathi noJanuwari 2013 kwaba ozoba enkantolo ngesikhathi icala Schwartz. Abazali, abangani kanye ummeli wakhe Babeqiniseka ukuthi uwine futhi akukho isijeziso izolandela, njengoba isimo ngokwayo okubangelwa impendulo enamandla yomphakathi. Futhi abantu abaningi abanethonya wafika ukuzivikela isishoshovu Inthanethi. Nokho, umbono yokunqunyelwa okungenzeka inkululeko ukuyiveza Schwartz.

Januwari 11, 2013 watholakala eshonile eBrooklyn efulethini lakhe. Ukuzibulala ungungqondongqondo ikhompyutha (Aroni Swartz silengiswe yibhande jeans) kwaba njengendlela ukushaqeka kulo lonke izwe. Futhi nakuba e blog yakhe siqu, wamthinta ngokuphindaphindiwe kule, isifiso ukushintsha izwe futhi bomele inkululeko kolwazi kwakubonakala donsile. Nokho, ngakho wathatha ukuphila kwakhe Aroni Swartz. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa uye washaqeka zonke owayazi buchopho. Abaseduze ngokuqinisekile ukugxekana uhulumeni wase-US ngo isenzo yayo yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Ukucindezelwa ingxenye yabo, ngokusobala, sasinamandla kakhulu.

umbono abantu besikhathi

Ngemva konyaka, idokhumentari ngokuthi "I-Internet-umfana sathathwa ngemva kwale nhlekelele. Umlando Aarona Shvartsa. " It inkanyezi izihlobo uMklami, owakhuluma obala mayelana ubuhlakani Inthanethi, futhi izizathu kokufa kwakhe. Ngokusho umbono ezivamile, Shvarts Aroni Waba isisulu ohlelweni US kwezombangazwe, okwakusho wawusebenzisa njengesiphetho isibonelo ukusebenzisa igunya lakhe. Eqinisweni, akukho emthethweni, angawenzanga. Ukulanda amadokhumenti kusuka JSTOR, uMklami ngeke balimaza ubani, futhi ayizange ithole inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa uhulumeni wase-US, Kulokhu sengathi ukudlala ezandleni, ukuze bahlanganise ukubusa yayo esikhaleni Inthanethi.

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi ngemva kokufa Schwartz sika, kakhulu ukuthi afike ngezenzo zakhe, kuba izinyanga 6 ekoloni lokujeziswa. Kodwa becindezelwa ngokwengqondo kakhulu, FBI ukubhekwa nokulinganiselwa inkululeko ngoba Unicode abasha lalibalulekile.

Buhlungu kwaba ukukhashelwa-Massachusetts Institute of Administration (mit), eyabonakala qakala kunjalo Schwartz. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa futhi ucindezelwa iziphathimandla.

Le filimu "Izingane kwe-inthanethi. Umlando Aarona Shvartsa "(elinye igama) ukuthi bahlolwe emkhosini ezenziwa eCanada nase-USA (-Austin, TX) futhi wathola nokuhlola omuhle izilaleli.

impumelelo

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-13, u-Aroni iwine ukubanga program abasha ArsDigita uMklomelo ukudalwa engenzi-nzuzo emakhasini ewebhu zemfundo. Njengoba umklomelo, wathola ilungelo ukuya eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (i-MIT), lapho ngihlangane nabaholi Inthanethi ovelele, ngokukhethekile, nge Tim Berners-Lee (umsunguli we-World Wide Web) noLawrence Lessing (Professor, waseHarvard University). Kamuva yena wabambisana nabo, ngekubamba lichaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo imiqondo ngemibono.

ukuphila Siqu

On ukuphila komuntu Schwartz is kancane eyaziwa. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, kwakuyizwi sina wokuzilibazisa intatheli lokuqala Quinn Norton (Wrided Journal). Bahlangana lapho wayesanikela washada. Phakathi kwabo ngokushesha wamisa uxhumano ezingokomoya. umshado wakhe khona ukuhluleka, ngakho ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlangana Aroni Quinn ngayohlala naye, kanye nendodakazi yakhe. Isizathu ngokuhlukana ayaziwa, kodwa uhlelo abasha intatheli kuze kube sekupheleni ukugcina Ubungane obufudumele.

Eyesibili nobuhlobo obungathi sina Aroni Schwartz athuthukile Taren Staynbrikner-Kauffman, umqondisi ophethe i-Sum Of Us traffic Inthanethi. Bahlangana kwezinyanga ezimbalwa obandulela le nhlekelele.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Eminyakeni 13, u-Aroni Swartz wayeyilungu leqembu zokusebenza ngokudala RSS izindaba feed. Lapho ozakwabo wafunda yobudala bakhe bangempela, bashaqeka futhi ngokushesha Bahlela umhlangano genius abasha.
• Ubuhlobo nentombazane Taren Shvarts Kwangithatha isikhathi impela ngokujulile, ngakho kwaphela izinyanga eziningana ngaphambi kokuba kuqulwe icala nosizi wasikisela ukuba wakhe. Wayefisa umshado nesizotha futhi okungazelelwe ukugwema umuzwa ezingadingekile futhi umsindo. Nokho, le ntombazane yenqaba, bephawula Isivivinyo oluzayo.
• U-Aroni wayeneminyaka nesizotha kakhulu futhi indoda ube nemfihlo. Omunye asebenza naye Uikler wammemela ukudla kwakusihlwa nomkhaya. Kodwa Schwartz akuzange kumkhathaze Sebawoti, wathi: wayehlushwa izilonda emathunjini, futhi ngenxa yalokho ithobela imenyu ekhethekile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-abasha ubuhlakani Inthanethi kwadingeka ukuba badle isinkwa kuphela.
• Ngo isishoshovu Inthanethi Aroni Swartz has a namesake - umlingisi waziwa kakhulu uchungechunge TV "Gossip Girl" futhi "oMdala".
• Ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngokufa Schwartz izishoshovu internet ukunyakaza "ongaziwa" zangena kuma ngasese we Commission on ukuphoqelelwa imisho, wathatha ukulawula kwakhe, futhi ekhasini ekhaya hung umlayezo ukuthi izikhulu US "yayigabadela" futhi usongo ukushicilelwa kolwazi oluthathwa . Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo lwembuyiselo inthanethi futhi ungungqondongqondo isishoshovu.
• Ngemva engozini yemoto ehlasimulisayo ngo-House amalungu amaningana Congress letiphakanyisiwe kuMtsetfo amacala umthetho.

PS

Namuhla, ukuphila nokufa Aarona Shvartsa - isibonelo esivelele walilwela ukukhululeka Imininingwane zokuqapha inthanethi futhi ubunhloli phezu ingxenye kahulumeni. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa wahamba ngendlela yakhe siqu yentuthuko, wangabaza imithetho kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe kanye nemithetho, futhi ngenxa yalokho imicondvo eliyingqayizivele futhi wazama ngibalethe ngokoqobo. Kodwa Schwartz akazange asheshe waqonda bangesikhathi sakhe, futhi umbuso wezombusazwe usebenzisa isibonelo sakhe impi ezinzima ngokumelene kubaduni nokukhwabanisa. Nakuba indaba yakhe JSTOR ayibangelwa yikuphi ukulimala impahla. Aaron Swartz wayefuna ukushintsha izwe, futhi ngokwengxenye kungenzeka. yobushoshovu sakhe eyenziwa shift okuphawulekayo ukwazi komphakathi.