Zinhlobo zohulumeni kanye nokuxhumana yabo emphakathini

Ezweni ngalinye kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene amandla, okuyinto kungenziwa labizwa okusekelwe criteria ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sibeka izisetshenziswa phambili, kungenzeka ukwehlukanisa amandla kwezomnotho, ulwazi, ezenhlalo, ngokomoya ngisho sibhekwe, okuyinto uncika amandla. Ngokuvamile ubuswa asizakale kwezomnotho phezu kwezinye, njengoba zihilela ukwabiwa komnotho. On nenqubo kwezomnotho ezihambelana eduze nezenhlalo, ngoba labo labanelitsemba iziyisikhombisa kwezomnotho ukuphathwa umphakathi, ngokuvamile uqondise futhi wonke eyayidingida izinkinga zezenhlalakahle. Abezindaba ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi "amandla lesine", ngoba ngosizo siwuvumele usithonye, bangakwazi ukulawula ukwazi komphakathi. Izakhiwo abafuna ukusungula ukulawula umphakathi esebenzisa amandla ento edaliwe, ukusetshenziswa abantu esenzweni esithile.

Ukuhlaziya ukuxhumana phakathi kuncike futhi into ngamandla, singaqiniseka ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo kwamandla: i wobushiqela, lapho ukubusa isimo elite ungumnikazi ngokugcwele futhi ilawula zonke izici zokuphila, uwabheka njengoba ihogela ithonya; kobushiqela, enika abantu abathile, kodwa inkululeko ezilungisiwe ngokucacile e ukubaluleka encane elibusayo izindaba elite ezifana umndeni; nesandla esivulekile, okuyinto cishe akusho uzongenela ezindabeni zebhizinisi, futhi ekugcineni yeningi.

Uma sicabangela izinhlobo amandla ngokombono isizinda sabo senhlalo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa polyarchy (ukubusa abantu abaningi nezinhlangano); oligarchy (lapho bezimali yeNkampani kwesokudla kanye nezimboni); plutocracy (ukubusa ezejwayelekile top ocebile); ongokwasezulwini (abefundisi has phezu umphakathi akuyona nje zokuziphatha, kodwa futhi wokuziphilisa, nokulawula nezomthetho); partocracy (umthetho noma yiluphi uhlangothi), okuyinto, empeleni kancane ezahlukene kusukela ongokwasezulwini, ngaphandle ukuthi isethi ukunganaki of izimiso sokwakha "ikusasa eliqhakazile"; futhi mob umthetho (okungukuthi, amandla isixuku). I degree of nokwandiswa kwamandla kungenzeka ukwehlukanisa megauroven (international futhi izinhlangano ezilawulwa), isibonelo, i-European Union, NATO kanye UN; vumelekile ezingeni, okungukuthi, ukuba khona maphakathi zikahulumeni; Meso - Iziphathimandla zesifunda, okuyinto angaphansi emaphakathi, kodwa babe ukuzimela kabanzi izenzo (isibonelo, izihloko umfelandawonye eRussia, e-US uthi); micro-level (kwethonya amaqembu, nezinye izinhlangano kanye nezinhlangano).

Kodwa izinhlobo amandla kungenziwa labizwa ngendlela ehlukile, esekelwe ekuzimiseleni zezikhonzi zawo. Enjalo ingase ibe isimo, amaqembu, izinhlangano ezehlukene, ibutho, umkhaya, nokunye okunjalo. Adalberto isikhathi eside e isayensi linqoba umbono ukuthi isimo nenhlangano yezombusazwe - kuyinto imiqondo ezifanayo. Manje umbuzo ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zingxenye futhi eminye izimbangela ingxoxo okuningi kososayensi. Phela, isimo akuyona kuphela noma ngisho yenethiwekhi eyinhloko ukubusa zezombusazwe. Izifundo kunengcindezi yezombusazwe futhi kungenzeka amaqembu ezombusazwe, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, le oligarchy isinqumo, ukuzivocavoca kuqala ekuhlanganiseni, ubushiqela, abaholi abanamandla abaningana futhi ngisho isixuku (e nemibandela nezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe).

Amafomu kahle kwemandla embuso kungase kusekelwe isimiso mpo (isikhungo - izifunda - amadolobha kanye ezifundeni), futhi uma abantu abazibheka "njengezijabulisayo ovundlile", ke sinawo lo division tendzabuko zomthetho, mphathi zokwahlulela. Lo mkhuba yezombangazwe e ukubaluleka salo ngobubanzi okuningi umphakathi. Izazi eziningi esithambekele ukuwubona njengento tincenye letimbili: zezombangazwe nezenhlalo. It kuvela ukuthi uhulumeni ingenye yezingxenye zezombusazwe. Ngokuphathelene nethonya kwezenhlalo, walibumba is ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi amaqembu ezombusazwe, izinhlangano zomphakathi, ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, abezindaba abazimele, ngisho umphakathi obabheka ngayo.

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ukuphathwa iwukuhlale nokubumbana komphakathi ngokwakha phambili izinto okhambelana nobugugu isiko esinikeziwe, futhi ukunamathela kuzo; futhi, kusobala, ukugcwaliseka izithakazelo kanye nezidingo amaqembu ahlukahlukene omphakathi kanye kwezakhi. Ngakho, izinhlobo wezombangazwe - isimo kanye nomphakathi - abasebenza eduze ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza umtimba nomphakathi.