Emfushane zokudala Balmont sika. Izici lokusungula Balmont

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki segama Russian Scottish wagijimela ngokusebenzisa amadlozi okude - itilosi, sibonisa ihange yakhe ngasogwini Pushkin futhi Lermontov. Ukudala Balmonta Konstantina Dmitrievicha e nenkathi yamaSoviet kwaba ukhohliwe ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala. Izwe isando isikela kwakungadingeki Abadali ukusebenza ngaphandle of ngokoqobo sezenhlalo, string engasekelwa yokwethula emzabalazweni amaqhawe empini kanye nomshikashika ... Okwamanje, imbongi, kokuba ithalente omkhulu ngempela, inkondlo yakhe okuwukuphela namanothi baqhubeka isiko izinkondlo okumsulwa, ukubhala izinkondlo hhayi izinhlangano, futhi abantu.

"Dala njalo, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenza ..."

A legacy akasilahlile Balmont ivolumu kanye umxhwele ngokwanele: izincwadi ezingu-35 izinkondlo kanye nezincwadi nephrozi 20. izinkondlo zakhe abangu bayahlonishwa nabo kalula ilunga kumbhali. Konstantin Dmitrievich wabhala eziningi, kodwa akazange 'ugaye imigqa "hhayi wahlanganyela iqhakambisa umbhalo izilungiso eziningi. izinkondlo zakhe njalo kwabo okubhaliwe ngoMthethosivivinywa umzamo wokuqala, bayiphendule ngesikhathi esisodwa. Mayelana edala ukuthi izinkondlo Balmont watshela okoqobo - inkondlo.

Lokhu okungenhla kumane ihaba. Mihail vasilevich Sabashnikov, lapho imbongi ehlala ngo-1901, uyakhumbula ukuthi inqwaba imigqa lapho savela ekhanda lami ephepheni ebhala izinkondlo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphandle noma yiziphi izinguquko. Umbuzo uwukuthi wenza kanjani, uKonstantin Dmitrievich waphendula emomotheka kubande kwamancane: "Kakade, isimo engangikuso - imbongi!"

Incazelo emfushane lokusungula

baxgeki Literary, Ongoti umsebenzi wakhe, khuluma ngezinto ekwakhekeni, ukuvelela nokwehla ezingeni imisebenzi esenza Balmont. Biography emfushane nemisebenzi asibonise Nokho, ukusebenza ezimangalisayo (ebhala nsuku zonke, futhi njalo emzweni odlulayo).

Ethandwa kakhulu angumsebenzi Balmont iqoqo elivuthiwe izinkondlo umbhali nkondlo, "kuphela Uthando", "Makuthi iLanga", "evutha izakhiwo." iqoqo "Ukuthula" ivelele phakathi imisebenzi bokuqala.

Bal'mont Creation (kukhonjwa kafushane etemibhalo XX leminyaka ekuqaleni) okwalandela ukuthambekela jikelele ngase attenuation ithalente umbhali (emva ngenhla amaqoqo amathathu) Ubuye uchungechunge "izikhala". Neziphawulekayo "Fein yezinganekwane" - songs zezingane cute abhalwe isitayela, kamuva usuthathwe UKorney Chukovsky. Okunye futhi unesithakazelo "inkondlo Outlandish," wadala umbono ngalokho akubona ngenkathi kuhanjwa eGibhithe nase-Oceania.

Biography. ebuntwaneni

Uyise, Dmitry K., kwaba udokotela ezweni, futhi ephethwe izindlu nempahla. Umama, Vera (nee ukuba Lebedev), uhlobo yokudala, ngokuvumelana umbhali nkondlo, "uye wenza okungaphezu bazakhele uthando wezinkondlo nomculo" ngaphezu kwabo bonke abafundisi okwalandela. UConstantine waba indodana yesithathu emndenini ukuthi nje kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa, zonke - amadodana.

Konstantin Dmitrievich kwakuhlukile, gió ekhethekile (bezibona ukuphila). Hhayi ngokunikeza umfundi ithuba impilo kanye nomsebenzi Balmont kuhlobene. Ngo esengumntwana lokusungula enamandla sabekwa, okuyinto kubonakala ukuthi makabe nombono ucabangisisa.

eseyingane becikekile shkolyarstvo nokwethembeka. Romanticism ngokuvamile wathatha zize kuqala ingqondo. School (owesilisa Shuiskys Tsarevich Alexei esikoleni esiphakeme), yena ayikakaqedi axoshwe 7th grade ngokubamba iqhaza wamavukelambuso imibuthano. I last esikoleni esiphakeme ephothula uVladimir sokuzivocavoca ngaphansi kokuqondisa iwashi nguthishela. othisha ababili kuphela, kamuva wakhumbula amazwi okubonga: ofundisa umlando nokuma kwezwe, nolimi ubuciko uthisha.

Ngemva kokufundelwa isikhathi esingangenyanga ngemva konyaka eMoscow University, wayenokuqonda futhi baxoshwa ngenxa "ukuhlela kwemibhikisho," khona-ke waxoshwa e-Uganda kusukela Demidov Lyceum e Yaroslavl ...

Njengoba ubona, akulula ukuba waqala umsebenzi wakhe olusankondlo Konstantin Balmont. Biography futhi asebenze kuze kube yimanje ayisihloko ingxabano phakathi abahlaziyi bemibhalo.

ubuntu Balmont

Personality Konstantina Dmitrievicha Balmonta kuyinto kubenzima. Wayengekhona "njengawo wonke umuntu." Oluqoqiwe ... It ikani ngisho ukucacisa portrait imbongi, e wakhe buka, kwi ukuma. Kuyinto ngokushesha ecacile: phambi kwethu akulona journeyman, futhi inkosi izinkondlo. Ubuntu bakhe kwaba elikhanyayo futhi onekhono. Kwakuyisikhathi Akumangalisi organic umuntu, ukuphila futhi basebenze Balmont like ekuqhumeni eyodwa ugqozi.

Tinkondlo waqala ukubhala eneminyaka engu-22 (i-ukuqhathanisa, izingoma lokuqala Lermontov zalotshwa eneminyaka engu 15). Ngaphambi kwalokhu, njengoba vele sesiyazi, kwaba imfundo akuphelele, kanye nezinkinga zomshado ochithekile nendodakazi Shuya nomkhiqizi laphela umzamo ukuzibulala (imbongi ngefasitela 3 izibuya phezu kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe.) Ukuze kwenze izenzo Balmont kwaphoqa ngesiphazamiso wokuphila komkhaya futhi ukufa komntwana wokuqala kusukela meningitis. Umkakhe wokuqala Garelina Larisa Mihaylovna, bottichellievskogo izici enhle ebusweni, bahlushwa kuye umhawu, nokungakwazi ukuzimelela, futhi ukunganakwa amaphupho kwezincwadi okukhulu. Imizwelo wokukhungatheka (futhi kamuva - yesahlukaniso) nomkakhe, yena yanqamula ezinkondlweni "ukuphefumula amahlombe elimnandi ..." "Cha, anginaye omunye benza ububi obukhulu kangaka ..." "Oh, nowesifazane, umntwana, ejwayele ukudlala ..".

self-imfundo

Kanjani abasha Balmont, ekubeni ngenxa zokuhambisana imfundo sokulahlwa, ngaphenya kumiswa yomuntu, ideologist entsha ukunyakaza etemibhalo? Kukhonjwa yena njengoba Konstantin Dmitrievich, ingqondo futhi "nenhlanzi ebanjwe" oyedwa luyingxenye British Mot - selfhelp (selfhelp). Self-imfundo. Kwakungenxa Konstantin Dmitrievich zithuthukisa ukuba esikhathini esizayo ...

Ukuba ngokwemvelo wangempela kanzima ipeni isisebenzi, uKonstantin Dmitrievich neze kulandela yiluphi uhlelo zangaphandle, onikezwe ke kusukela ngaphandle alien kwesimo sayo. Balmont lokusungula is ngokuphelele isekelwe uthando lwakhe self-imfundo nokuvuleka yolwazi. Wakhangwa izincwadi, kolimi, umlando, ifilosofi, lapho wayengumuntu ongokoqobo. Wayethanda ukuhamba.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

isitayela zothando, Fet esingokwemvelo, Nadson futhi Pleshcheyev olungeke isiphetho ngokwakho for Balmont (70-80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX, izimbongi eziningi ukudala izinkondlo nge motifs yokudabuka, ukudabuka, ukungahlaliseki, izizwe inesizungu). Wasephambukela Konstantin Dmitrievich kwavula indlela ukuba kufanekisa. Mayelana nalesi akubhala kamuva.

self ababezibheka

self Unconventional inquma izici lokusungula Balmont. Ngempela yaba umuntu owenza igama. Poet. Futhi izwe wabubona ngendlela efanayo njengoba ungabona imbongi hhayi ukuhlaziywa nekunoma, nekuvula sithembele kuphela look futhi uzizwe. "Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela lokuqala umphefumulo - weqiniso" - ngokuvamile saveza ngakuye, kwaba esisemqoka konke ukuphila kwakhe. It waphakamisa ukuba eziphakemeyo lokusungula, futhi zonakale ithalente lakhe.

Zothando iqhawe Balmont ngasekuqaleni inkathi yakhe umsebenzi izinikele Christian amagugu. Ubizwa nge-inhlanganisela imisindvo lehlukene kanye nemibono, erects "yesonto eziyigugu."

Nokho, kusobala ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya zakhe, 1896-1897 GG., Kanye ukuhumushwa angaphandle izinkondlo Balmont kancane kancane baluqonde ezahlukene zomhlaba.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nge ukuphindaphinda isitayela romantic yezimbongi Russian of 80th. Balmont waqala umsebenzi kafushane iwukuqaphela ukuthi, singasho ukuthi ngempela kwakungokungenanjongo umsunguli lalifanekisela izinkondlo Russian. Owawubalulekile kumiswa isikhathi imbongi sika kubhekwe izinkondlo amaqoqo "Ukuthula" nesithi "ubukhulu."

umbono wakhe ngale kufanekisa wachaza ngo-1900 esihlokweni esithi "izwi Elementary mayelana izinkondlo ongokomfanekiso." Symbolists, ngokungafani namaqiniso, ngokusho Balmont - ke sika nje izingqapheli kuyizinto ongqondongqondo, ngubani babuka izwe ngefasitela lakhe amaphupho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Balmont uthola izinkondlo ongokomfanekiso lo sezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezokuhlalisana "Abstraction ezifihliwe" futhi "ubuhle esobala."

Ngokwemvelo yayo, akuyona grey igundane, kanye umholi Balmont. Biography emfushane futhi umsebenzi ukuqinisekisa lokhu. Charisma kanye nesifiso esingokwemvelo sokuba inkululeko ... Lezi zimfanelo kwamenza at esiqongweni ukuthandwa "ube maphakathi ukuthatheka" izinkampani eziningi balmontistov Russia. Ngokwe-Umlando Ehrenburg (kwakuvele Horad kamuva), ubuntu Balmont umxhwele ngisho baseParis zidla avela esifundeni sase imfashini Passy.

wings izinkondlo okusha

Balmont wathandana umkakhe esizayo yesibili Ekaterinu Alekseevnu Andreevu shazi. Lokhu sigaba sokuphila bakhe luveza iqoqo izinkondlo "Ngo nobukhulu." Tinkondlo anikezelwe eziningi zakhe zokuqala, "Black-inyamazane", "Kungani thina njalo uphuzo inyanga?", "Ubusuku Izimbali".

Lovers senihlale isikhathi eside e-Europe, bese Lapho ebuyela eMoscow, Balmont e 1898 owakhishwa endlini ukushicilela "Scorpion" iqoqo izinkondlo, "Ukuthula Du." Iqoqo izinkondlo yandulelwe yisibonelo epigraph, ezikhethiwe kusuka imisebenzi Tiutchev: "Kukhona ihora ezithile zomhlaba uthule." I izinkondlo ke zihlelwe zaba izigaba 12 ngokuthi "izinkondlo lyrical." Konstantin Dmitrievich, liphefumulelwe izimfundiso theosophical of Madame Blavatsky, kakade kuleli qoqo izinkondlo kakhulu isuka le yalelozwe yobuKristu.

Ukuqonda indima imbongi zobuciko yakhe

Ukuqoqwa "Ukuthula" iba isici esihlukanisa Balmont njengoba imbongi, abathi kufanekisa. Ukuthuthukisa Eqhubeka wathola Vector art, uKonstantin Dmitrievich wabhala isihloko esithi "Kalderonovskoy drama ubuntu", okuyinto ngokungaqondile walungisiswa ngokuhamba kwakhe imodeli classical yobuKristu. Lokhu kwakwenziwa, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngokomfanekiso. ukuphila kwasemhlabeni ecabange "a abawela kusukela ekukhanyeni Umthombo Okokuqala."

Innokentiy Fedorovich Annensky bale midlalo ethulwa izici lokusungula Balmont, isitayela umbhali yakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi "mina", ebhalwe Balmont, isimiso akubonisi sokusebenzisana ukuze imbongi, it is - ekuqaleni ayeba. Ngakho-ke, lona kanye ivesi Konstantin Dmitrievich uhlukile nge lyricism yayo soulful, uzwakalise ngokuhlobanisa yena nabanye ukuthi umfundi uzizwa njalo. Ukufunda izinkondlo zakhe, kubonakala sengathi Balmont ungukukhanya namandla, uwunikeza ngesandla esivulekile uhlanganyela nabanye:

Yini Balmont uvezwa njengoMahluleli nethemba lokuhle self-uthando, empeleni yokuzinikela ezingaphezu kuka lo mkhuba isibonisi zomphakathi yokuziqhenya izimbongi kokufaneleka zabo, kanye umphakathi uhlanganyela azithele ngabandayo zabo okwamanje.

Creation Bal'mont amazwi kafushane Annensky, ayegcwele ifakwe kuyo i polemizmom yangaphakathi zefilosofi sokunquma ubuqotho sengqondo. Lokhu kuvezwa obala yokuthi Balmont ufuna ukwethula umfundi umcimbi esibanzi: kusukela yokuma wesahlulelo, futhi ngokombono isisulu. Akanawo ukuhlolwa ocacile of lutho, kwangithinta kakhulu ekuqaleni elinesimo sebuningini ukubukwa. Wasefika kuye sibonga ithalente yakhe nokuzikhandla kwakhe, ukuze eminyakeni eyikhulu ngaphambi isikhathi lapho amazwe athuthukile, lona liye laba yitshe kuyinsakavukela ukwazi komphakathi.

Sunny ubuhlakani

Imbongi Balmont esiyingqayizivele. Eqinisweni, uKonstantin Dmitrievich ngokusemthethweni kwakungekaNkulunkulu imisinga ezahlukene, ngakho kwaba lula ukuthuthukisa imibono yabo entsha olusankondlo, ukuntuleka kwazo yena wayengakaze akuzwe. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokugcina yekhulu XIX ngemisebenzi imbongi yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo kwenzeka: the fleetingness ka melancholy nethemba akhale ilanga.

Ngegama, okufanayo kucatshangwa ukuthi isitayela lapho Konstantin Dmitrievich ngabhala nenkondlo, babengamalungu ukugeleza esankondlo kufanekisa.

Uma emavesini angaphambili Nietzsche kuyofikwa kwemizwa ke ngesikhathi ibambene ithalente, lokusungula Konstantin Balmont kwaba nethemba lokuhle ezahlukene othize lombhali kanye "kwelanga", "umlilo".

Alexander Blok obuye imbongi Symbolist, okwethulwa isithombe esicacile lokusungula Balmont naleso sikhathi ngamafuphi kakhulu ngokuthi kunjengoba nje acacile futhi ukuphila-evuma, efana entwasahlobo.

Isiqongo amandla akhe okudala

isipho ezinezinkondlo Balmont kwakuzwakala okokuqala e force okugcwele ezinkondlweni kusukela ukuqoqwa "izakhiwo evuthayo." It 131 inkondlo eyabhalwa imbongi ayezidinga endlini Polyakova S. V

Bonke ngothi lwabo, njengoba kushiwo eyalotshwa imbongi, zalotshwa bedle "isimo" (ngamanye amagama, futhi akazange acabange Balmont lokusungula). "Inkondlo sisaba ingane!" - nganquma Balmont. Kusukela leli qoqo, wagcina ngabashiya lapho baziphatha. Poet, ukuzama ngesibindi nge inhlanganisela imisindo, imibala kanye imibono, ukudala "amazwi umphefumulo yesimanje," "umphefumulo ziklebhukile," 'elusizi, amabi. "

Ngaleso sikhathi wayesevile eminyakeni engu sisondelene Petersburg bohemia. Catherine A. wayazi ubuthakathaka ngomyeni wakhe. Wayengeke iwayini. Nakuba Konstantin Dmitrievich esenamandla, obuqinile Imizimba, sakhe sezinzwa uhlelo (ngokusobala overstrained esemncane futhi njengoba nensizwa) "umlilo" okungukuthi ingafaneleki. Ngemva iphutha ke "wayenuka" ka zezifebe. Nokho, ngenxa yalokho, wazithola e ngempela esidabukisayo: sidindilize nabakhubazekile usinga ezijulile. Kwathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesikhathi ekwenziweni "evutha isakhiwo" lapho sikanye Baltrušaitis futhi Polyakov.

Kumele sikhokhe intela noCatherine Alekseevna sasemhlabeni umnakekeli ingelosi yomyeni wakhe. Wayeqonda ubunjalo umyeni wakhe, owayevele kubhekwa bathembekile futhi baqotho, futhi ubani, kwabalethela nendumalo enkulu yakhe, kwakukhona amanoveli. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba ne Dagny Christensen Paris, wanikezela le nkondlo "Sun umhlala", "Kusukela uhlobo lwenkosi." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuthandana ne baseNorway ubesebenza njengodokotela umlobeli othile ST Petersburg, luqedwe Balmont njengoba evele njengoba kwase kuqalile. Phela, inhliziyo yakhe namanje wayevela komunye wesifazane - Ekaterine Andreevne, Beatrice, njengoba ayekubiza kanjalo.

Ngo-1903, uKonstantin Dmitrievich neze ishicilele iqoqo "Makuthi iLanga", abhalwe 1901-1902. It ikani umqondo esandleni okuyinhloko. Phawula ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukucwaninga hhayi isidlulile izingcezu-10. Imbongi Balmont, ngokuvumelana censors, kwaba inkanuko kakhulu futhi ukubhalelana imiyalezo evusa inkanuko.

Nokho, abahlaziyi bemibhalo, bakholelwa ukuthi leli qoqo imisebenzi emelela abafundi imodeli cosmogonic wezwe liwubufakazi entsha, esiphezulu ukuthuthukiswa imbongi. On the esengozini ikhefu engqondo lapho besebenza emasimini eqoqweni odlule, uKonstantin Dmitrievich, wayebonakala ukuqonda ukuthi "uthuli baphile" akunakwenzeka. Imbongi sifuna iqiniso eslphambanweni ubuHindu, ubuqaba nobuKristu. Siveza nokukhulekela kwaso lezinto zemvelo: umlilo ( "Hymn yoMlilo"), umoya ( "Umoya"), ulwandle ( "Phikisa olwandle"). Ngo-1903, i-ukushicilela indlu "Nosizi" banyathelisa incwadi yesithathu, Okuthwesa umqhele esiqongweni lokusungula Balmont, "uthando kuphela. Semitsvetnik ".

esikhundleni isiphetho

Inscrutable izindlela zabo lokusungula. Ngisho for izimbongi ezinjalo "emseni kaNkulunkulu," njengoba Balmont. Life and nomsebenzi kafushane echazwe kuye ngemva 1903 ngegama elilodwa - ". Ukuhlehla ' Ngakho-ke, u-Alexander Blok, eqinisweni babe umholi olandelayo lokhu kufanekisa isiRashiya, e yayo eminye ahlolwako (ngemuva incwadi "kuphela Love"), lokusungula Balmont. Wethula impendulo yakhe engumbulali, ethi kukhona okukhulu Russian imbongi Balmont, kanye "Balmont entsha" - akukho.

Nokho, ngaphandle kokuba abahlaziyi bemibhalo kwekhulu elidlule, sisalokhu sengisilethe kangcono imisebenzi ngasekupheleni Konstantin Dmitrievich. sinqumo yethu: kuwufanele ukufunda, kunezindlela eziningi ezithakazelisayo ... Nokho, asinazo izisusa ukuphuzwa uhlamvu usawoti amazwi Bloc. Ngempela, kusukela umbono ukuhluzwa kwemibhalo njengoba imbongi Balmont - ifulegi kufanekisa, ngemva incwadi "Uthando kuphela. Semitsvetnik "isiphelile uqobo. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuphetha Sidlale kule bese uqedela indaba emfushane mayelana nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi K. D. Balmonta, "ilanga genius" zezinkondlo Russian.