Exchange Foreign izinqolobane Ukraine: izibalo kanye nesakhiwo

Isakhiwo izinqolobane igolide yezwe ngalinye zihlanganisa igolide kanye lwemali. Liphinde ngokuvamile ifakiwe, kanye nezinye izimpahla. Emazweni athuthukile, isakhiwo zigcine igolide kungafaka iphawundi British kanye le franc Swiss, yen nezinye izinhlobo zezimali ezinkulu zomhlaba. inqubomgomo Central Bank inquma ukubunjwa esiqiwini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuka ukuzinza umnotho isimo, ayanda iphesenti igolide ngegolide yayo izinqolobane. Uma lwemali aluqinile kakhulu, ngisho esiqiwini isimo kuyoba nesilinganiso eningi zezimali esiqine angaphandle.

Isakhiwo zigcine igolide lamazwe

Isakhiwo zigcine igolide ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka isimo esimweni. Okwamuva idatha olusemthethweni ngo-January 1, 2014 ukuphakamisa isisindo ezithile ezilandelayo zegolide amafa:

• Melika - 70%.
• Germany - 66%.
• France - 64,9%.
• EU - isilinganiso 55,2%.
• Russia - 7.8%.
• Ukraine - 8%.

Lapha siphawula ukuthi ukwehliswa kwenani ensimbini eyigugu lwalotshwa eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Yingakho yokuthi lokufaneleka egolide njengoba fa evelele abaningi imibuzo. Uma ezweni elisathuthuka, ke kunengqondo ukugcwalisa esiqiwini kwemali oyinhloko emhlabeni, ngoba inkambo yabo ikhula kakhulu. issuers asethuthukile elikhiphe zezimali emhlabeni wonke, okungukuthi izinsimbi eziyigugu uthanda lapho ukwakha yegolide. Ngaphezu insimbi lwemali e yegolide kungafaka phakathi amalungelo umdwebo olukhethekile IMF quota futhi isimo.

Ukuhlinzekwa Ukraine ngo-2014

izinqolobane International Ukraine ngo-2014, ngokusho idatha eshicilelwe ziyavumelana okulingana 16.2 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Isizathu sokuba ukwanda isabelomali kwakuhlezi uhlu lwezinhlelo ka 'ame-by' yi-International Monetary Fund. IMF usunike kwezigidi ezingu 978,42 zamadola uhulumeni. Ngezithukuthuku ebhange yezwe kazwelonke wathola izigidi ezingu 397,55 zamadola. Dynamics kwakubangelwa izibopho wezwe ukwenza izinkokhelo ukukhokha izikweletu e izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Phakathi nenyanga, National Bank ngenkuthalo abasetshenziswa imali emakethe exchange angaphandle. Wathwala njengoba ukudayiswa izimali zakwamanye amazwe e inani $ 833,74 million ukuthenga yayo for million 98,30. Lesi senzo format yayihloselwe bushelelezi ngesilinganiso lwemali kazwelonke.

Ukuncishiswa yegolide ezikhathini 2015

Exchange Foreign izinqolobane Ukraine, naphezu ukwanda ezingalindelekile ekwindla ka-2014, ngo-December kwehle ngo-7.5-dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Uma ukholwa ukuthi izibalo ezisemthethweni, ngoJanuwari 1, 2015 ivolumu reserves ngamazwe wema ngasemnyango 7.533 billion. Ukuze ukuhlola isimo esiqiwini ungakwazi ukuhlola ngesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.

Ngakho, ngo-December 2014 zigcine igolide e lemali okulingana dollar wema ngasemnyango 9,965,95 bhiliyoni. Njengoba amaphesenti Imininingwane isimo amafa ngonyaka kwehle ngo-24,41%. Kwemali Foreign izinqolobane kwehle kusuka $ 9 billion $ 959.950.000 6.000.000.000 618.370.000. Ukraine exchange angaphandle izinqolobane akuzona eyayivuza e amalungelo umdvwebo, okuyinto kokubili zaba kwezigidi ezingu 3,78 zamaRandi, futhi namuhla. Kube nokwenyuka kancane amafa dollar-denominated 903.840.000 okulingana 911 090 000. State Reserve isikhundla IMF wahlala kwirekhodi eziyizigidi ezingu-0.03 dollar.

Yini uhulumeni ukuyenza?

Ngokusho iziphathimandla abanekhono, lokhu kuncishiswa kungenxa esifike ngesikhathi futhi egcwele ivolumu buyiselo ezikweletini uhulumeni kanye NBU e izimali zakwamanye amazwe. UNIAN libike ukuthi zigcine igolide kwehle ngo-51,19% (10,450 amaRandi) ekuqaleni 2015.

Imiphumela Novemba akuyona aduduza ngempela, njengoba zigcine exchange angaphandle Ukraine, lapho izibalo bekulokhu esezingeni evamile, ngo-November, kalula olusha kuvumela kwabo eyi 10 eyedlule. Muva nje, "kwesisindo" amafa ukuthi ezingeni sabhalwa ngo-December 2004 ngezithuba 9.715 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. National Bank olungisisa isimo nokukhokhwa izinkokhelo kusukela "Naftogaz Ukraine" I-gas amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkonzo ehlelekile futhi abuyisele uhulumeni izimali zakwamanye amazwe izikweletu, kuhlanganise IMF.

neqhaza elikhulu esivumelwaneni isimo wenza ukungenelela hryvnia emakethe interbank. Ukraine exchange angaphandle izinqolobane aqala ukuncipha njengoba ekuseni njengoba 2013. Ngaleso sikhathi, baba sagged ku 16,83% noma bhiliyoni 4.130. Isibikezelo Valerie Gontareva ukwanda kuqhathaniswa ezinkulu yegolide ezikhathini 2015 uye wahlupheka uyisehluleki.

Imiphumela zokunciphisa yegolide

Ukrainian exchange angaphandle izinqolobane, okuyinto igrafu kule minyaka embalwa kuyinto uhlamvu eyehlayo, nomthelela ongemuhle emnothweni wesifundazwe sonkana. Ukunciphisa womnotho yasekhaya phuca ngokuqiniseka futhi kudala uvalo emphakathini.

Ukusuka kusukela umthamo wemvula isheduli reserve iphutha ngenxa ukhetho bengahlosile. ekuhambisaneni plan ngabe ngokuphelele ukushintsha isimo sangempela. isimo reserve Ukraine ngokwezinga lapho namuhla, ngokuvumelana abantu abagunyaziwe, akuyona yinkinga yembulunga yonke. Imbangela sokuba nombono okhanyayo ukuthi IMF ngokwayo ngenkuthalo isekela ukuma okuthi usayizi amafa wezwe kuyoba ulingana 23 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Isimo esifanayo libona sibalo $ 15 bhiliyoni.

Kwenzekani namuhla?

Okwamanje, Ukraine exchange angaphandle izinqolobane wawa kakhulu, uma kungekhona ukuthi acabangele tranche oluzayo kusukela EU futhi IMF. Exchange rate kancane kancane, izikweletu zomphakathi akusho kunciphe. Kulokhu, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi ayehle kakhulu amandla emali futhi ezenzakalelayo ku izikweletu zayo ozijameleko ngeke zenzeke.

Mayelana esimweni esingajabulisi ezweni uthi ukumisa ukushicilelwa izibalo group kohlaziyo Da Vinci AG. Le nkampani kusukela ngo-2010 elungiselela umhlahlo wekota zigcine igolide, kodwa engxenyeni 2014 yesibili ngokuphelele ibhizinisi yawo ngokuqondene isimo ezimbi kakhulu. Isimo, ngokusho kongoti kakhulu, kuba okuhlobene Dynamics engakhi zinyanga 6 iminyaka emkhakheni lemikhiqizo yezimboni.

Lapho lo mkhuba phansi?

izinqolobane International Ukraine ngo-2014 kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunalokho okuhleliwe. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lo mkhuba maqondana zokunciphisa amafa sabekwa ngo-2011. It has an esibophezelayo engaqondile ukuba nempi Donbas. Ezenzeka esikhathini empumalanga yezwe, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi kulethe isimo samanje, ayeyobe esakhulekela kulelo phendla ngonyaka 2017-2018.

Igolide inqolobane Ukraine babonisa Dynamics efana isikhundla nokuthengiswa Ukrainian emakethe emhlabeni ngesikhathi kusuka 2000 kuya ku-2014. Kuphela emkhakheni yokusansimbi yokuthengisa zaphesheya ezivela 2007 kuya 2013 kwehle ngo okungenani u-25%. Amanani yacwila by emhlabeni 30%. Abathengi eYurophu nase-Asia baye kakhulu ziyancipha oda. Ngo parallel, lo MENA isimo saqala ukwanda amandla asebenzayo.

Ukuwa zigcine igolide: izimbangela kungenzeka

Ukraine exchange angaphandle izinqolobane empeleni ziwile, kodwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa yesimo sezomnotho emhlabeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho zokukhiqiza sinciphile yokuthengisa emakethe ngamazwe. Isizathu sokuba mkhuba ngqo okuhlobene engaguquki lokuhwebelana lwemali kazwelonke, yokungabi yizinguquko kwezomnotho, ukuqhubeka amazinga nqubomgomo izinsiza zezomnotho nge ukwehla okucishe kufane nalokhu isisindo sabo kutemnotfo wemhlaba wonkhe. An simo ezifanayo embonini zamakhemikhali e isiqoqi sama-softwe.

Ukuncishiswa izinqolobane - kuba engokwemvelo. Okubi kakhulu kokuntengantenga ngo-2014 kwaqondana igatsha eCrimea futhi impi empumalanga. isimo Negative kulo lonke lelo zwe washiya uphawu ku zigcine igolide Ukraine. Okthoba 2014 kwaba kuphela Ukwehla engokwemvelo ngemva bephakamisa 2008-2009, lapho umnotho isimo sika yanda ngenxa asebenzayo usizo angaphandle yezimali.

Yini ukushintsha isimo?

Isimo e-Ukraine, kuhlanganise nokuncishiswa amadlingozi futhi esihleliwe yegolide, odinga impendulo ngokushesha futhi kokungenela we NBU. Kuyadingeka ekulinganiseni isimo ezikhungweni eziningi zezimali ukuthengiselana, kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa ekuphathweni yesikhashana. izimo ezithile ezidinga ukuba ukuqashelwa olusemthethweni ucabanga, ngaphandle kokuzama ukuba alungise isimo nangokuhlanganyela izindleko zezimali. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zingosi emakethe yezimali - lena simo engcono, edinga ukususwa izikhungo ezincane zezimali ngaphandle isisekelo esikhulu samakhasimende kusuka emakethe yasekhaya. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-National Bank akanayo asizakale oqinile izinga lokushintshisana. Izenzo ezingeni leKhabhinethi futhi National Bank ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle futhi sikhuthaze nokuthengiswa engaphezu kuka ezibalulekile.

Yini liyokwahlulelwa ngokuya yegolide e-Ukraine?

I stock reserves ngamazwe Ukraine uphakamisa isitokwe wamandla wezimali ka isimo. Idiphozithi futhi bachithe izimali eceleni NBU may kuphela. Injongo eyinhloko amafa - iyona ukuqedwa kusilela kwezimali ibhalansi ukukhokhelwa kuphela ngenjongo ukuqaliswa ukungenelela. Amafa adingekayo ukuze ukuziphatha imisebenzi phakathi kokutshala imali ezimakethe exchange angaphandle ukuthonya kazwelonke lwemali izinga. Igolide kanye lwemali izinqolobane kungenziwa ngokuthi i zezimali ukuphepha ohlangothini lwemali kazwelonke, usebenzisa okuyinto isimo angeke nje ukuqinisa lwemali kazwelonke, kodwa futhi ukuyihlalisa.

Falling izinqolobane kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi NBU kuyinto ngenkuthalo uchitha kakhulu amaqembu azama ukuqeda ukusekela hryvnia exchange rate emakethe ngamazwe. Ukwehla ezikhona kungenziwa ngokuthi umkhuba oyinkinga, obonisa yobuthakathaka lwemali. Inventory ukunciphisa kubonisa awokuthi ukukhula dollar kanye euro, njengoba uhulumeni umane ayikwazi ukusekela izinga lwemali kazwelonke. Igcwele Ukuwohloka ephelele exchange angaphandle izinqolobane futhi okuzenzakalelayo komnotho. Naphezu izibikezelo omuhle, ukwanda langempela kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela igolide akulindelekile.