Injini V8: izici, izithombe, umdwebo, idivayisi ivolumu, isisindo. Izimoto nge V8 injini

Okwamanje kukhona ongakhetha eziningana powertrain kuncike ilungiselelo kanye nenani amasilinda. V8 injini libhekisela ezingeni eliphakeme izinjini for izimoto ezithwala, njengoba bebizwa eline ezemidlalo onobuhle okunethezeka. Ngakho-ke, awayona evame kakhulu, kodwa funa.

definition

V8 injini kuyinto iyunithi amandla nge ilungiselelo V emise amasilinda e ezimbili imigqa emine crankshaft ezivamile.

ISENDLALELO SOMTHETHO

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakungekho ukuxhumana phakathi injini umthamo kanye nenani amasilinda. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ezifana ukwanda ngejubane futhi umthamo, kanye isifiso ukunciphisa izindleko kwaholela ukwethulwa isilinganiso ivolumu uMbhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona into okuthiwa umthamo ilitha. Kanjeyana they zibambene amandla injini nenombolo amasilinda. Lokho isilinda ngamunye has a umthamo ezithile, futhi umthamo ukubaluleka ethize ukususa amandla athile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zici zithuthukuselwe, okungukuthi, ukuba eqele ngalé nabo ekukhiqizweni akuyona inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, onobuhle encane mass waqala ukuhlomisa imishini nomqulu omncane nge inombolo encane amasilinda, ukufeza amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kuyadingeka ukuze wakhe multi-cylinder namandla amayunithi ivolumu emikhulu.

indaba

Eyokuqala V8 injini waqala ukunyathelisa ngo-1904. Lwakhiwe eminyakeni emibili edlule Leonom Levasserom. Nokho, kwakungeke zisebenze izimoto bese usetha ezindizeni kanye izikebhe ezincane.

Okokuqala Automobile injini V8 3536 ^cm3 ivolumu ezikhishwe-Rolls-Royce inkampani. Nokho, kuye kwaba eyakhelwe 3 kuphela izimoto, ifakwe kubo.

Ngo-1910, 7773 ^cm3 V8 sihanjisiwe ngumkhiqizi De Dion-Bouton. Nakuba izimoto ifakwe kubo nayo eyakhululwa impela kancane, ngo-1912 lapho khona esakhishwa kuyi-New York, okubangela eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Ngemva kwalokho, ukudalwa motors enjalo lenza abakhiqizi American.

Eyokuqala kuqhathaniswa mass akhiqiza izimoto nge injini V8 kwaba nkampani Cadillac ngo-1914 kwaba nizhneklapannym injini nomthamo 5429 cm ^3. Kukholakala ukuthi umklamo walo kukhotshelwe kusukela oshiwo ngenhla French amandla iyunithi. Ngonyaka wokuqala thina ekhiqizwa emhlabeni 13 000 izimoto ifakwe kubo.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, ukulandisa kwakhe V8 4 ilitha owethulwa Oldsmobile.

Ngo-1917, Chevrolet nabo baqala ukukhiqizwa V8 4.7 litre, Nokho, ngonyaka ozayo, umenzi baba ingxenye GM sika, okuyizo amayunithi kanye amafemu amabili okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Nokho, Chevrolet, ngokungafani nazo, kuthambekele udaba izimoto onga, okuyinto okufanele ukusungula izinjini okulula, ngakho ukukhiqizwa V8 kumisiwe.

Zonke izinjini kuxoxwa ngenhla olufakiwe onobuhle ezibizayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá e-mass ingxenye adluliselwe Ford Inkampani e 1932 g Model 18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla iyunithi has a emisha eside lobuchwepheshe. Lase sikuhlomele nge cast iron isilinda block, nakuba phambi ukukhiqizwa kulezi zingxenye ezinye kubhekwe ngokomthetho engenakwenzeka, ngakho amasilinda nawo uhlukane crankcase, okuyinto nzima futhi kuyabiza umkhiqizo wabo. Ukwakha isiqephu esisodwa okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe ekubunjweni. Entsha amandla iyunithi ebizwa ngokuthi Flathead. Yathela kuze kufinyelele 1954

E-US ikakhulukazi okwandile V8 izinjini atholakala-yalolucwaningo 30. Zaba zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba zalamaqembu.I amandla ukuhlomisa wonke amakilasi izimoto, ngaphandle subcompact. Imoto nge injini V8 ekupheleni 1970 zaba 80% azo zonke ekhiqizwa e-United States. Ngakho-ke imigomo eminingi ezihlobene nala amandla amayunithi, odabuka American, futhi V8, abaningi namanje zihlele ukuzijabulisa okunempilo namanye izimoto American.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani lezi izinjini Angitholanga ithandwa kangaka. Ngakho, engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka elidlule ke kwaba ifakwe kuphela ucezu ezivezwa onobuhle elite. Kuphela '50s yaqala ukubonakala ukukhiqizwa lokuqala isilinda eziyisishiyagalombili izinjini noma izimoto nge injini V8. Futhi ezinye yokugcina kwaba ifakwe powertrains enziwe eMelika anobudlova.

ilungiselelo

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kuba esingavamile ngempela ngoba izinjini yesimanje izikimu, isibonelo, semitsilindrovye, ayisishiyagalombili-cylinder okusemgqeni futhi inkanyezi.

Nge kusakaza isakhiwo izinjini, ngokwethula izimiso oshiwo ngenhla, inani amasilinda sesihlanganisiwe kunqunywa for the izinjini ngokuvumelana umthamo wabo. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, kwaphakama umbuzo indawo yabo elilungile.

Okokuqala lalibukeka version olula kusakhiwo - okusemgqeni amasilinda. Lolu hlobo kudinga ukufakwa kwabo ilandelana elilodwa ngemuva nezinye. Nokho, leli lungiselelo esihambelana izinjini nenombolo kungekho amasilinda engaphezu kweyisithupha. Okuvame kakhulu four cylinder ezahlukeneyo. Ezimbili kanye ezintathu cylinder izinjini iyivelakancane nakuba yaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. Five-cylinder izinjini futhi hhayi evame kakhulu, ngaphandle, base ezakhiwa kuphela 70s yaphakathi. manje-Six-cylinder okusemgqeni izinjini iphelelwa ukuthandwa. uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi Isakhiwo cylinder ayisishiyagalombili izinjini saphela uzisebenzise-yalolucwaningo 30.

Ukusetshenziswa wesifunda V emise for izinjini ngenombolo enkulu amasilinda ngenxa ensimini isakhiwo mibandela. Uma usebenzisa okukumugqa isakhiwo multi-cylinder namandla amayunithi, zizothola isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi kukhona inkinga nge ukubekwa yabo ngaphansi hood. Okwamanje, ezivame kakhulu cross-layout nangemuva okusemgqeni eziyisithupha-cylinder ngisho ngakho kunzima kakhulu. Kulokhu, iningi kuphakama izinkinga phakathi kwethu ukubekwa gearbox. Yingakho izinjini ezifana wakhala V6 nokudlanga. Lesi sakamuva singabangela kubekwe kokubili longitudinally futhi singatsheki.

isicelo

Isikimu kubhekwe avame ukusetshenziswa ku imishini yenqwaba. Basuke ezibekwe ikakhulukazi kwezemidlalo premium onobuhle phakathi izimoto ezithwala futhi elisindayo SUV, amaloli, amabhasi, tractor.

izici

Ngu osnonovnym V8 imingcele zihlanganisa ivolumu umthamo, wokugoqa engela poise.

ivolumu

Lokhu ipharamitha ingenye ukhiye nganoma yisiphi yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Ekuqaleni komlando we yangaphakathi omlilo injini kwakungekho ukuhlobana umthamo motor kanye nenani amasilinda, kanye nenani isilinganiso lalilikhulu kakhulu kunalokho kunalokhu oyikho manje. Ngakho, eyaziwa olulodwa-cylinder 10 litre kanye no-23 ilitha eziyisithupha isilinda.

Nokho, kamuva owethulwa ivolumu isilinda okungu eshiwo ngenhla futhi ubuhlobo phakathi ivolumu namandla.

Njengoba kushiwo, ilungiselelo olucutshungulwayo isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko for mnogolitrovyh powertrains. Ngakho-ke, ivolumu V8 injini ngokuvamile hhayi ngaphansi kuka 4 amalitha. Inani esiphezulu kulolu uhlaka izinjini yesimanje ka izimoto ezithwala futhi SUV safinyelela 8.5 amalitha. On amaloli, ogandaganda, amabhasi kanye ukusungula volumetric amandla amayunithi (24 l).

amandla

Lokhu V8 injini isici linganquma esekelwe ethize litre umthamo. Ukuze likaphethiloli injini asemkhathini kuba 100 hp Ngakho, motor 4 L ine amandla isilinganiso 400 hp Ngenxa yalokho, embodiments we ivolumu emikhulu yamandla. Endabeni ezinye izinhlelo, ikakhulukazi lokuthuthukisa litre umthamo kakhulu anda.

camber

Lokhu ipharamitha lubalulekile kuphela izinjini isakhiwo V emise. Libhekisela igebe eliphakathi amabhange isilinda. Sekuyisikhathi eside iningi izinjini kuba-90 °. Ukwanda leli lungiselelo amasilinda ngenxa yokuthi ivumela sifinyelele ezingeni eliphansi vibration kanye ukuthungela elikhulu ingxube bese wakha injini ongaphakeme futhi ebanzi. Lesi sakamuva nomphumela omuhle controllability, njengoba iyunithi amandla kunciphisa maphakathi gravity.

Eziningana izinjini bungavami nge-engela 60º. izinjini Kuyaphawuleka ezincane ngisho engela ubuncane. Lokhu kunciphisa ububanzi injini Nokho, embodiments ezinjalo, vibration kunzima wokukucima.

Kukhona motors nge engela esinwebiwe we amasilinda (180º). Okungukuthi, amasilinda yabo ahlelwe indiza ovundlile, kanye pistons iphokophele nomunye. Nokho, izinjini enjalo ngokuthi V emise, futhi eziphikisayo kanye okhonjiswe incwadi B.Oni ukunikeza isikhungo eliphansi kakhulu amandla adonsela phansi, ukuze izinjini ezifana efakwe ngokuyinhloko ezemidlalo imodeli. Nokho, bayehluka e ububanzi esikhulu, ngakho injini boxer ezingajwayelekile ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukubekwa.

vibration

Lesi senzakalo kunoma isiphi isimo kuvela uma usebenzisa injini piston. Nokho, nabaqambi sizame ukunciphisa amathuba okwenza kubo, ngoba hhayi kuphela kuthinte induduzo, kodwa futhi nge amazinga ngokweqile kungaholela umonakalo nencithakalo yenjini.

Ngo kusebenta kwato, zizinto nxazonke kanye nezikhathi. Ukuze wehlise kunyakaza kunesidingo sokulinganisela phakathi kwabo. Omunye ikhambi lokhu ukuklama injini ukuze izikhathi namabutho izinkomba alinganayo futhi ehlukile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akudingeki kuphela ukuguqula crankshaft. Ngakho, ungakwazi ukushintsha indawo Ezincwadini zakhe futhi uyifake ilinganisa noma usebenzise esiphikisayo ibhalansi imiphini.

poise

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi phakathi injini ezivamile ukulinganisela izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela - ilandelana siphikiswa, cylinder eziyisithupha. Motors nezinye ukucupha zingafani inkomba.

Njengoba-V8, zingabantu kahle olinganiselayo, futhi ikakhulukazi yokwahluka nge engele kwesokudla amasilinda futhi wahlela izindiza perpendicular cranks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikezwe olubushelelezi nge ikhono ukunikeza alternation iyunifomu nokuqubuka. motors ezinjalo isikhashana ongenakulinganisela ezimbili kuphela esihlathini amasilinda yangaphandle okungase ngokugcwele inxephezelwa counterweights ezimbili phezu crankshaft.

izinzuzo

V-izinjini ezahlukene kusukela izinjini elungiselelweni irowu torque eliphezulu. Lokhu kunomthelela V8 motor wesifunda. Ngokungafani injini uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi, lapho isiqondiso amabutho perpendicular ngqo, kule injini, balandela kushaft nhlangothi zombili tangent. Lokhu kwakha inertia okukhulu, enikeza ukushesha ashukumisayo kushaft.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, crankshaft V8 has rigidity okusezingeni eliphezulu. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana isici namandla, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi-ke ngempumelelo uma besebenza ezindaweni izimo mkhawulo. Futhi usinika uhla lokusebenza amaza ka motor futhi ivumela ukuba athole umfutho ngokushesha.

Ekugcineni, V emise izinjini emfishane uma ziqhathaniswa uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi. Futhi akuzona kuphela emifushane, kodwa futhi leliphasi kunaleyo kubonakala isithombe se-V8 injini.

amaphutha

Izinjini olucutshungulwayo kuhluke isakhiwo isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuholela eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge obuphelele elincane futhi ukuphakama zingabantu ububanzi. Futhi injini V8 isisindo esikhulu (kg 150 200), okuyinto kubangela izinkinga ezihambisana nokusakaza isisindo. Ngakho-ke, kungukuthi ezibekwe izimoto ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinjini babe vibration eside futhi kunzima ukulinganisela phakathi. Ekugcineni, zingabantu ebizayo isebenze. Okokuqala, kungenxa yokuthi injini V8, idivayisi luyindida kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, it has a inombolo enkulu izingxenye. Ngakho-ke V8 injini ukulungisa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza. Okwesibili, izinjini ezifana zinezikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol.

ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje

Esikhathini nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke omlilo izinjini yangaphakathi bekulokhu ukuthambekela yamuva ukuze aphumelele, ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu ibangelwa ekunciphiseni kwenkululeko nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezehlukene ezifana ngqo fuel injection, turbocharging, variable valve isikhathi, njalo njalo. D. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi izinjini emikhulu, kuhlanganise V8, kancane kancane ukulahlekelwa udumo. Mnogolitrovye motors manje uzothathelwa indawo umhlaba izinjini turbocharged ivolumu ezincane. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi izinguqulo ethintekile V12 futhi V10, okuyinto indawo V8 supercharged, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - ku V6. Yileyo Inani elimaphakathi motors kuyehla, ngokwengxenye ngenxa nesanda kahle, okuyinto uyikhono inkomba ilitha.
Nokho, ezemidlalo kanye izimoto okunethezeka namanje ukusebenzisa enamandla mnogolitrovye powertrains. Futhi ukusebenza kwabo khudlwana ngokuziqhathanisa esidlule ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje.

amathemba

Naphezu amathemba esikhundleni yangaphakathi omlilo injini nge kagesi nakwezinye izinjini imvelo Basaba awalulahlanga ukuqondana abo. I ikakhulukazi embodiments V emise abhekwa ethembisa kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, abaklami baye basungula izindlela ekhuluma ukushiyeka kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wayo, bezikhali amandla amayunithi kungukuthi kudalulwe ngokuphelele, ngakho bavele nje uthuthukise.