Bobani mujahideen? Mujahideen Afghan naseSiriya

Kuze kube manje, kukhona amaqembu amaningi olukhulu emhlabeni abazama ngempoqo ukufeza eminye yemigomo yabo. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ngobani mujahideen. Futhi, ungakwazi ukufunda mayelana amaqembu ezivamile kanye nezindawo zabo.

Bobani mujahideen?

Lokhu amaqembu okungajwayelekile ahlomile ogama Inhloso ekulweleni ukholo. Banezinhliziyo orientation olukhulu. Okungukuthi, ukuze baxazulule izinkinga zabo, ayesebenzisa steel abandayo kanye nezibhamu. Kusukela ekuqaleni ukhona, futhi kwamiswa 70s sekwephuzile, mujahideen babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izihlubuki, ababelwa nezitha ayehlasele, infidels emazweni abo. Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke kuyinto Afghanistan.

Ukuya ukwakheka amadoda wendawo owayengesabi azisetshenziswa ebuthweni njalo. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho mujahideen Army kudinga uxhaso njalo futhi eside, ngakho ngokuvamile ayathanda ukuhanjiswa samandla ayezozibusa. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona zokwakheka yaseSiriya Afghan kanye Chechen.

Umlando indawo okuvela kuyo mujahideen Afghan

Yaqala ngo-1979, lapho amabutho aseSoviet yangena kuleli zwe. Umsebenti wabo main kwaba ukulwa imisebenzi "zemfundo" Union nemizamo yayo ukuketula uhulumeni wamanje. Nokho, iqembu yahlakazeka khona ngemva kwempi. Bakha omunye ukunyakaza - Taliban. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Afghan mujahideen ube elinye igama - ". Spooks"

The main ukushayela force of la maqembu ubulokhu kusengaphambili kuyinkolelo yokuthi. Lokho, baqala "impi engcwele," Jihad nabo bonke abakhuleka akazange ayamukele imibono yabo. Kulokhu, ama-Afghan wazizwa enesibopho ukwethula abaqothule infidels Muslim. Ngenxa yalesi, ngokuvumelana mujahideen, kufanele siqiniseke ukuya ezulwini emva kokufa.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo lezi zihlubuki abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi zihlukaniswa esakhamuzini elinokuthula. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-Spooks babegqoke ngendlela efanayo njengoba abantu abavamile: e ihembe elula, abamnyama waistcoat kanye nomshuqulo.

Ikakhulukazi amaqembu imisebenzi

Uma wazi ukuthi ungubani mujahideen, ukufunda ngendlela babelwa. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo ibutho labavukeli lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu ahlukene ngobukhulu kanye nokusungulwa. Izikhombisi eyinhloko yomsebenzi yawo kwakuyilawa:

- izenzo zobuphekula;

- ukuketula imisebenzi;

- missile ukuhlaselwa izindiza kanye emhlabathini ukulwa amayunithi amabutho aseSoviet;

- abaqamekeli nge okumba amafa amasu (ikakhulukazi siphela);

- labadubuli ku ngohide izimoto nesikimu ezempi kanye zezenhlalakahle.

Inombolo ephelele mujahideen ngo-1989 zaba ingxenye yesine ka kwesigidi abantu. Kufanele ukuthi benzela eyinqaba. Lokho, kunamaqembu aye azama ukundlula kokuhilizisana ngqo amabutho njalo, okuyinto Yiqiniso, ungcono kakhulu kunabo ngazo izinombolo. Nokho, abazange azokuqhubela impi ngokugcwele ngokumelene abahlaseli, akazange azame ukuthatha izinto ngobugebengu-off isikhathi eside futhi ngokuvamile isinyathelo ngokungalindelekile.

Kwethulwa kumiswa olukhulu kuqala wazama inkulumo-ze esebenzayo phakathi bendawo, ositshela mayelana "isitha" infidels abafuna ukuyokudla ezweni labo. Ngenxa yalesi abangakwenza ukuze ahehe abantu abangenacala abalinganiselwa ngaphezulu. Ngokulandelayo, ngosizo izenzo zobuphekula futhi ukuketula kuvulela sihlanganise ukuchithwa okuphelele isitha. A kamuva olwenziwa shanela abaningi base isitha.

Abashokobezi ahlomile

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi ngobani mujahideen, isikhathi sesifikile ukutshela onjani amandla ukulwa alihlutha. Okokuqala, mangisho ukuthi zonke izikhali eyasetshenziswa lezi zihlubuki, yathengwa e China ne-United States. On esele ye amayunithi babe Kalashnikovs, desyatizaryadnye Bur izibhamu, izibhamu, ezinkulu-osezingeni, RPG, ukushaya izibhamu M-16A1, izigqulo esikhulu osezingeni izibhamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, anemisila ngezibhamu anti-aircraft futhi ukufaka izimayini, izakhiwo ephathekayo kukho ukubhubha indiza.

Ngisho ku arsenal mujahideen babe anti-tank anti-izisebenzi ezimayini, amabhomu namabhomu. Ngenxa ezifana nebutho izihlubuki ahlomile, njalo oxhaswe abathintekayo, angase adale ingozi embi ukuba amabutho esitha. Phela, bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi amasosha amaningi aseSoviet Kushone Afghanistan.

Abaholi bamaqembu olukhulu kanye nabangani babo

Uma ngobani mujahideen, ufundile kakade, cishe ngeke bakhathazeke ngokuthi bangobani akuholile ngayo le amaqembu. Abaholi edume kunayo amaqembu ezizivelelayo yilezi: Ismail Khan, Abdul Ali Mazari, Said Mansour nabanye.

Futhi, izikhathi eziningana abaholi ithimba ngabanye abuthele imifelandawonye. Inyunyana okuqala lahlelwa ngo-1982 futhi wabizwa ngokuthi "Peshawar Eziyisikhombisa." Indlunkulu kumiswa kwaba ePakistan. I "Alliance of Eight" lahlelwa. Ngo ukwakheka ngamunye ifakiwe, ngokulandelana, 7 no-8-Afghanistan amaqembu.

Afghan mujahideen kwadingeka umbimbi: MI6 (intelligence British), e-CIA, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, China ne-Iran. Imisebenzi amaqembu oxhaswe uxhaso, akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo ezimayini zegolide, kanye ukudayiswa kwezidakamizwa.

Ikakhulukazi mujahideen yaseSiriya

Mangisho ukuthi isenzo elinjalo ezinkulu imfundo hhayi kuphela e-Afghanistan. Ngokwesibonelo, e Syria mojaheds - amaqembu angaphezu kuka-400, okuyinto isinyathelo ngokumelene amandla ngendlela efanayo olukhulu. Ithonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza okunjalo Saudi Arabia, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ethi "Army yamaSulumane".

Isici esikhethekile eyethulwe izinhlangano ukuthi umzimba kuphela lomthetho wabo sharia. Ngokwemvelo, ngaphambi ukuvela Army kwenzeka ngo Syria ayezozibusa, lapho ikhanda Rebel steel mojaheds ezizivelelayo. Mangisho ukuthi phakathi amalungu ala maqembu kwenzeke ingozi.

Kuze kube manje, iqembu njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu ezweni yilona "Brigade Islam", okuyinto ngokuqinile kuphazanyiswa noma ezinye izinto. Isibalo mujahideen e Syria namuhla kuyanda.

Ikakhulukazi imisebenzi Chechen mujahideen

kwakhiwa amaqembu amelwe phakathi nokuhlaselwa wokuqala Russian of Chechnya ngo-1994. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabutho Russian kwakufanele ukulawula imfundo engaziwa - Chechen Republic Ichkeria. Nokho, inhlangano olukhulu efuna secession abavela eRussia nase-yakha isimo sabo siqu, akazange ufuna ukuyeka. Chechen mujahideen ekusungulwe esebenzayo hhayi kuphela kule ndawo, kodwa kulo lonke elaseRussia.

imisebenzi yabo focus wasebamba futhi namanje izenzo zobuphekula futhi ukuketula imisebenzi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Chechen kumiswa olukhulu zisekhona kuyingozi kakhulu futhi baqhubeke 'impi wenkululeko "yabo.

Uyini umehluko mujahideen kanye Taliban?

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo isici esiyinhloko Ukuhlanganiswa la maqembu ukuba ukuqhuba "impi engcwele". Nokho, i-Taliban kanye mujahideen banemibono engafani akuzo izindlela ngxabano. Ikakhulukazi jihad bendabuko ilungelo side yokuwina angajeziswa yokweba bhinqa labantu umaluju. Ukuqondisa okunjalo futhi ukhethe i-Taliban. Umsebenti wabo eyinhloko inhlangano isimo, ngaphandle lapho Sharia ngeke ukwazi ukwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla main ukushayela inkolelo Taliban. Amanani Material azibalulekile kubo. Ngenxa ukungazi, laba bantu inonya.

Ngokuqondene mujahideen, they qhubeka kude kwezinye izinkolelo (futhi kusukela ngo-1992 kuphela). Inhloso umzabalazo wabo kuyinto ukulawula imithombo. Ziyakwazi abafundile olwengeziwe futhi ungamlahli impahla.