Art. I-166 yeKhowudi yeNqubo yokuLawulwa kweziPhambeko kanye namazwana

Izivumelwano - lokhu kungenye yobufakazi obuvame kakhulu emacala obugebengu. Yindlela eyaziwa kakhulu yokulungisa inqubo yezenzo zokuphenya nemiphumela yazo. Kodwa-ke, njengobufakazi bangamkelwa kuphela uma behlangabezana nezimfuneko ezisungulwe ngumthetho, okucacisiwe, ikakhulukazi ku-Art. I-166 yeKhowudi yeNqubo Yezobugebengu. Ngezinguquko zakamuva kule nqubo yezobugebengu, okuqukethwe kwayo kanye namazwana angatholakala kulesi sihloko.

Ulwazi jikelele

Umthetho wesigungu sekhotho, kanye nesenzo sokuphenya, ubona isenzo esibhaliwe lapho umuntu ogunyaziwe (umphenyi, umphenyi, inkantolo), ngokuhambisana nenqubo esungulwe ngumthethosisekelo, urekhodi ulwazi ngezimo ezincike ebufakazweni obugebengu noma Inani layo. Njengobungqina, zingasetshenziswa kuphela uma izidingo zomthetho zigcinwa ngokuqinile, viz. 164-167 kanye no-259 weNqubo yeNqubo yeNecala.

Yiziphi izivumelwano ezingaba ubufakazi?

Ubufakazi obuzimele bungaba yizivumelwano zalezo zenzo zokuphenya njengezo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa okuphenywayo, ukusesha, ukuhlolwa; Ukuthunyelwa kweposi (iposi ne-telegraphic), ukuthunjwa, ukurekhoda nokulawula izingxoxo, ukuqinisekiswa endaweni yobufakazi, ukunikezelwa kokukhomba. Uhlu luphelele. Izivumelwano zezinye izenzo (ukuphenya) akuzona ubufakazi. Nakuba nabo kufanele bahambisane nobuciko. I-166 yeKhowudi yeNqubo Yezobugebengu. Isibonelo, izivumelwano zokuphikisana, ukuphenywa. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningana.

Isigaba sokuqala sezinhlelo (ukuhlolwa, ucwaningo, njll) kubonisa inqubo kanye nemiphumela yezifundo ngumshushisi, inhlangano yokuphenya noma inkantolo yezimo, izenzo, imvelo, ukuzama, ngamanye amazwi, isinyathelo esithile sokuhlola. Eqinisweni, ulwazi olubekwe ngumphathi ophethe icala, kanye nalabo ababambiqhaza kulolu cala, lulotshwe ezenzweni.

Izivumelwano zokuphikisana nokuphenywa, ngokuphambene nalokho, yizo izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokurekhoda ubufakazi bomuntu ocutshungulwayo futhi ngokuphathelene nalokhu kuqinisekiswa akuzona.

Ingxenye 1, ubuciko obu-2 166. Ikhodi Yezinqubo Zamacala Ezibugebengu ZaseRussia Federation: isikhathi kanye nendlela yokwakha uhlelo lweprotocol

Ukuhlanganiswa kwalolu hlobo lwenqubo yokulandelela kuyindlela yokugunyaza isenzo ngasinye sokuphenya. Yenziwe ngokuqondile kule nqubo noma ngemuva kokuphela kwayo. Le protocol ibhalwe ngenye yezindlela ezishiwo kwiNgxenye 2 ye-Art. I-166 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal, okungukuthi: ngesandla noma ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi uphenyo, izithombe, ukufushanisa, ukurekhoda komsindo nokurekhoda kwevidiyo, ukuqopha kungasetshenziswa. Kule ndaba, izithombe nezithombe ezithwebula izithombe, amarekhodi we-stenographic kanye nokubhala, izinto zokulalelwayo namavidiyo zigcinwa kanye necala lobugebengu.

Ngokusho Ingxenye 8 ye-Art. I-166 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal, imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwevidiyo, isithombe, ifilimu noma imishini yokulalelwayo kufanele ifakwe emthethweni, uma eqinisweni isetshenziswe ngesikhathi sesenzo sokuphenya. Ziwumfanekiso wokuqukethwe kwesenzo esibhaliwe nesigaba saso, ngakho-ke asinaso isimo sobufakazi obuzimele. Imidwebo, imidwebo, imidwebo, amarekhodi kanye namarekhodi okukhuluma angabuye afakwe kuloluhlelo.

Ingxenye 3 ye-Art. 166 CCP RF: Isingeniso

Ngokombhalo wendabuko, ingxenye engenayo ye-protocol kumele iqukathe idatha elandelayo:

• Idethi nendawo yokukhiqizwa kwayo, isikhathi (kumzuzu oseduzane) wokuqala nokuphela kwayo;
• Idatha yomuntu owakhipha umbiko (isibongo ngokuqala, isikhundla);
• Idatha yabo bonke labo ababambe iqhaza esenzweni sokuphenya (isibongo esinama-initials, futhi uma kunesidingo, enye idatha yomuntu siqu, kuhlanganise nekheli).

Amazwana kuNgxenye 3 ka-Art. 166 CCP

Ngokuhambisana namazwana odweba. I-166 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal, ekuqaleni kwe-block yokuqala ye-protocol kubalulekile ukukhombisa igama layo (ukuthunjwa, ukucinga, ukuhlola izindawo, njll). Igama lendawo lapho isenzo sokuphenya senziwa khona ngezansi. Idethi elandelwayo iboniswa ngenombolo yenkomfa, inyanga nonyaka. Isibonelo, ngoJulayi 11, 2017 Ukungena okufingqiwe akuvumelekile. Izidingo ezifanayo zihlobene nesikhathi sokusebenza. Kuboniswa ngemuva kosuku, kodwa ngaphambi kokwaziswa ngomuntu owasungula le protocol.

Ingxenye yesethulo kufanele ibuye ibonise izizathu zenqubo umuntu ogunyaziwe aqondiswa ngayo ekukhiqizeni isenzo esifanele (uphenyo), ngokubhekiselwe emibandela ethile ye-CCP.

Ingxenye 4, i-athikili 166 i-CCP: ingxenye echazayo noma echazayo yeprotocol

Kuhlelo olusha lobuciko. I-166 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal (efanele okwamanje) idinga ukuthi zonke izenzo eziqhubekayo zenqubo zihambisana nencazelo eningiliziwe kule protocol. Kudingeka zilungiswe ngomyalelo lapho ziqhutshwa khona ngempela. Ngokusobala, izimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwecala elithile lobugebengu enkantolo, futhi izitatimende zabantu abathintekayo kulolu cwaningo ziyabonakala.

Igama lezizinto ezitholakale kanye nemibhalo ene incazelo eningiliziwe yezici zabo, kanye nendawo yokuthola nokutholakala kwazo, zizokhonjiswa kule protocol. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusesha, ulwazi olumayelana nama-caches, okuqukethwe kwawo, ukulimala okubangelwa ngesikhathi uphenyo, kanye nemizamo yomuntu oseshayo ukuze abhubhise noma abafihle. Uma imibhalo nezinto okumele zithathwe zitholakale, kuyimpoqo ku-protocol ukukhombisa ukuthi zikhishwe ngokuzithandela noma ngokuphoqelekile.

Sebenzisa uma usebenza nge-hardware

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe (ikhompyutheni) kuvunyelwe ekulungiseleleni kweprotocol. NgokweNgxenye 5 yendaba ehlaziyekile, kumele ibhalwe ohlwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zesicelo sabo kanye ne-oda, izinto abazisebenzisayo, nemiphumela etholakalayo kubonisiwe. Le protocol kumele ifake ulwazi lokuthi abantu ababamba iqhaza ezenzweni zokuphenya babesazi ukuthi kusengaphambili ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe.

Ingxenye 6 ka-Art. 166 we-Code of Procedure Criminal: ukujwayela nge-protocol

Ingxenye yesithathu yesakhiwo seprotocol yabizwa ngokuthi "yokugcina". Uhlanganisa umsebenzi owenziwe. Kubonisa zonke izinto ezithathwe, ukuthi zipakishwe nokuthi kuphi isitoreji sabo sizokwenziwa. Izimpawu zabo bonke abahlanganyeli zenqubo zizohlinzekwa.

NgokweNgxenye 6 ye-Art. I-166 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal, i-protocol kufanele ihanjiswe ukuze ibuyekezwe kubo bonke abahlanganyele esenzweni sokuphenya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu ogunyaziwe kufanele achaze ukuthi banelungelo lokubeka imibono esenzweni (ukucacisa noma ukugcwalisa okuqukethwe kwayo) ukuba kufakwe kuwo. Wonke amazwana angeziwe kufanele aqinisekiswe nabasayina abahlanganyeli abanike wona.

Uma abahlanganyeli benqaba ukusayina le protocol

St. I-166, 167 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal ihlobene kakhulu. Amacala enqaba abahlanganyeli besenzo esithile sokuphenya (umsolwa, isisulu, umsolwa kanye nomunye umuntu) ngokusayina lo mkhuba ngokusebenzayo kwenzeka kaningi. Imithetho yokubhaliswa kwalesi sigaba ichazwe ku-Article 165 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal. Ngakho-ke, uma abantu abathintekayo benqaba ukusayina le protocol, umphenyi ungena ngemvume efanele futhi abonise ngesiginesha sakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, onecala, osolwa, omele nabanye abahlanganyeli banikezwa ithuba lokunikeza izincazelo mayelana nokwenqaba kwabo.

Uma kwenzeka labo bantu abakhulunywe ngenhla bengakwazi ukusayina le protocol ngenxa yokukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ngenxa yesimo sabo sempilo, bajwayele isenzo phambi kommeleli wezomthetho, ufakazi noma ummeli. Lezi zinsuku ziqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwedokhumenti, kanye nokungabonakali kokusayinela ngamasignesha siqu.

Ukusayina i-Protocol

Ingxenye yokugcina yesenzo kufanele iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza (izithombe, ukunganaki, amafoni, amacebo, ama-schemes, izimpendulo, ama-casts, njll.), Uma nje zenziwa ngokuqondile ngenkathi kwenziwa lo msebenzi wokuphenya. Ekuphetheni, ngokuvumelana nezidingo zesigaba 7 se-Article 166 se-Code of Procedure Criminal, le protocol isayinwe yibo bonke abahlanganyeli kanye nomphenyi. Kwezinye izimo, okushiwo emthethweni, bonke abantu abathintekayo ekuziphatheni kwesenzo sokuphenya bathola ikhophi yesenzo, njengoba inothi elifanayo lenziwe kumqulu wokuqala. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusesha, ukuthunjwa kwempahla, ukuthunjwa.

Ingxenye 9 ye-Art. 166 CCP: ukuphepha komuntu olimele

Ingxenye 9 ye-Art. I-166 ye-CCP RF ikuvumela ukuthi ungabonakali kumphenyi, uphenyo olwazini lweprotocol mayelana nokuthi ngubani ohlukunyeziwe, kanye nommeleli wakhe noma ufakazi. Lokhu kuvunyelwe uma kwenzeka ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwalabo bantu noma abantu abaseduze nezihlobo.

Umphenyi noma umphenyi, ngokuvuma kwabaphathi (inhloko yomzimba wezokuphenywa noma inhloko yomnyango wophenyo), uzokhipha isinqumo. Kulo, ubeka ngokuningiliziwe izizathu zesinqumo sokugcina imininingwane yemfihlo. Ukwengeza, i-pseudonym ikhonjisiwe, ngaphansi kwayo lapho isisulu noma umfakazi kuzovela kamuva emadokhumenti, kanye nesampula yesiginesha sabo, abazoyisebenzisa uma benza uhlelo lokuthatha isenzo esithathwe ngokuhlanganyela kwabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sinqumo sivaliwe emvilophini, esivaliwe futhi ifakwe ecaleni lobugebengu. Kumele igcinwe ezimweni ezivimbela ukuthi abanye abahlanganyeli kulesi sigaba bajwayelane nabo.

Uma icala lingahlupheki, lesi sinyathelo singenziwa ngesinqumo somphenyi noma umphenyi ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yesikhulu esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, lo dokhumenti unikezwa kumakhanda omzimba ophenya noma uphenyo.

Ingxenye yesishiyagalolunye yalesi sihloko esicatshangelwayo safaka isimiso esisha emthethweni wezinqubo zobugebengu ezifuywayo ezihlose ukuvikela ofakazi nezisulu. Kuhlangene kakhulu nokuhlangana kwalaba bantu ukunikeza ubufakazi enkantolo ezimweni ezingafaki ukuxhumana okubonwayo nabanye abahlanganyeli ekuqhutshweni (ngokuvumelana namazwana). Art. I-166 ye-Code of Procedure Criminal ngo-2016 yachitshiyelwa kule ngxenye. Ngaphambilini, umphenyi kuphela owayenegunya lokukhipha umyalelo. Izichibiyelo, ezaqala ukusebenza ngo-2016, zavumela lesi senzo ukuthi senziwe yizindikimba zokuphenywa.