Fiscal federalism kanye model yayo eziyisisekelo

federalism Fiscal - uhlelo esisikisela ukusebenza ezimele amabhajethi (okuyizinto kwamanye amazinga) kuzo zonke izigaba inqubo isabelomali. Kusekelwe izimiso ezithile, phakathi awo:

1. amabhajethi Hlukanisa isikhundla abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngamunye wabo sihlinzekela ngakwesokunene samandla ukulawula ayo umthombo engenayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo kuhilela kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa ezimele le mithombo.

2. Ukuhambisana iMali ukuba babe iziphathimandla ukuthi enze umsebenzi.

3. Ilungelo offset izindleko, okuyinto Ngabamba izinqumo ezithathwe iziphathimandla eziphakeme neziphathimandla.

4. Ukwehlukanisa umthwalo wezimali negunya izindleko ezingeni zomthetho, okuyinto kuveza zonke iziphathimandla.

Fiscal federalism eRussia ngenxa yokuthi izwe usesikhundleni nsimu yabo enkulukazi, kanye ezinye izici ezihlukahlukene zomlando kazwelonke yentuthuko izifunda ngazinye, kudinga ekuphuculeni model yayo.

Njengoba for the imodeli, siphawula ukuthi injalo ekahle, okuyinto kulungele bonke nemifelandawonye, alikho nje. Lonke Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yezwe ngalinye kuthonywa izici zezomlando, kwezomnotho, kazwelonke kanye nezombusazwe.

Nokho, incazelo imodeli ekahle federalism kwezimali isasekhona. Ihlala e yokuthi inani amandla ngenzuzo possessed izikhonzi Federation, kufanele kube umthwalo ngokulingana izindleko ukuthi benzelwe ngoba izinga elithile amandla. Nokho, uma sicabanga ukusebenza nokusebenzisa nalezi zimfuneko, kuyacaca ukuthi phakathi kwabo kukhona njalo igebe elikhulu, embozwe ngokusebenzisa imithombo yemali engenayo ezikhona anawo isabelomali, elise ezingeni eliphakeme ngesikhathi.

federalism Fiscal kungaba usizo lapho ukusatshalaliswa wezomthetho amandla ababulawa kahle, kungenzeka kuncike ekuhambisaneni izici ezintathu:

1. Ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla emali engenayo.

2. ukurhunyezwa kwezindleko igunya.

3. amabhajethi Aligning.

uhlelo Ibhajethi kungenzeka zibheka noma nendawo ukulinganisela. Isimiso sesibili yilesi nokwenzeka lapho kwesamba semali kwanele ukuthi main umsebenzi isabelomali. Okusho ukuthi, lapho umqondo ukulingana phakathi kwemali kanye ngenzuzo amandla. Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile thwi ukulinganisela uhlelo kuyinto Kwabiwa ecacile emkhatsini iziphathimandla.

Mayelana ovundlile, it libhekene ujenene ukuhambisana nezindleko nezingxenye ngezimali.

federalism Fiscal iyona khona imifanekiso emibili eyisisekelo:

1. usabalalise. It libhekene yokuthi iziphathimandla lesifunda abe ezingeni eliphezulu yokuzimela wezimali ngamunye level kohlelo isabelomali unesibopho izintela ezithile, kuhulumeni akanakho ukuphatha phezu neziphathimandla zesifunda. Ngenxa yalesi model futhi izungezwe ukuthuthuka ezibuthakathaka zokulinganiswa namaphepha ukususwa umthwalo kusukela ohlelweni central of iqembu elibusayo ngokuba izikweletu ohulumeni lesifunda kanye nokuntuleka ngezabelomali zabo.

2. Imodeli wokubambisana nokuthatheka okwande emnothweni emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. It is zihlukaniswa iqhaza iziphathimandla zezifunda ukuhanjiswa ingeniso kazwelonke, khona izintela izimali ezingeni ngalinye uhlelo isabelomali kanye nokuthuthukiswa izindlela ukuhanjiswa izimali phakathi amazinga, okuyinto eyenziwa esebenzisa uxhaso, izibonelelo kanye imixhaso. Le modeli ligcwaliswa Kulezo zifunda lapho kunomehluko ezithile phakathi amazinga sokuphepha kwesabelomali izifunda.