Black uhlu amabhange Russian

Kuleminyaka izinyanga eziyisithupha Russian ukudiyazela yasebhange umphakathi: omunye izihloko esiyinhloko ingxoxo kwakungamadodana amabhange ezisebusweni lokuvinjiwe. Kuyini lokhu ohlwini, futhi yini esongela inhlangano angangeni uhlu lolu hlobo?

amabhange Okokuqala lokuvinjelwe zavela cishe 10 edlule, futhi ehlobo lika-2004. Khona-ke Central Bank olwenziwa omunye izinkampani kuqala "ahlanzekile-up" yayo lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo zamabhange akuleli kusuka abadlali abangathembekile. Walkers phezu blacklists inethiwekhi ngomfutho ukungathembani mutual emakethe ye interbank abolekise, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni zezimali amabhange eziningana ezincane kanye naphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano eziningana ziye zalahlekelwa amalayisensi abo, kodwa Umlawuli wakwazi ukugcina isimo ngaphansi kolawulo futhi kuvimbele ngendathane bankruptcies.

kuwukuzikhohlisa umcabango

Phakathi no-November 2013 kwaba igagasi lokuqala amahebezi innuendo mayelana nokusimama kwezikhungo ezithile credit. Inhloko Central Bank Elvira Nabiullina phakathi zonke izingxoxo waphikisa lokhu kwaziswa, futhi ngaphandle kokuthola ukhathele, ngiyaphinda, ukuthi Umlawuli engakathenjiswa umshado ekubhaleni iyiphi stop-uhlu. Endaweni efanayo olwabiwa Association of Banks isiRashiya, enqabe khona ukuqaphela ukhona blacklists.

Ukubukeka ulwazi olufana ubuholi Central Bank futhi ARB uchaza amaqiniso of ekuncintisaneni e kwamabhange, impendulo kungenzeka phezu ingxenye amakhasimende ezinkulu amabhange beqhuba imisebenzi zemali, kanye isifiso esithile ababoleka enkulu musa abuyisele ukubolekisa enkulu ngemva sokwesulwa amalayisensi bona beye bazama.

Winter 2014: isikhathi ukulahlekelwa amabhange

Ukumelwa owembule namiphumela, kodwa iningi baseRussia njalo ekuseni baqala ngokuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iziphi amabhange basesimweni black hlu lufaka usuku wamanje. Naphezu zamanje umshwalense idiphozi uhlelo, abanye abatshalizimali wakhetha ukuhoxisa imali yabo kusuka izinhlangano engase eziyinkinga. Tinhloko izinkampani nge -akhawunti emabhange, sabanjwa uhlu obala futhi ayethanda baphethe kuzo imali.

Ngokushesha, bebhange eziningi, ukukhumbula abadumile bathi imali othanda ukuthula, wayeka ukuphawula ngesihloko blacklists. Uma izintatheli bakwazi ukuthola ulwazi ngale ndaba, bekungenxa ncishana kakhulu futhi sobuntu sokuhlalisana ngokuthula.

Ubude mpendulo Ochwepheshe lancipha inkulumo ethi classical: "Live - ukubona". Ikakhulukazi, unobhala press of "SMP Bank" Igor Ilyukhin ngesikhathi enengxoxo "Bankir.ru" kusho ukuthi yena ngokwakhe has 3 blacklists, eyayinesihloko, kuhlanganise inhlangano kanye ilayisensi № 1481, okungukuthi, "Sberbank Russia. "

Okuncane ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. ulwazi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye amabhange ezisohlwini black uhlu, aye alahlekelwa incazelo ke ngempela ilayisensi yayo. Omunye izinhlu ezinjalo equkethe izinhlangano 48, yanyatheliswa ngo-December 4, 2013. Kusukela manje kuze kube sekupheleni ngekota yokuqala ka-2014 yasuswa amalayisense amabhange 12 okwakusemhlabathini uhlu. Phakathi "oshonile kwesikhathi":

• Disemba 2013 - "Project ngezimali Bank", "ebhange utshalomali", "insika-Bank", "Smolensk", "Askold".
• Januwari 2014 - "Bank wami".
• Februwari 2014 - "Xhumanisa Bank", "Eurotrust".
• Mashi 2014 - "Russian Land Bank", "Monolith", "Sovincom", "amandla ibhizinisi".

Ngakho, ulwazi mayelana nesimo esibi sezimali kanye nokwenzeka ilayisensi lokuhoxisa ingxenye yesine credit izikhungo kusukela lokunqatshelwe waqinisekisa kuphela izinyanga ezine. Kungenzeka ukuthi eshiwo ngenhla uhlu black amabhange Russian senziwa ngesisekelo ulwazi ngaphakathi atholakale abalobi bayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwaba umphumela kokuhlaziya izinkomba main yabangamashumi amahlanu yasekhaya credit izikhungo. Kulokhu, umuntu angabona kuphela zibabaza ivolumu umsebenzi owawenziwa futhi ukuba yiqiniso kwalesi okutholakele.

Inhlangano ye nokuqapha amabhange ...

CB (ngaphakathi zoMthetho Federal № 86-FZ) yengamela amabhange, inqubomgomo yezezimali kanye credit yabo eqhubekayo, Imikhondo ukuthengiselana osolisayo kwenhlangano kanye namakhasimende ayo. Ngokuhambisana nezidingo umlamuli ethunyelwe idluliselwe kuzo zonke amabhange Central Bank ibika ukuthengiselana, futhi ukwenza kanjalo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi futhi nsuku kokuqhubeka.

Central Bank njalo uhlola zonke zokuthenga ngesikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa olunzulu yiliphi ibhangi kuyakuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1 isikhathi eminyakeni 3. Ngalesi ukuhlolwa uhlola ngokucophelela ubukhulu nokwakheka kolimi ngokuqondene nezimpahla kanye nezikweletu lesikhungo credit, izici ekhethekile agcwele kungapheli kwato. Ngaphezu eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kukhona ukuhlolwa thematic, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.

Ngaphezu kokuqondisa, "Central Bank", "Monitoring lwezezimali" - kohlaka ukuqaliswa nezidingo uMthetho 115-FZ - uthola nsuku zonke kusukela amabhange amashumi ezinkulungwane imiyalezo mayelana nokusebenza okuqhubekayo kubo, bakwazi ukugqoka womuntu ongabazisayo. Akucaci ngayiphi injongo bazoya zonke lezi yinqwaba ulwazi, uma akusiyo uthuthukisa ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo ezanele credit izikhungo ezephula izidingo kwalo mthetho.

... kanye nemiphumela yayo

Kukhona umqondo ogcwele kubantu wokuthi amabhange awa phakathi black uhlu, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene Central Bank ngaphansi kolawulo ekhethekile. Ngempela, isimo sezimali ebhange ngamunye ukulawula Ochwepheshe impela kucacile futhi kuyaqondakala. Lapho lokhu kungeke kwenzeke esikhathini esifushane ukushintsha nganoma iyiphi indlela ephawulekayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi, ngesisekelo ulwazi wathola Central Bank angakha kahle uhlu lwakho siqu black amabhange, ngokuvamile uthole inhlangano abadinga ukuqiniswa ababaphathisiwe.

Central Bank inebanga amathuluzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza lesikhungo esikweletu ukuvimbela ucabanga yayo, kanye sokwesulwa ilayisensi yasebhange - lena isilinganiso ezinzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, njalo icala sinjalo icala lochwepheshe bentando indawo, "Central Bank".

Ngenxa yalokho, izizathu eziyinhloko eholele kulokhu sokwesulwa amalayisensi kakhulu lamabhange, Central Bank soxhumana ukuhlinzeka izitatimende ezingamanga, enifeza Inqubomgomo credit ephezulu, kanye nabanye ababengewona ama-ukugcwaliseka elawula imisebenzi yabo.

izenzo nkomoni ezingalindelekile emabhange

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokunqatshelwe kwemibiko esakazwa kabanzi amabhange (ngo-2014), ukubukeka kwayo ngcono ekuncintisaneni. Ikakhulukazi, ubhoko ezinye ehola credit izikhungo wanxusa amakhasimende ayo ukuze uthumele imali kusuka amabhange okusolwa ukuthi zitholakala kwi uhlu lokusula ilayisensi.

Umlawuli ukwenqena ukuphendula umbuzo kanjani ukuthola black uhlu amabhange, kanye ukuntuleka ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana isimo sangempela of credit izikhungo abaye bawela ke, kwaholela ukudluliswa omkhulu imali bezakhamuzi kwenye amabhange nge isimo iqhaza. Kuphela ikota IV 2013 ngevolumu idiphozithi yanoma kuzakhamizi "Savings Bank" kukhuphuke ngo-7.8% ngo-ibhange "VTB" - ngu 4.7%.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlaziywa nenqubo

Zikhona amabhange specific black uhlu Central Bank, noma laphefumulelwa enye inkampani ngemakethe imvume kusukela mncintiswano, manje akubalulekile kangako. Kodwa ku ukusungulwa uhlu "amhlophe" Kuye umemezele ngokusemthethweni.

Ekupheleni 2013 Central Bank isungule ezibhekwayo izonqunywa okubizwa ngokuthi amabhange systemically ezibalulekile. Lezi zindlela eziyinhloko Kuphakanyiswe ukuthi wawungakanani amafa umsebenzi interbank emakethe (ngokwehlukana - njengoba umbolekisi kanye umboleki njengoba) kanye ivolumu imali ngasese.

Ngesisekelo ngalezi zinkomba uboniswa zokuhlala "kufinyeta umphumela" ukubaluleka okhombisa degree of ukubaluleka yasebhange Russian uhlelo yasebhange. Uhlu yonyaka bayohlanganisa labo zokuthenga ngesikweletu kabani "zamagama yi" idlula 0.6.

"White" uhlu

Abadlali esiyinhloko indawo uhlu systemically ezibalulekile credit zikhungo amabhange kahulumeni: Savings Bank, "VTB", "Agricultural Bank", "Gazprombank" nabanye. Uhlu ungathola amabhange ezinkulu ezifana yangasese, njengoba "Alfa-Bank", "PSB", "nomos Bank", "Ibhange lase-Moscow." Kusobala ukuthi ukuba khona kohlu "amhlophe" kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela sesikweletu ukuba kusetshenziswe izinto zoMbuso, ikakhulukazi Central Bank sokubolekwayo nokuhlanganyela indali ilungelo ukusingatha imali ka kahulumeni kanye embuso corporations.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufika uhlu olunjalo kuyinto ukunakwa eyengeziwe okuqhubekayo ukulawula imisebenzi. Kukholakala ukuthi abanye amabhange yangasese kuzonciphisa isibalo imisebenzi yebhizinisi, ukuba ubalekele ukunakwa kakhulu Central Bank.

izidingo ezintsha ezingu-ukuthembeka amabhange, ukusebenza ngezimali zikahulumeni

Ekupheleni kukaNdasa kulo nyaka kwaziwa ukuthi Ministry Ezezimali kanye Government of the Russian Federation uhlose ukuba abukeze uhlu amabhange lapho ezohulumeni bazovunyelwa esikhathini esizayo ukubeka izimali zabo. Ngokusho iphrojekthi athuthukile "Bank of Russia", izinkampani zikahulumeni uzokwazi ukubeka imali okwesikhashana khulula kuphela lezo zinhlangano, isilinganiso kabani eside akukhona aphansi ukwedlula Bbb (by Fitch noma Standard & Abampofu sika version) noma Baa3 (ngokuvumelana uMoody) ngokuhambisana nemigomo imali ibekwe.

bebhange Russian asabela ngayo emisha ngaphandle intshiseko, balibheka njengobufakazi enye inkampani ngenhloso bagcwalise olungekho emthethweni uhlu black amabhange nge-credit izikhungo, ngasizathu simbe akudingeki izilinganiso kusukela lezi ejensi. Umbono jikelele emphakathini yasebhange obonakaliswe enengxoxo iphephandaba "Izvestia" omele FBK Roman eKönigsberg. Ngokusho kwakhe, umqondo nokubekwa kwezimali zomphakathi amabhange okuthembekile, lulonke lusesimweni umsindo futhi ilungile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa amazinga international njengoba primary kokuhlaziywa umbandela ngokuyinhloko moot.

Izici amazinga

Yesikhathi eside ejensi yokulinganisela ezakha "big abathathu", has 78 amabhange zasekhaya kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilinganiso ngamazwe ngokuyinhloko subjective, bona ngokuya acabangele isimo inqubomgomo angaphandle, kunokuba isimo ezingokoqobo isikhungo credit. Agency - ngaphansi ukucindezela izakhiwo ezithile Western - kungenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi ukuhoxisa Izilinganiso ezinikwe kubo, lokhu kungabangela ubunzima obukhulu amabhange Russian iqhaza ezinhlelweni isimo.

Kuhlelwe izidingo kokuqina yezinhlangano credit isilinganiso kufanele kuholele nokuncipha kwenani iqhaza idiphozi indali cishe ingxenye yako. Ngokwezazi ezithile uchwepheshe ulinganisela ukuthi indali enjalo uyogcina bavunyelwe mayelana kweshumi amabhange ezintathu. Kuyacaca ukuthi izinhlangano eziye bungaveli ukuncintisanela kumitfombolusito yahulumende, ngokuzenzakalelayo azisizi entsha "uhlu black of 2014 amabhange".

Yini okulandelayo?

Engxenyeni 2014 yesibili, ochwepheshe babikezela, ngesilinganiso "ukuhlanzwa" wemakethe yasebhange ukunqabela kancane, kodwa umsebenzi ukuhlonza izinhlangano eziyinkinga izoqhubeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-April 17, aye alahlekelwa incazelo amalayisensi abo ukuze uthole enye i 2 amabhange zesifunda: Dagestan "iCaspian" futhi Bashkir "AF Bank". Kumele kuqapheleke futhi ukuthi lezi zokuthenga ngesikweletu akufakiwe black uhlu amabhange, ngoba wathatha indawo ongaphakeme kule simo, futhi izinkinga main baye baqala kuphela ngo-2014. Ngokwezazi ezithile uchwepheshe ulinganisela ngo-2014 uzolahlekelwa amalayisensi abo mayelana amabhange, anamanci mahlanu.