Concept futhi izinhlobo yokukhululeka umthwalo lobugebengu we Russian Federation

igama elithi "umthwalo lobugebengu" kabanzi lisetshenziswe Ikhodi Criminal Procedure kanye Criminal Code. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa umkhuba okuphenya kanye zokwahlulela, ithiyori ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Isihloko liphathelene umqondo nezinhlobo oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo ekukhokheni necala lobugebengu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela ezimbalwa ukuze nenchazelo.

Asho necala lobugebengu?

Theory komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa, kulesi sikhungo kubhekwa ezicini ezimbili: isimo esihle sengqondo futhi okuphambene - ezingezinhle. Esimweni sokuqala lokhu kubizwa ngokusentshenziswa uhlobo ukusabela okungekuhle lomphakathi kwi- nokuziphatha okungekho emthethweni owakhiwa ukusetshenziswa unswinyo ethile ngokumelene isephulamthetho womuntu noma abantu abathize. Ngasohlangothini lokuhle akuhileli kokunikezwa kwe-nezimfuneko eziqanjwe.

necala lobugebengu kumele aqondwe njengokufaka ethile ifomu of icala lomthetho, esungulwe ngumthetho ngamacala athile, futhi saqhubekela abaphehla kubo. It luyasetshenziswa esebenzisa sibe isijeziso lapho isinqumo okuhambisanayo.

Umqondo yokukhululeka umthwalo lobugebengu kanye nesimo

Sisekelwe eenkambisweni futhi kuchazwe ngendlela ehambisana nezinjongo zawo, kusobala ukuthi impendulo wombuso kokunikezwa kwe-enqabelo zokuhlola ezasungulwa kubo, ukuba akunakugwenywa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nezimo. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukugwema ngokweqile ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu lobugebengu noma izivimbelo ngokungadingekile amalungelo esisemthethweni kanye nezithakazelo. Mayelana ngokuvamile yini okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe futhi elungile (enobuntu fair) Isixazululo amafomu kancane ezinzima kokusebenza okunjena. Kulokhu, singaxoxa mayelana nomqondo oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo ekukhokheni necala lobugebengu. ngokucacile yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi yasekhaya uphenyo, umtjhutjhisi namkha ijaji maqondana umuntu ebugebengwini ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile umthetho lobugebengu ngokuqiniseka ngeke ozibekile, umuntu ozuza isimo "abangenaso isimo irekhodi lobulelesi." Nokho, lokho akusho ukuthi akanacala noma ukungabi kuleli cala icala lobugebengu. Akafuni ezikhishwe, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi komthetho we-civil, isibopho bahlanganise izindleko zomthetho, cishe isijeziso zokuphatha noma kwezigwegwe, ukulahlwa umphakathi nesijeziso. Isimo kulokhu kusukela nokushushiswa unecala akenqabi, kodwa kuphela osebenza kuye izinyathelo ephumelela kakhulu futhi ezithambile.

Izinhlobo yokukhululeka necala lobugebengu

Izinhlobo ezibalwe ngezansi kuchazwa ngokuthi into ehlukile: wokubuyisana isisulu, ukuphenduka, ophela yisimiso ukulinganiselwa. Kunezizathu ethize ihanjiswa ku amanothi ezihlokweni eziningi we Criminal Code. Umqondo nezinhlobo oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo ekukhokheni necala lobugebengu likhona ushwele, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa izinyathelo sibhekwe kumuntu sesiqhubeke ubugebengu ngaphambi kokufinyelela eminyakeni ewu 18, ngesimo ithonya zemfundo.

ukuphenduka asebenzayo

Zonke izinhlobo yokukhululeka umthwalo lobugebengu practice isicelo oda articles Criminal Code, kuyaqondakala kulokhu Art. 75. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezingase umuntu owenze isono esikhulu ubugebengu okokuqala a kobukhulu encane noma medium, kusukela umthwalo lobugebengu zikhululwe uma kwakukhona: ababekhona (ayimpoqo yokuzithandela) nomuzwa wecala, ukusiza uphenyo, ukuliliswa noma ngenye silungise ukuba isisulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi isilinganiso kungenzeka nge izimo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ubugebengu kufanele ziye uzibophezele okokuqala ngumuntu, noma uma kwakukhona ngokuqiniseka, kodwa icala noma esikhokhelwayo, noma uma umuntu isivele baphume kusukela necala lobugebengu. Okwesibili, amandla adonsela phansi encane noma isilinganiso isenzo. Okwesithathu, isicelo sokukhululwa kusukela necala lobugebengu kanye ukuphenduka asebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ikhomishana, izenzo ezithile ukhonkolo elikhombisa ukuthi umuntu Uyazisola bese uqinisekisa ukususwa ingozi social isimo isenzo. Lokhu, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, sokunikela ngokuzithandela, usizo ngokuzithandela emagunyeni okuphenya nezinkantolo ukusungula izimo (langempela) ubugebengu nokunye. D. Futhi imfuneko ukusetshenziswa ukuphenduka esebenzayo khona zonke izimo ngokuhambisana ingxenye yokuqala sizohlaziya 75th of Criminal Code.

Zizathu zokuthi ungakhokhiswa necala lobugebengu kuba wokugcina, awushintsheki futhi ngokuphelele futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ke asikwazi ukuhlehliswa.

Ukubuyisana ne party abanezikhalo

yokukhululwa kwenzeke necala lobugebengu lomuntu ikhomishana icala ezincane noma phakathi uma wabuyisana isisulu nokwenza ukubuyisana umonakalo owenziwe kuye. Ngesisekelo kulokhu isethi zonke izimo. Abokuqala ababili kuleli cala zifana kunjalo odlule. Isimo ethize kuyinto yokubuyisana yangempela kanye isinxephezelo komonakalo (zokuziphatha kanye / noma impahla). Lo mkhankaso kulokhu kungavela hhayi kuphela kusukela ebekwa icala, kodwa we isisulu noma abanye abantu, kuhlanganise nezidumbu okuphenya kanye zokwahlulela. Nokho, ukwenza kanjalo nakanjani, basuke kungadingeki. Ngokwe wacabangela isizinda ukukhululwa kwe umuntu umthwalo lobugebengu - lena akuyona isibopho, kodwa ilungelo iziphathimandla okuphenya noma ezidinga ikomiti yokwahlulela. Kule ndaba kunesinye imfuneko. Ifanele abomthetho kudingeka aqaphele ngesisekelo ifayela uma nokufaneleka isenzo.

isimiso ukulinganiselwa

Yokukhululwa ngaphansi kwamazinga Criminal Code of icala kule phansi, ebujameni lapho usuku we ikhomishini yesenzo sobugebengu okwenzeka:

• iminyaka engu-2 (amandla adonsela phansi encane izenzo);
• iminyaka 6 (Isisindo esivamile);
• iminyaka engu-10 (sina);
• iminyaka engu-15 (olunzima).

Ngokusho imithetho jikelele eziphathelene ukubala imigomo, isikhathi oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo ekukhokheni umthwalo lobugebengu kufanele kubhekwe kusukela amahora 00:00 ngosuku olulandela usuku lapho senziwa isenzo sobugebengu, futhi kuze 00:00 amahora ngosuku lokugcina lokuphila. Nokho, kumelwe sikhumbule a ezicashile ambalwa. Phakathi nenkathi komkhawulo uyakuba necala ukumiswa, lapho umuntu ebugebengwini lifihle kusukela emizimbeni uphenyo noma ubulungiswa, futhi saqala kusukela ngosuku ukuboshwa langempela noma sokunikela ngokuzithandela.

isizinda ukukhululwa

izimo yokukhululwa umthwalo lobugebengu yalolu hlobo akhiwa sesethi izimo letihlelekile naletingakahleleki zomthetho wabalula emthethweni, futhi zisekelwe langempela (impahla) isisekelo. Isho okuningi mayelana ngamunye. Kwezimo zomthetho zihlanganisa:

• umnqamulajuqu esabekwa sivumele isishaya-mthetho, futhi kuncike esigabeni zobugebengu;
• kwezimo kuvimbela nezikhathi komkhawulo angekho (umuntu ebugebengwini akusho anqikaze uphenyo nokuqulwa kwecala, kodwa awuzange kushushiswe).

Ngaphansi langempela base impahla noma ukucabangela lesishaya waqonda obonakaliswe izimo ezibalwe ngenhla. Itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umuntu ubugebengu, hhayi ukuletha kwezobulungiswa ngesikhathi futhi okuholela okwengeziwe ngendlela ezigcina umthetho wokuphila, ziyingozi emphakathini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulahlekelwa ingxenye noma ngokugcwele. Kule ndaba, isidingo ephoqelela unswinyo olubhekiswe iphele.

On icala ngokufana yokukhululeka necala lobugebengu (Criminal Code) uzakuba ngokuphelele, awushintsheki futhi ecacile, asikwazi kukhanselwe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.

imibuzo isicelo

Elinye lamaphuzu ezibaluleke kakhulu - kuyinto ulwazi ubani okufanele ukubhekana nale nkinga. Lesi senzo kubhekwa phezu isizinda kuzo zonke izimo - kungumsebenzi oqondile kokugcinwa komthetho. Kuzo zonke imithetho zikhona ezehlukile. Yokukhululeka necala lobugebengu (Code Criminal, engxenyeni yesine sihloko 78th) kulabo utholakale enecala kumacala elinesijeziso ngokuvalelwa ejele ukuphila, noma ukufa, akuyona impoqo, kungakhathaliseki isidlulile singakanani isikhathi kusukela ngosuku ukuthunywa kwabo. Umbuzo isicelo maqondana abanjalo, isimiso ukulinganiselwa bekulokhu enkantolo. Ucabangela ungubani isephulamthetho, kobukhulu icala, isikhathi eye sekudlule kusukela lenzeka, kanye nezinye izimo.

Noma yimuphi umthetho basekhaya ngokuhlanganyela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho, Article 78 soMthetho Criminal Code ngokuphathelene isethi yesihlanu omunye ukukhishelwa yisimiso ukulinganiselwa: maqondana nabantu abaye bahileleka sina obenziwa esintwini (ukuthula nokulondeka), bona azisebenzi.

ushwele

Incazelo kanye nemibuzo sokusebenza kwawo kubantu benamacala imbozwe sihloko 84 Criminal Code. Ngo incazelo yalo original kule nguqulo kusukela umqondo yesiGreki "ushwele" kusho lokukhohlwa noma, ngamanye amazwi, ukuthethelelwa, okuyinto ayinika amandla. Concept futhi izinhlobo yokukhululeka umthwalo lobugebengu kuhlanganisa isenzo kahle kwemandla embuso (lomthetho). It ishicilelwe maqondana abantu elingacacisiwe abaye benza isenzo lobugebengu. Ngokwe-isenzo ushwele, bangase ikhululwe ekuhlanganyeleni isijeziso (noma-ke othwala off, kuphenduke ngenye, nalabo izakhamuzi ukuthi ihambe, isuswe enecala) noma necala lobugebengu. Lo mbhalo uthi uMbuso Duma we Russian Federation. Amnesty ngokwesimo sawo kuyinto sikhungo eziyinkimbinkimbi komthetho.

ukuxolelwa

It has ezinye umehluko oyisisekelo kusukela ushwele. Okokuqala, kuxolelwa isicelo kuphela kumuntu othize. Okwesibili, unamandla kuphela uMongameli we Russian Federation. Ukuxolelwa ayinayo uhlamvu normative, kuwukuziphatha kokugcinwa. Sisebenza abantu athize abekiweko ngqo kulo.

Izinkinga oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo ekukhokheni necala lobugebengu ukuze isenzo ukuxolelwa kukhona imikhakha eyahlukene emvelweni, kuhlanganisa umthetho lobugebengu, zemithetho kanye nomthethosisekelo, inqubo lobugebengu neyokuphatha izici.

yokukhululwa elingekho emthethweni kusukela necala lobugebengu

Eenkambisweni zobulelesi, enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko - kuba ukuvezwa ephelele futhi okusheshayo ubugebengu ukuze adalule laba benzi bokubi futhi isicelo sabo maqondana Isijeziso esifanele thina. Kule ndaba ukubaluleka yokukhululwa emthethweni kusukela necala lobugebengu. Of Criminal Code yiSigaba 21 kuze kuzokwenziwa ngendlela uphenyo izidumbu umshushisi ziwumthwalo izibopho ezithile. Baqamba amanga ukuqaliswa umshushisi uma ithola izimpawu ubugebengu. Indlela ukukhulula kangakanani ukwenza isinqumo alichitha icala ngaphansi Criminal Code noma ukwenqaba ukuqalisa.

Ngakho, ukukhulula emthethweni kusukela umthwalo lobugebengu okusongelayo futhi akabonisi izimiso eziyisisekelo ekulweni nobugebengu, esishayisana postulate ka kwesiphetho isijeziso. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke ukuhlanganisa ukwephula operation evamile isimiso sokwahlulela.

Ngemva kokuhlola imibuzo eyinhloko "Concept nezinhlobo oluphathelene nokukhululwa kwabo ekukhokheni umthwalo lobugebengu", singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi isikhungo esibalulekile lo mthetho umkhakha. Kudinga Ukutadisha ngokucophelela kanye ngcono ngokuhambisana nomthetho wabantu bonke emhlabeni jikelele.