Art. 48 we Code Civil. Umqondo engokomthetho. amazwana

Okwamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi ezehlukeneyo emikhakheni eyehlukene yomnotho. Izakhamizi ngokuhlanganyela noma ngamunye ibhizinisi evulekile ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi. Munye walemisebenti main kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano ukwenza inzuzo. Cabanga phambili umqondo kwenhlangano engokomthetho.

Code Civil

Ikhodi elikhona ikhanda 4. p. 1 tbsp. 48 we Code Civil uchaza incazelo jikelele "umuntu wezomthetho." Njengoba injena, inkampani, okuyinto has impahla ehlukile, unesibopho izibopho lalo. Inhlangano angathenga uphinde uthengise egameni yabo amalungelo nezibopho, ukuba enkantolo ummangalelwa futhi ummangali. Norma enikeziwe imfuneko, okuyinto kufanele kuhambisane nanoma iyiphi inhlangano engokomthetho. Art. 48 we Code Civil kudinga inhlangano kudlule ukubhaliswa isimo. ulwazi ibhizinisi kumele abe khona kuwo Enobunye. Ngo n. 2 tbsp. 48 we Code Civil sekuvela ukuthi le nkampani ebhaliswe efomini yenhlangano-zomthetho, ikhodi ethile.

amalungelo ngokucacile

Ngo n. 3 tbsp. 48 we Code Civil usungula umehluko phakathi nomasipala ebumbeneko amabhizinisi / izikhungo kanye nezinkampani yebhizinisi. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa inhlangano, maqondana nesakhiwo okuyinto kuncike zamalungelo obunikazi ka abasunguli yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo esigabeni sesibili yilezo zinkampani lapho abahlanganyeli ninezinto yezomthetho yenkampani. Central Bank of ngesimo esingokomthetho Kumiswa yomthethosisekelo kanye nemithetho "On the Central Bank".

Art. 48 we Code Civil nge imibono

Isahluko 4 soMthetho Ikhodi locale kusebenta kancane ngaphambili iningi Izinhlinzeko zeNgxenye. 1. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomthetho we RSFSR futhi eU.SSR Kubaluleka umqondo amalungelo ezakhamuzi of izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ayikashintshi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyacaca ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kanye namandla okubakhona inzuzo civil kukhona ngokuphelele ehlukile kulokho ngaphambili. Ngakho, izinguquko esidlulayo umphakathi nomthelela kwi ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene lwenhlangano zomthetho wamabhizinisi. Kugucuka esenzeka isimo, kwaholela ekubeni ashintshe umthetho civil. Ikakhulukazi, khulu enwetshiwe uhlu izigaba yenhlangano-zomthetho, izinguquko Kwenziwa imithetho ebuntwini zomthetho, izinhlobo zezinhlangano nokunye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi iziqondiso ngaphambili ngokuphathelene izinhlangano ezingokomthetho eziqukethwe yedolobha. Namuhla, amalungiselelo akhona bagxila kule amadokhumenti omthetho federal, futhi ukhiye wabo - Civil Code. Sikhishwe e Art. 48 we Civil Code definition isebenza kubo bonke izinhlangano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyizihlalo kwezohwebo noma cha.

ubufakazi

Kukhona olunye uhlelo eziyisisekelo agcwele inhlangano. Isigaba 48 se-Code Civil uzibiza bokuhlukanisa kulesi sigaba abadlali kwezomnotho. Zikhona izimpawu izinhlangano ngokomzimba futhi esemthethweni. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa:

1. I yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo ukuzimela ubunye.
2. impahla Hlukanisa.
3. ubunye omhlahlandlela.
4. Iphuzu jikelele izenzo tonkhe tincenye inkampani.

izici Legislative lenhlangano yilezi:

1. Semthethweni sendalo.
2. Ikhono ukwenza imisebenzi, ukuba kanye nokusebenzisa amalungelo.

inhlangano enobunye

Ngaphansi kwawo kumele aqondwe njengokufaka uhlelo kokusebenzisana ka wonke amayunithi ezakha isakhiwo ibhizinisi, nomunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo enhlanganweni kusungulwa kwakuwukuthi okucacile iyunithi ebusayo. ubuqotho Yangaphakathi kwesakhiwo ivumela inkampani ukwenza hhayi njengoba isethi eqondile (eziyinkimbinkimbi) izakhi, kanye eyodwa.

ukuzimela yangaphandle

Kuyinto inkululeko inhlangano ethile ukuxhumana yayo nezinye abahilelekile kule kwegazi civil. Kulokhu, ukuzimela zangaphandle kuzibonakalisa hhayi kuphela e elala bamasheya, kodwa futhi nabo bonke abanye abantu.

impahla ngabodwa

Lesi sibonakaliso isihloko okukhulunywa 48 the Civil Code ukhomba ngqo. Njengoba isilinganiso yenhlangano kwempahla ngabodwa impahla kwisichasiso umusa, ukuphathwa zokusebenza noma ukuphathwa kwezomnotho. Ngokuvamile, inkampani uba umnikazi kwezomthetho emthethweni impahla yakhe. Abanikazi ingcebo, isibonelo, izinhlangano yebhizinisi (ukubambisana, nokunye.), Amabhizinisi (umthengi kanye nohlobo zezimboni), ngezinhlangano zosizo, izinhlangano zezenkolo kanye nokunye.

kamasipala, izikhungo zikahulumeni ahulumende kanye amabhizinisi impahla udluliselwa ukuphathwa komsebenzi. izinhlangano zesigaba esihlangene afeze ukuphathwa kwezomnotho. Uma sicabanga udaba kwempahla, kufanele kuphawulwe ubunye kwezomnotho umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya iyiphi inhlangano engokomthetho. Ingqikithi Its ukuthi izimpahla eziphathekayo ephethwe yinkampani sisonke kunokuba amayunithi zayo ngazinye ibhizinisi. Ukunikelwa eziyinkimbinkimbi amagugu ezibonakalayo olotshwe khona nezilinganiso umphakathi noma ukuzilimaza ibhalansi.

ubunye umhlahlandlela

Lubonakaliswa khona aphakeme ebusayo. Ngamafuphi nje, inhlangano engokomthetho kwamandla ezimbili akukwazi. Njengomthetho, umsebenzi ibhizinisi ihlelwe isitho uhlelo oluthile. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, i-CEO, ibhodi yabaqondisi, umhlangano jikelele. isakhiwo ngasinye ezifana inebanga amandla. Ngokuvamile kuba ebanzi ngokwanele. Nokho, aphakeme ebusayo noma kunjalo kuyoba.

ubunye obusebenzayo

Lubonakaliswa yokuthi zonke elementi inkampani (a division) uyabona umsebenzi okhethekile. Izici Uhlu Lokuphakathi kukhonjelwe imfundo umsebenzi ibhizinisi. Uniform ukuma imisebenzi kuqinisekisa impumelelo yemigomo. AmaFanktjhini ne imigomo, kanye neminye imininingwane mayelana nebhizinisi ebekwe imibhalo wokusungula.

Ukuba semthethweni kohlelo ukudalwa

Okokuqala imisebenzi kanye nezinhloso ze-ibhizinisi akufanele kube ngokuphambene nomthetho osebenzayo. Esinye isimo ayinhloko ukuze semthethweni izenzo ukuhambisana ukuhleleka ukudala inhlangano. Art. 48 we Code Civil kudinga ukudlula ukubhaliswa isimo inqubo ibhizinisi. Imithetho nokuqaliswa kwalo alawulwa umthetho kahulumeni efanele. Lapho nokubhalisa ulwazi inhlangano engokomthetho kuyongenwa kwirejista. He is wonke izinhlangano avulekele kuleli zwe okufanayo. Uma isakhiwo inkampani sekube nezinguquko ezithile eziphawulekayo, lolu lwazi futhi afakwe Enobunye. Ngokwesibonelo, lo mthetho usebenza noma yiluphi uhlobo kabusha, ucabanga, kuvulwa ehhovisi omele noma igatsha.

ubuntu

Ngo Art. 48 we Code Civil, njengoba esinye isibonakaliso yezinhlangano ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi zilawule amalungelo ezakhamuzi eyisebenzisa. Ngo ukwakheka inkampani abe uhla ethile kwamalungelo. The main khulumela ithuba iqhaza igama abo ebuhlotsheni civil. Inhlangano angase abe nempahla yabo, ukulahla kubo, amadili eduze, nokunye. Kanye amalungelo inkampani futhi ezidinga yemfanelo ethile. Ngo Art. 48 we Code Civil uthi inhlangano ingase ibonakale enkantolo njengoba ummangalelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkampani yilona elizokhokha izibopho zayo. Abakweletisi ungahambisa izimangalo zabo kuyo kohlaka izivumelwano ezikhona kanye nezinkambiso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inkampani Ungamangalela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le nhlangano unelungelo ukwenza isikhalazo kunemifuziselo yako futhi zidinga ukuba ukugcwaliseka izibopho, kanye ukuliliswa.

ezicashile umthwalo

Abasunguli be-umuntu osemthethweni noma umnikazi impahla akuyona nesibopho izibopho, okuyinto wathatha phezu kwenhlangano. Ngakho, inkampani akusiyo akhokhe izikweletu wabahlanganyeli noma umnikazi ofanele impahla. Nokho, ukuze Kulo mBhalo, setha okuhlukile. Zingase ezinikezwe ngumthetho noma imibhalo abamelwe ngalutho iNkampani.

amalungelo ababambiqhaza

Legal amathuba abasunguli kungahluka ububanzi. Abahlanganyeli izinkampani kwezomnotho (ukubambisana nokunye.), Futhi amalungu umthengi ama cooperatives bavumele umthetho nezibopho maqondana impahla kulezi zinhlangano. Abasunguli we amabhizinisi kamasipala / kahulumeni ube maqondana amafa obuqand izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ilungelo impahla. Njengoba abahlanganyeli kule mcimbi kukhona eMnyango Wezokuvikela, izifunda wezwe WaseRussia. Ubunikazi komhiaba nayo okungewakho abasunguli izikhungo.

okuhlukile

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthetho umisa ibanga ngokwanele ebanzi izinhlangano, lapho abahlanganyeli abanalo ehluphayo noma e rem amalungelo. Izinhlangano zalolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi, kufanele kufake izinhlangano zezenkolo yomphakathi, kwezinyunyana nezinhlangano ibhizinisi, yesihle nezinye izimali. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana Art. 28, para. 2 zoMthetho Federal №95 "Ngo amaqembu ezombusazwe", njengoba abanikazi impahla kulezi zinhlangano, kuhlanganise amahhovisi ezifunda abo, ukhonza inhlangano iyonke. Amalungu ayo awunawo amalungelo ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali.

isiphetho

Umthetho ubeka bha amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo eziphathelene izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuze nemithetho ilungelo ubunikazi kanye umthwalo ubhale izinkinga ezihilelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza evamile lenhlangano kwemibandela ethile okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo. Ikakhulukazi, iphathelene nezinqubo ukusungulwa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, ukubhalisa owasungula imibhalo. Imininingwane Key ngenhlangano kuqukethwe sisekelo wayo. Lo mbhalo uchaza ezimali izinqubomgomo, izinjongo, imisebenzi yebhizinisi, imithwalo namalungelo abasunguli futhi yonke inkampani iyonke. Noma yiziphi izinguquko ezenziwe Charter kumele ubhaliswe. Ngokuhamba evamile yebhizinisi, inkampani ongenza kuphela labo imisebenzi ezihlakaniphile ezivumelana izinhloso kushiwo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ethile edinga ilayisensi. Inqubo yokuthola esunguliwe isenzo zokulawula ezifanele. Ekusebentiseni umsebenzi ilayisense ngaphandle kwemvume inkampani kungaba icala ngaphansi komthetho.