Yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze abhalise imali yokubeletha kanye nokuthi abazali bomntwana wesibili badinga ukwazi?

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2007, umbuso usungule uhlelo olukhulu, olusekelwa ngumthetho. Okubalulekile ukuthi imindeni enezingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu inikezwa ithuba lokuthola isabelo esikhethekile semali (capital capital). Ukuzalwa komntwana okunikezwa imali kuye akufanele kube ngaphambi komhla owavela ngalo umthetho. Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokusiza kahulumeni emindenini enezingane? Yimiphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze ubhalise imali enkulu yomzali? Indlela yokusebenzisa izimali ezitholiwe? Lezi zindaba nezinye eziningi zisaba nesithakazelo ezakhamuzi ezinabantwana abancane noma ezihlose ukuzalela.

Okudingayo ukwazi ngemali yomndeni

Kumelwe sibheke ngokushesha ukuthi iqiniso likhishwa kanye kuphela. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, okuzobekwa yona imali enkulu.

Unyaka ngamunye umbuso ubeka izinkokhelo zezimali. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2007 inani lemali eliyinhloko lalinganiselwa ku-250,000 ruble, futhi ngonyaka ka-2014 kuzoba ngama-ruble angu-429408.

Inani lezinkokhelo lihluka, kodwa isitifiketi asishintshi, sihlala sinye. Uma, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, amadokhumenti awazange akhiphe ngesikhathi, izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokufaka isicelo esikhungweni esifanele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze enze imali eyinhloko yomzali. Futhi ayikho imingcele yokuthola isitifiketi nguhulumeni.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka emithathu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, isikhathi sifika lapho kungenzeka khona ukusebenzisa imali. Uma umndeni unesidingo sokukhokha imali mboleko noma enye inkokhelo yokuthengwa kwefulethi noma ukwakha indlu, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuba ulahle umthamo womndeni ngaphandle kokulinda iminyaka ecacisiwe yengane.

Izimali ezikhishwe akufanele zikhokhiswe intela.

I-Capital ayihloselwe ingane ngayinye, kodwa emndenini, ngakho imali ingasetshenziswa ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo ezivamile.

Isitifiketi sisebenza kuphela uma unepasipoti noma yimuphi umbhalo owuthatha esikhundleni. Kuba yinto engavumelekile ngemuva kokuba umnikazi wamalungelo omzali enqatshelwe amalungelo akhe, futhi uma enza icala ngokumelene nengane noma ukufa kwakhe.

Uma isitifiketi selahlekile, khona-ke kunikezwa impinda. Isitifiketi sokukhokhwa kwemali sitholakala kumqondisi wendawo we-FIU etholakala endaweni yokuhlala yangempela noma isicelo sesakhamuzi. Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kubhaliswe imali enkulu yomzali, umuntu angabathumela ku-FIU nge-trustee noma ngeposi.

Ngubani ongathola imali

Owesifazane owabeletha noma owagcina ingane yesibili (hhayi ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 2007) angaba yingxenye yalolu hlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele abe nesakhamuzi saseRussia.

Umuntu unelungelo lokuthola isitifiketi uma engumzali kuphela wezingane. Usuku lwesinqumo senkantolo mayelana nokutholwa (uma abantwana bamukelwa) akufanele kube ngaphambi kwesikhathi esiphezulu emva kwalokhu uhlelo luqala ukusebenza. Ubuzwe beRussian Federation kubalwa ngokusemthethweni enkonzweni.

Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. Ukuze ubaba, isimo sokuba yisakhamuzi akuyona into eqondile ekunqumeni ilungelo lokuthola isitifiketi. Upapa uyayithola kuphela uma umama enqatshelwe ithuba elinjalo. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kwenzeka isinqumo senkantolo lapho amalungelo akhe omzali asusiwe khona, enze ubugebengu ngokumelene nezingane, futhi uma umama engaphila.

Izingane ezincane (ngamasheya alinganayo) nazo zinelungelo lezindlela ezihlinzekwe nguhlelo. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa abazali noma ababheki.

Indlela yokuthola isitifiketi

Ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze ubhalise izimali zokubeletha zingatholakala ngokugcwele ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba zeSikhwama Sempesheni yezwe lethu. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukufaka isicelo, esibonisa inhloso yokukhishwa kwayo. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu zekhalenda kusukela ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isaziso esikwazisa ngemiphumela yokubuyekezwa kwesicelo sithunyelwe. Isixazululo singaba siphumelele noma sibi.

Kanye nesicelo sokukhishwa kwesitifiketi, kubalulekile ukuhambisa amanye amadokhumenti okubhaliswa komthamo womzali. Lena iphakheji yamaphepha okuzisiwa okukhombisa ukuhlala unomphela kanye nesakhamuzi saseRussia somuntu wesifazane noma umuntu obiza ukuthola imali. Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni sepasipoti, kuvunyelwe ukwethula enye idokhumenti yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani. Iziqalo zangempela zezitifiketi zezingane - isiqiniseko sokuzalwa noma ukutholwa, kodwa kuphela izingane ezimbili nezilandelwayo ezizodingeka. Ngaphezu kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubuzwe babo baseRussia.

Ezimweni ezikhethekile, uma ubhalisa amadokhumenti ebhilidini lokubeletha, uzodinga isitifiketi sokufa kowesifazane owabeletha ingane, ukuqinisekiswa kokunqotshwa kwamalungelo akhe kumntwana noma ukwenza izenzo zobugebengu ezinganeni. Uma kwenzeka ukufa kwabazali noma ababheki, ulwazi oludingekile luhlinzekwa futhi.

Kwamanye amazwe aseRussia amadokhumenti okubhaliswa kwemali yomzali (2012) ayadingeka kukhophi ephindwe kabili. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kusukela ngoFebhuwari walo nyaka ezindaweni ezithile zezwe izinhlelo zithi "i-Capital Region". Izimali zabo zangeziwe. Izinhlelo zikhombisa inani, izimo zokukhokha kwazo, izincomo ekusetshenzisweni kwalo mali zinikezwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila

Zonke izindlela zentengo yomzali noma ingxenye yazo zingaqondiswa ekuthuthukiseni izimo zezindlu, okungukuthi, ukuthengwa kwefulethi noma into yokwakha ngayinye ivunyelwe. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwendlu kungenziwa futhi ngezindleko zemali ebekiwe. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa le nhloko ukukhokhela isitolimende sokuqala, ukukhokhwa kwesikweletu esiyinhloko noma inzalo mboleko, umboleko wokuthengwa kwezindlu. Kukhona futhi inkokhelo yokubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni okwabiwe noma imali yokungena kubambiswano. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izindlu zingathengwa kuphela ensimini yeRussian Federation.

Ukuthola imfundo ngemali eshiwo

Izimali ezitholwe ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, ungathola futhi imfundo kunoma yikuphi kwabantwana bomndeni abangakafiki eminyakeni engama-25. Ukuqeqesha kumele kwenziwe ensimini yeRussian Federation esikhungweni semfundo esivunyelwe nguhulumeni.

Ukwakheka kwempesheni yomsebenzi (ingxenye yokuqongelela) kanye nezimali zokubeletha

Kuvela ukuthi ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo kunomthelela ekwandeni kwezinkokhelo abantu abathola ngokuqala kweminyaka ethile. Zonke izindlela noma amasheya abo avunyelwe ukuba ziqondiswe ekubunjweni komsebenzi (ingxenye exhaswe ngemali) yempesheni. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthumela ifomu lesicelo eligcwalisiwe ku-RPF noma nanoma yisiphi isikhwama sempesheni esingeyona isimo.