Basic Linux imiyalo

Lapho ukusebenza Linux yesistimu yokusebenza eziningi amaqembu ehlukene asetshenziswa, kusukela eyisisekelo kunazo, ziphethe ezingavamile futhi kancane eyaziwa. Okokuqala Wabasaqalayo kudingeka ufunde Linux imiyalo ngawo kungenzeka ukuthola ulwazi mayelana namanye amaqembu. Noma Unix nakanjani wajabulela umyalo indoda. Ngu ukubhala umugqa wemiyalo, indoda, bese izithakazelo iqembu, ungathola esikrinini inthanethi usizo ikhasi. kumelwe cindezela «q» ukuphuma usizo. Okunye okufakiwe enye ifomethi usizo call - a ulwazi iqembu. Ngokungafani naye ukuthi okuqukethwe Amakhasi sidla esikrinini ngesimo izigaba ehlukile futhi izigatshana, ababiziweyo ISIZINDA kanye sub-yesifunda.

Ukuze umsebenzi elula futhi fast ohlelweni kubalulekile ukwazi Linux eziyisisekelo imiyalo ukuphatha amafayela. Ungabonisa uhlu nge ls izimfanelo ifayela futhi lwemibhalo. Ukusebenzisa lo myalo ngaphandle noma yimiphi imingcele, uzobona amafayela lwemibhalo eziqukethwe lwemibhalo yamanje. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ls okuzenzakalelayo efihla amafayela athile abamagama uqale nge ichashaza. cp ayale ukukopisha amafayela. Okokuqala udinga ukucacisa ifayela umthombo ke indlela lapho ufuna ukukopisha ke. Mv umyalo isetshenziselwa noma ukuqamba kabusha amafayela, noma kuzenze omunye lwemibhalo. Rm isetshenziswa ukususa ifayela, uma ukhiye ukusetshenziswa -R, ungakwazi recursively susa yonke lwemibhalo.

Kubalulekile ngokwanele Linux imiyalo ngokusebenzisana zemibhalo. Ukuze ushintshe lwemibhalo yamanje, kufanele usebenzise umyalo like cd. Uma udinga ukuthola lwemibhalo okwamanje umsebenzisi kufanele uthayiphe umyalo pwd, futhi indlela eliphelele isiqondisi sakho kuzovezwa. Linux imiyalo mkdir futhi rmdir ngokulandelana ukwengeza nokususa zemibhalo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umyalo rmdir Ungasusa kuphela lwemibhalo ayize, ngokuba futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe okuqukethwe yonke lwemibhalo kanye udinga ukusebenzisa rm umyalo.

Ngo-Linux, nawe nakanjani kudingeka ubuke izinhlobo ezahlukene amafayela: umbhalo, imibhalo, idatha kanambambili, nokuningi. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba sicabangele Linux imiyalo ukuze ubuke amafayela. Uhlelo elula kungenziwa ngokuthi ikati, ogama mission - ukukopisha amafayela kuya ukusakaza okukhiphayo. Uma inombolo ifayela, ithimba ziyohlanganyela kubo. Ukuze ikhasi ngokusebenzisa umbhalo ngokuvamile sebenzisa umyalo kancane. Umyalo umsila ubonisa zokugcina 10 imigqa wefayela. Ngokufana ikhanda nethimba lakhe, nge okuyinto kungenzeka ukufunda imigqa yokuqala 10 wefayela.

Ngo iqembu elihlukile Linux angawodwa imiyalo ngokudala nokuhlela amafayela. touch umyalo ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwakha ifayela elingenalutho. Lungisa amafayela umbhalo kulungile kakhulu ngosizo umhleli ukuthi kukhona inombolo enkulu. Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona nano, vi, vim, gedit, kate.

Kukhona futhi iyala ukuba usizo ukuze ufunde mayelana ifayela izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, umyalo WC isetshenziselwa ukubala inani amabhayithi ngemagama latimele kanye imigqa kuleli fayela. Ukuze uthole sediski kangakanani elalihlala amafayela namafolda, kufanele usebenzise umyalo du. Indima ebalulekile Linux amalungelo ukudlala. Kubo kunomyalo ushintsho chmod. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungelo elotshiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo izinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene abasebenzisi: umnikazi ifayela, iqembu, okubandakanya umnikazi, futhi bonke abanye abasebenzisi. I-agumenti umyalo ecacisa izimvume bangase alotshwe kwelinye nezakhiwo ezimbili: zezinombolo noma ezingokomfanekiso. Thola ifayela uzothola umyalo.

Ewusizo for Yizimfundamakhwela kukhona kokucindezelwa nokupakishwa ithimba. Ethandwa kakhulu iyona umyalo itiyela, oguqula eziningi amafayela archive ngaphandle kokucindezelwa. Okunjalo ingobo yomlando ngokuthi tarball. Ukudala ingobo yomlando onomfutho ukuze umyalo itiyela, kuzomele ungeze okhiye ambalwa.