Auriga - Umlaza e Nenkabazwe. Incazelo, inkanyezi bhá

Ebusika, kanye nezinkanyezi ezisendaweni ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni ngaphambili okuningi kuka ehlobo, ukuze bakwazi ukujabulela hhayi kuphela ama-astronomer kanye abathandi ukungcebeleka kamuva. Ukuhlola lokho kuyinto! Ngokubabazekayo Orion liphakame lalingabonakali emkhathizwe, ephelezelwa Gemini futhi Taurus, futhi eduze kwabo ikhanyisa Auriga - Constellation enomlando omude futhi inani elikhulu isithakazelo. Manje esikhungweni siyinake.

indawo

Auriga - Umlaza of egqamile futhi kakhulu ezibonakala ngeso nqunu. Ngesimo ke ufana pentagon okungajwayelekile. Umhlahlandlela engcono yokuthola lesi sibalo yasezulwini iyona Big Dipper. Kancane ngakwesokudla kungabonwa indawo sasivumela elikhanyayo. Lokhu-alpha-Auriga, Capella - inkanyezi, ungabona nemibandela hhayi evumayo kakhulu. Uthi omunye vertices we pentagon. Kancane ngakwesokudla (empumalanga) we Chapel kuyinto unxantathu omncane side ezakhiwe izinkanyiso ezintathu. Lezi izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni kanye ifomu-alpha-Auriga asterism "wezimvu nezimbuzi."

Zokubekisa ongakhonza nezinye izibalo yasezulwini. Auriga itholakala enyakatho Gemini nasempumalanga Perseus. Buka umlaza ezweni lethu unga cishe unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwakho konke emkhathizwe, akhuphukela December nango-January, kwathi ngo-June nango-July, kunalokho, Auriga ukubonwa embi ukukhanya nobusuku isikhundla esiphansi.

legend

Umlaza i-Auriga inkanyezi endulo, ososayensi elihlobene ne izinhlamvu eziningi. EMesophothamiya, lesi sibalo yasezulwini wabizwa ngokuthi "kwengobe sikamalusi" noma "scimitar". Nokho, akwaziwa, kungakhathaliseki sasihlanganisa Chapel. EBhabhiloni, cishe zonke izinkanyezi eliqhakazile Auriga futhi kwehlisa nomalusi igade izimbuzi noma imvu. Bedouins babebhekwa iqembu izilwane. Auriga bekukhona umhlambi imbuzi.

Ngo izazi zasendulo zezinkanyezi, lesi sibalo osezulwini ekuqaleni kubhekwe abayohlanganiswa ziklabe izimbuzi. Kamuva, ingxenye eyinhloko umlaza sasihlotshaniswa indoda ukushayela inqola. Ezinsukwini ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, ne-Auriga baxhumane izinhlamvu eziningana izinganekwane. Ngokuvamile kwaba Erichthonius ase-Athene, indodana ka Hephaestus iziqu Athens. Wabhekisa isixhazululo kokusungulwa enqoleni kanye namasondo amabili kanye namahhashi ezine (efana ncamashi). Njengoba umvuzo lokhu, kanye ezinikezele ekukhonzeni Athena Erichthonius lase Athens laligcwele izithixo yafakwa esibhakabhakeni by Zeus. Futhi kwakukhona umlaza Auriga.

imikhondo yesikhathi esidlule

Izinganekwane ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, futhi ngaphambi kwenkulumo yakhe zashiya izibazi isithombe yendabuko umlaza. On the amabalazwe isibhakabhaka ebusuku kungabonwa Aurigae e ngomfanekiso wabantu, esemgwaqweni ngemuva yembuzi, futhi isandla - izingane ezimbili. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngisho labelwe Umlaza ahlukene we Goat, okuyinto correlates nge Amalhteia wasenganekwaneni, babezincelisela uZeyusi. Capella zalo zazikunye, ε, ζ futhi η Aurigae. Lesi sakamuva ifomu unxantathu omncane kakhulu, okuyinto inkanyezi bhá kuya kwesokudla sibalo.

Amaphuzu kwezinhloso zenzuzo

Constellation enyakatho nenkabazwe esibhakabhakeni Auriga yakhiwa "amaphuzu" ngu-150. On insimu yalo eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Okokuqala, izinkanyezi: Capella (alpha), Menkalinan (beta), kanye Al ANZ Hedus (Epsilon futhi Zeta). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-esigaxeni kwamaplanethi IC 2149 kanye Umthala cluster esikhulu Macs 0717. Uma ubuka ngesibonakude noma isibonakude elincane endaweni kwesibhakabhaka elalihlala wenqola ungabona ehlakazekile amaqoqo ezinkanyezi -M36, i-M37 kanye M38. Basuke isuswe iplanethi yethu at ibanga ukukhanya-iminyaka eyinkulungwane 4-4.5.

Alfa umlaza

Uma okungenani kanye ukubona lesi sibalo wasezulwini, umbuzo okuyinto inkanyezi bhá e umlaza Auriga, ukuxazululwa uqobo. Capella kahle esihlukile kwezinye "amaphuzu" ngaphezu kwekhanda. Kuthathwa lesithupha bhá esibhakabhakeni futhi ibonakala ngokucacile ngisho nalapho hhayi izimo ezikahle kakhulu ukuyohlolwa.

Capella - Inkanyezi nobukhulu sobala 0.08. Yena ukususa engu-40 ukukhanya okuvela elangeni. Ukuze abe isibukeli eliwumhlaba kubukeka ophuzi, ngoba ngawo ukuthi ngokuvamile kudidaniswe Mars. Capella wuhlelo amabili namabhuzu izinkanyezi. Ecwebezelayo kuqala futhi iningi ihlanganisa efanayo emizimbeni isikhala. Bangabakhe inkanyezi ephuzi futhi idlule inkanyezi yethu izikhathi 10 ububanzi. Ibanga phakathi pair of izingxenye kuyinto ezimbili kwezintathu ubude ingxenye "Sun - Earth".

Ingxenye yesibili uhlelo yakhiwa dwarfs abomvu. Basuke isuswe pair of izinkanyezi eziphuzi kwi uXhumano Lweqoqo LokuneBluetooth. dwarfs Red mancane kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi ihlaba umkhosi isamba esincane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye yokukhanya.

beta Aurigae

Menkalinan - inkanyezi, bhá yesibili kule sibalo wasezulwini. Igama layo ngesi-Arabhu elisho "ihlombe elilodwa lowo ophethe izintambo." Beta Aurigae - the kathathu inkanyezi uhlelo. Ababili bathole ezinye zezici zalo basuke kucishe komunye nomunye. Inkanyezi ngayinye umbhangqwana, kukhanya izikhathi 48 ngaphezulu enamandla ukwedlula ilanga ngowomnikazi subgiants ekilasini. Ibanga emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka umbhangqwana mancane kakhulu - 0.08 kuphela AU, okulingana ingxenye yesihlanu yezwe ingxenye "Umhlaba - Sun". Kanti i-nuclei kokubili ngazimbili hydrogen ingxenye luvaliwe. Izinkanyezi kokudabula isigaba yokuziphendukela kwemvelo uma ubheka ubungako bawo nokukhanya uqale ukwandisa ngenxa izinqubo ezintsha okwenzeka emathunjini. A ibanga elincane phakathi izingxenye kuholela ukusonteka zabo ngaphansi kwethonya amabutho olwandle. Omunye umphumela Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo - inkathi ukwelashwa ukuvumelanisa nasemaceleni eksisi ujikeleza. Umphumela lubonakaliswa yokuthi izinkanyezi ezimbili njalo ebhekene nezinye ohlangothini ngalunye efanayo.

Uphiko wesithathu uhlelo - akude obomvu yemifino kusukela pair at ibanga 330 AU. Nge ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama akunakwenzeka ukuba bagcine Earth.

Epsilon

Auriga - Umlaza lwento okungenani eyodwa elibamba isipikili ukunakwa zezinkanyezi eziningi zanamuhla. It Epsilon iphethini yasezulwini kokuba Almaaz amagama bendabuko ( "imbuzi") futhi Al ANZ (ukubaluleka ngqo ayaziwa). Eclipsing inkanyezi kanambambili yabakhanga ochwepheshe abaningi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa imfihlakalo kwenye yezingxenye. elementi eliqhakazile Epsilon Aurigae uhlelo - supergiant ka Spectral uhlobo f0. engaba salo izikhathi 100-200 ngaphezulu welanga. inkanyezi bhá e "ngaphambi" ezinkanyezi zethu izikhathi eziyinkulungwane 40-60.

Uphiko yesibili Kusolwa ukuba Ihlobene le Spectral ekilasini B. izincwadi-ke ubizwa ngokuthi "ongabonakali". Njalo eminyakeni 27, ukuthi uyeba umbukiso ezinsukwini 630-740 (cishe 2 iminyaka) inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi engabonakali ngoba likhipha ukukhanya kancane kakhulu into enjalo, okungukuthi, kunzima ukufunda. Kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi ingxenye emnyama uhlelo kanambambili lizungezwe obukhulu uthuli disk, noma inkanyezi noma semitransparent ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. Ucwaningo lwamuva nje usebenzisa Spitzer luye lwabonisa ukuthi, cishe, isici ongaqondakali - inkanyezi ekilasini B. It lizungezwe disc enothuli, eyakhiwa izinhlayiya kahle esikhulu, kepha efaniswe usayizi ngohlalwane. Nokho, iphuzu kule ndaba ingakamiswa sizibekele yona, futhi uhlelo uyaqhubeka efundelwa.

Zeta

Enye kanambambili eclipsing kule sibalo wasezulwini - Zeta Aurigae. amagama zomlando izinkanyezi - futhi Hedus Sadatoni. Yena kukhanya izikhathi 1,700 okukhanya kakhulu kunelanga. Uhlelo siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala - i-giant orange ka Spectral uhlobo K4. Esesibili - inkanyezi emhlophe-oluhlaza isendaweni ukulandelana main futhi okuqondene ekilasini B5. 2,66 Unyaka ngamunye, "wanyamalala" I-dim ngaphezulu, kodwa okukhulu kunosayizi isakhi. Lokhu Eclipse ukunciphisa ukugqama isiyonke inkanyezi imayelana 15%.

Ibanga isilinganiso phakathi izingxenye uhlelo balinganiselwa ku 4.2 iyunithi yezinkanyezi. Bona uphendukisa omise side.

Auriga - iKhima, ezithakazelisayo ukuyohlolwa ngaphandle amadivaysi leze, futhi kokuhlolisisa ngosizo imishini yobuchwepheshe. izinto yakhe ongamtshela okuningi mnandi, futhi ngakho izazi zezinkanyezi emhlabeni wonke wathumela izibonakude zabo kubo.