Emathuneni amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni i-Wadi al-Salam, okusho ukuthi "iSigodi Sokufa"

Umkhuba wezinkolo eziningi zomhlaba yiyona masiko emizimba yomuntu oshonile. Kule minyaka yenkambiso yokuphila, iplanethi ihlanganiswe nenethiwekhi "yamadolobha abafileyo", lapho izigidi zabantu abafile zithole isiphephelo. Futhi ikuphi amathuna amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inikezwa kulesi sihloko.

Indawo engcwele yezinkolo ezintathu

ITestamente Elidala libiza indawo yeSigwebo Sokugcina uJosaphatu Valley, sihlonishwa njengamaKristu, namaJuda namaSulumane. Indawo yokungcwaba yeNkosi uJehoshafathi isempumalanga yeJerusalema, ewela enyakatho kuya eningizimu ngeGidron (Josaphatova) , isigamu samakhilomitha angu-35 ubude. Ngaphansi kwalo kugeleza iKidron Creek, amanzi ayo ahlanzekile awela uLwandle Olufile. Lapha kulabo abamele izinkolo ezintathu akuzona amathuna. I-Kedron Valley idume ngesiHeberu, lapho eqoshwe khona edwaleni:

• Ibhomu lika-Abisalomu (I-II leminyaka BC).
• Amathuna kaJehoshafati noZakariya amadodana kaHaziri.
• Ukungcwaba komndeni kaBnei Hazir.

AmaKristu asesigodini anezindawo zawo ezingcwele - ithuna lomPhostoli uJakobe noMbusi Obusisiwe.

Abantu abangaba yisigidi bathole indawo yabo yokuhlala lapha. Kukholelwa ukuthi oshonile eKidron Valley uzoba ngowokuqala ukuhlangana noMninimandla onke, ngakho izindawo zokungcwaba zibiza kakhulu - kusuka ku-1 million dollar. Amathuna angamaHeberu ahlanganiswa amaningi: endaweni ngayinye ethuneni, abameleli bama-eras ahlukene bahlelwa ngaphezulu kwesinye. Ukukwazi kwakungcwatshwe ngama-crypts asele kuze kube yilolu suku. Naphezu kokuthi izindawo ezisemathuneni zithengwa iminyaka eminingi ngaphambili, akuyona eyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

I-Western Hemisphere: I- Golgotha Amathuna

Abantu abayizigidi ezintathu bangcwatshwa eNew York. Amathuna anegama leNtaba iKalvari futhi ihlukaniswe yaba imikhakha emine, ehlukaniswe omunye nomunye. Yasekelwa amaKatolika ngo-1848. Ebusuku, ngemuva kwesifo esiyingozi sekholera, iziphathimandla zaphoqelelwa ukuba zixazulule ukucwatshwa ngaphandle komuzi, ngesikhathi saseBrooklyn naseManhattan. Izinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo zavunyelwa ukuba zibe namathuna angasese, okwaholela ekuthengiseni kwabo. Emva kokukhula komuzi waseGolgotha kwakukhona endaweni, okuthiwa yiQuince. Emazweni alo namuhla kukhona "imizi engu-29" yabafileyo "enezigidi eziyisihlanu, okuphindwe kabili kunani labantu abakhileyo esifundeni.

Kodwa lokhu akusiyo amathuna amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga YaseNtshonalanga futhi yaziwa ngeqiniso lokuthi lilapha lapho abantu abadume kakhulu eNew York bangcwatshwa khona: kusukela kumameya kuya kuma-gangsters. Lapha, "wangcwatshwa" noDon Corleone ("The Godfather" F. Coppola).

Amathuna Amakhosi

Amathuna kaJohn F. Kennedy nomfelokazi wakhe, uJohn Dulles, abaphilayo bezinto eziphilayo kanye nabanye abantu abavelele base-United States basemaphandleni ase-pogost edolobheni laseWashington. кладбище предназначалось для солдат, павших в годы Гражданской войны. Eyasungulwa ngo-1865, amathuna ase- Arlington ahloselwe amasosha afela ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imithetho yokungcwaba yaqala ukulawulwa yiziphathimandla zase-US, okwenza i-necropolis ibe enye yezindawo ezihloniphekile kakhulu. Amathuna ase-Arlington ahloselwe abasebenzi basezempi kanye nemindeni yabo, kanye nabantu abafanelekile ezweni.

Kuze kube manje, inamangcwaba angaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-320, kodwa insimu yayo ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni (amakhilomitha amabili nesigamu square). Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi izenzo ezenziwa ezempi isikhathi eside yisizathu sokukhula "kwedolobha labafileyo."

Isizwe esinamandla kunabo bonke

EMpumalanga Ephakathi yisifunda esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke se-ethno-zenkolo, lapho amaRurds angenawo amazwe awo, futhi amaSunni namaShiite abamba amaSulumane ngezindlela ezahlukene. UbuSunni yiyona inkululeko yama-Arabs, futhi iShiyashi ingumPheresiya, nakuba kunezinto eziningi ezihlukile. Amaqembu e-IGIL athi u-Sunnism, owawuthandwa nguhulumeni ka S. Hussein. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwe-United States e-Iraq, sekudlulile iminyaka engu-13, kodwa sekucacile kuwo wonke umuntu namuhla ukuthi umsebenzi wezwe awukho emthethweni. Lokhu kuyisenzo sokuhlukunyezwa okuqondile, okungazange kuqede ukuhoxiswa kwamabutho ngo-2010. Ukusekela amaShiites, abaseMelika bavusa impi enkulu yempi, uchungechunge lokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula nokudlwengula.

Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi amathuna amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni akhona ensimini ye-Iraq, adonsela endaweni yokubulala igazi. Idolobha eliseningizimu laseNajaf, elingcwele kumaShiites, ngonyaka lihola izigidi zabantu abahamba ngezinyawo, linikeza ngenombolo kuphela eMecca naseMedina. Kulapha ukuthi "idolobha labafileyo" likhona, ukumbulwa kokuqala okwale emuva kwekhulu lesi-7 AD.

I-Wadi al-Salam e-Najaf

Igama lamathuna liyaziwa kunoma yimuphi umSulumane. Lapha, i-imam yokuqala, u-Ali, ingcwatshwe, enye yezingxabano phakathi kwamaSunni namaShiites. Umkhwenyana nomzala kaMprofethi Muhammad bahlanganisiwe kwi-degree yazo yonke i-Shia. Yingakho noma ubani omele le nkolo amaphupho aphumule eceleni komngane ka Allah. Amakholwa akhuluma ngezimangaliso ezenzeka emathuneni. Okhethiweyo ungumoya we-Imam, obuyela kuwo futhi olawula wonke umuntu ukholelwa esikhathini esizayo. Amakhulu amasosha kanye nezakhamizi zingcwatshwa nsuku zonke endaweni enkulu kakhulu engamakhilomitha angaphezu kwesithupha.

Ngaphambi kokufa, uShiah wathanda izihlobo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yezwe ukuthutha imizimba yabo eNajaf. Ukuhunyushwa kwangempela kwegama lamathuna kuzwakale njenge "isigodi sokufa," lapho kukhona indawo yokungcwaba kuyo yonke imitha yesikwele. Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 bathola lapha isiphephelo sokugcina.

Iminyaka Yezimpi

Kusukela ngo-2003, lapho amaMelika ehlasela i-Iraq, lezi zihlubuki zafihla emathuneni, zithemba usizo luka Allah. Ngo-2004, impi yangempela yahamba ensimini yayo, ishiya ukubhujiswa kanye nemigodi evela ekuqhumeni. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwafika abantu abangu-250-300 bangcwatshwa. Yonke imikhosi yayihlonishwa ngisho nangaphansi kokusongelwa kwe-shelling. Izidumbu zageza futhi ziboshwe ngesigqoko esimhlophe. Imithandazo yomngcwabo yafundwa ethuneni lika-Ali, emva kwalokho umfelwa washaya kathathu emzimbeni we-Imam Mahdi. Ama-gravestones ayefafazwa ngamanzi angcwele, umzila owawusakhiwa ngaso sonke isikhathi emnyango we-mausoleum.

Amangcwaba akakaze abe ngaphansi kwe-shelling, umyalelo kuwo unikezwa izinsizakalo zombuso. Babuye bangcwabe amasosha, kodwa amathuna abo angaphansi kokuvikelwa kwenkolo. Amacwecwe amatshe afundwa yizihlobo ze-Qur'an ezivela lonke elase-Iraq. Ku-mausoleum ka-Imam Mahdi njalo ngoLwesine, umthandazo wokugunyazwa wenziwa - umthandazo.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

• Ngokudabukisayo, eNajaf ngokwayo abantu bangaphansi kwesigidi abantu, kanti "iSigodi Sokufa" sidlula inombolo yaso ngesilinganiso se-6-7. Inani eliqondile labafileyo alikwazi ukubiza noma ubani.
• Ubuningi bokungcwaba buphikisana nemigomo yangasese, kodwa lokhu akuvimbeli amathuna ukuba aqhubeke esebenza.
• I-UNESCO ihlongozwa ukufaka ukungcwatshwa ohlwini lwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu bekuphikiswa umyalo waseMelika, ofuna ukuhlehlisa isinqumo. Ayitholakali kuze kube manje.
• Amathuna ayenziwe nge-gypsum kanye nezitini ezishisayo. Abantu abacebile basendaweni bakhiqiza izikhala zomndeni, kufaka phakathi komhlaba, lapho izitebhisi ezide zihola khona.
• Uma umSulumane ekhashelwa kwenye indawo emhlabeni, lokhu akusikho ukuphikisana kokubuyisela kabusha kuNajjab.
• Amathuna angama-30-40 ahlukaniswa phakathi kwabanye ngenxa yokuphakama kwamamitha amathathu we-spiers ezungezile.

I-Afterword

Amathuna amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni akhule ngo-40% ngenxa yezenzo zempi zamuva. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulinganisa okunjalo "kwedolobha labafileyo" akunakwenzeka esifundeni esinokuthula, esifundeni. Impi yiyona eyinhloko eyingozi ephendulela indawo yamazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi ibe isifunda lapho kukhona khona abafile kakhulu kunelabaphilayo.