"Gardasil" (yokugoma) izimpendulo. Kuyini ukuze zigonywe, "Gardasil" noma "Cervarix"?

Cishe u-80% labantu emhlabeni usindwa womuntu papilloma virus. Manje sibizwa zamagciwane ezahlukene zesifo ezingaphezu kuka-100. Ngenhlanhla, iningi labo akunangozi. Bahola kuphela ukubukeka warts, kodwa azinamphumela empilweni wonke umzimba. Kodwa kukhona okusezingeni eliphezulu ingozi HPV izinhlobo ezitholakala zonke iziguli abaye unomdlavuza wesibeletho, ingquza, zangasese zangaphandle, noma igilo.

Ukugonywa ngokumelene womuntu papilloma virus

Abacwaningi banamuhla baye bame kwelokuthi khona-HPV emzimbeni akusho ukuthi umuntu kuvela isifo somdlavuza. Kodwa iziguli enjalo basengozini. Phela, igciwane lishintsha amaseli futhi yenze ukuthuthukiswa izimila.

izinkampani ezithaka imithi ziye zenza imigomo ekhethekile ukufukula amaseli kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Futhi akuvumeli igciwane ukungena emzimbeni futhi sithole isizinda kuwo. Okwamanje, iziguli Ungakhetha onjani yokugoma - "Gardasil" noma "Cervarix" ukwenza. Bobabili yokugoma ukuvikela ezimbili ze-HPV, okuyizinto kokumethemba eyinhloko umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye ingquza.

Izici lokugoma "Gardasil"

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi yimiphi imithi yokugoma wathi akakwazi ukwelapha HPV womuntu. Kodwa "Gardasil" (lokugoma) iyasebenza ngokumelene 4 ze-HPV. Kulaba, 16 no-18 nesigqi kukhona ingozi High, futhi 6 futhi 11 imbangela warts zangasese - okubizwa ngokuthi warts zangasese.

Zigonywe engcono zisencane lapho umuntu kwadingeka isikhathi batheleleke nge wathi igciwane. abakhiqizi Vaccine ukuncoma ukugoma izingane nentsha phambi aseqala ukuya ocansini.

Ububanzi bokusebenzisa

Uma ufuna zigonywe, "Gardasil", ngalesosikhathi you azi ukuthi zivikela yizifo ngokucindezela 4 izinhlobo Papillomavirus womuntu, okungukuthi 6, 11, 16 no-18 Zonke ezinye subtypes ka-HPV nesineke angaba ukuphila. Kodwa akuzona njengoba eyingozi. Ibe ngesikhathi umgomo kungavimbela ukuthuthukiswa dysplasia, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nomdlavuza sangasese, wesibeletho, ingquza nangaphandle Izitho zangasese, okubangwa 16-m 18-m-HPV izinhlobo kwabesifazane nabesilisa.

Uma sikhuluma lokugoma, "Cervarix", ke zivikela sifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuba asebenzayo nababili ze-HPV - 16 no-18.

izingozi ezingase zibe khona

Bayanda manje ungathola ulwazi "Gardasil" - lokugoma ekukhulelweni. Ngokusho abanye abantu, mass yokugoma kwezingane entsheni - uhlelo ngobuqili kukho ukubhubha labantu yokuqothulwa yayo. Abaningi inkulumo mayelana ukufana kwamazwi iphethini ukusetshenziswa wathi izidakamizwa kanye imigomo, okuyinto akhiwa le Rockefeller Foundation kanye okuhloswe ukuba kumkhathaze izisu.

Futhi, lokugoma abaphikisi bathi lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi isiguli ngeke. Kodwa abakhiqizi wokugoma kuphela ukuqinisekisa yokuthi umkhiqizo wabo kuhloswe ngako ukunqanda sokuhlanganiswa womuntu papilloma virus emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi imbangela izisu kanye nezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi phakathi abaningi baba amagama wokugoma "Gardasil". Imijovo yokugoma Kunconywa ngumkhiqizi, kufanele kwenziwe kuhle ngaphambi ukuqala umsebenzi wocansi noma ukuvimbela nezinkinga ezingase kungabangela HPV. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma mayelana yezinkinga noma ukwehluleka lokugoma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa akwenzi mqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manual liqukethe ulwazi ukuthi kuyinto efiselekayo ukuze bazivikele kungenzeka ukuba akhulelwe phakathi yokugoma hhayi ukuchitha uma yokuthi yokukhulelwa siqinisekisiwe.

Izindlela Yokusebenzisa

Kukhona izikimu ezimbili umgomo "Gardasil". Ukugonywa kwenziwa kathathu. Uma sinamathela iphethini evamile, umjovo yesibili eyenziwa izinyanga ezimbili emva kuqala. Neyesithathu - ngisho 4 izinyanga emva lesibili. Okungukuthi lokugoma Yiqiniso ubabonisa phezu izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Kodwa kukhona ukulandisa esasizosheshisa. Ngakho kungenzeka ukwethula umthamo yesibili inyanga eyodwa ngemuva owokuqala, kanti eyesithathu - ezintathu emva lesibili. Lokho uze uwaqede izothatha izinyanga 4. Kodwa ngisho noma kwakungekho ukuhlukumeza yobubanzi obucacisiwe, ungakhathazeki. Inkambo kuzokuphela kwenzeka ukuthi unyaka owodwa ukuze kwenziwe imijovo emithathu.

Ukuze bobudala isetshenziswa esilinganayo izidakamizwa - 0.5 ml. Iqondiswa intramuscularly ku imisipha deltoid. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba bafake ku ebusweni engenhla elingaphandle ingxenye phakathi kwethanga.

Nurse kwenza lezi imijovo kumele wazi yonke imithetho ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isipetu alahlwayo (isitsha) ugome kufanele ayonyakaziswa kahle ukuthola slurry homogeneous turbid. Umthamo iqondiswa kwelinye ingxenye, futhi nesayithi libe umjovo iphathwa 70% utshwala.

Uma isitsha noma isipetu ebonakalayo ndaba angaphandle, izinhlayiya, umbala waso washintsha noma akusiyo iyunifomu, kuba ibufakazi unsuitability yayo.

imininingwane edingekayo

Ukufunda lokugoma "Gardasil" ukubuyekezwa, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola umbono ukuthi kungasizi ukubabulala umdlavuza. It ngempela. Kuhloswe kuphela zokuvimbela ngokumelene eziningi izifo, phakathi okuyizinto umdlavuza. Futhi, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukuqeda zonke ze-HPV. Okwakushiwo yethula kuphela ezimweni lapho isiguli engakaze abangenwe nesigqi ngokumelene okuyinto umgomo ngempumelelo. It akunamthelela ngegciwane isivele iyasebenza emzimbeni, okuyinto zazibangelwa HPV. Futhi Yiqiniso sidle ayikwazi ukukuvikela kungenzeka igciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa izindlela isithiyo inzalo ngesikhathi lokugoma Kuphoqelekile. Futhi, musa ukufunda mayelana ukuxhumelela "Gardasil" Izibuyekezo echaza ukutheleleka kwanoma iyiphi izifo ezithathelwana ngobulili. Akukhona indlela isivikelo nezinye izifo.

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuthi wokugoma, akuzona zonke iziguli elindelwe amasosha omzimba. Walibonisa umphumela 99% abantu uphenyo. Ngezinye yethula abakwazi ukukhipha isimo ukushaqeka anaphylactic. Ngakho-ke, uma "Gardasil" (lokugoma) esikoleni kwenziwa ke ngakwesokunene abahlengikazi kufanele njalo kube indlela ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. imizuzu engaphezu kuka-30 isiguli kufanele ziqashwe. Ngokuvamile, ukusabela ngendlela nakwisyncope kwenzeka abesifazane abasebasha kanye intsha.

yezinkinga

Ngaphezu kwezimo ezimbalwa lapho kukhona ukusabela anaphylactic, zingase zibe khona ezinye side effects emva yokugoma "Gardasil" liye kwethulwa. Izibuyekezo nolwazi kamakhi ibonisa ukuthi iziguli kaningi esekhala ukulunywa nobuhlungu endaweni umjovo kanye ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, e ekwakhekeni hematoma noma imfiva. Cishe oyedwa kuphela kwabayishumi waphawula zokuzikhukhumeza, ububomvu isayithi umjovo.

Futhi, iziguli eziningi ngemva kokuba ziye inoculated "Gardasil" amazwana kwesokunxele mayelana nokubonakala ukukhathala, Ukugodola, ukungakhululeki jikelele, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, bronchospasm, urticaria. Kodwa ukuhlola ukunemba lolu lwazi futhi ukuxhumana yezinkinga echazwe ukwethulwa izidakamizwa akunakwenzeka.

ngokuhlanganisa izidakamizwa

Uma uke waqala umgomo ejenti "Gardasil" ukuthi imijovo okwalandela kumele kwenziwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa umjovo. Ingasatshenziswa kanyekanye nezinye izidakamizwa. kokuphazamiseka lesikhashana liyadingeka, uma kudingeka ukuba isiguli sibe lokwenza umuthi wokugoma isakhi sokuzakhela asebenzayo ngokumelene hepatitis B, meningococcal, idiphtheria, pertussis (usebenzisa ingxenye acellular), ngqi, uvendle. Into esemqoka - ukwethula ukuba ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Futhi ngenxa izifundo, kwatholakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa of izinto zokuvimbela inzalo hormone, imithi eqeda ukuvuvukala, analgesics, imithi elwa namagciwane, Vitamin izakhiwo, ama-ejenti steroid akuphazamisi nephephe komjovo "Gardasil". Ukugonywa engakaze ihlolwe ku yalezo ziguli esetshenziswa immunosuppressants.

izakhiwo immunobiological

Ukukhuluma izinto ezinhle nezimbi kungenzeka nezingozi zomuthi, abaningi abazi kahle hle ukuthi umgomo usebenza. It is namaprotheni nahlanza kakhulu kwabantu papilloma virus 6, 11, 16 no-18 amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo luyinto adjuvant, L-histidine, imvubelo amaprotheni, polysorbate 80, i-sodium borate. Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, umgomo ayiqukethe amagciwane (efile noma ephila), kumane izinhlayiya igciwane-like, okuyinto abakwazi nokuzala. Kodwa ukuvumela ukuthola oyifunayo amasosha omzimba.

Afakwe amaprotheni wokugoma akhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa ehlukile. Uhlobo ngalunye igciwane sebehlanjululwe it is adsorbed ku adjuvant ekhethekile equkethe aluminium. Noma ubani owazi isimiso wokugoma, baqonde ukuthi elithi "Gardasil" - lokugoma ngokumelene womuntu papilloma virus. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalo ukhiqiza amasotsha omzimba, okuyinto zigcinwa izinyanga 36 (ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, zingabantu asebenzayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8). Kodwa ngokuhamba isifundo kodwa alutholakalanga ezidingekayo ukuqhuba kabusha ngokugoma.

isicelo

Sebenzisa "Gardasil" (lokugoma) eRussia kabanzi. izinhlelo zenziwa ezingeni lahulumende, owawuthi amantombazane zigonyelwa ku Russian Federation mahhala. Imijovo yokugoma izikole, izikhungo zezempilo kanye nemitholampilo. Ngalesi isinyathelo uhulumeni usephendukele ngoba izibalo esidumazayo zalotshwa kowezi-2000. ERussia, umdlavuza wesibeletho nsuku abesifazane 18 bafa. Futhi emhlabeni wathi uphethwe efakwe njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-2.

Ngokuphelele ukubabulala umdlavuza, yebo, ngeke zisebenze, kodwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba izimila can. Phela, ne yokugoma esijwayelekile kungenza ukuvimbela emdlavuzeni wesibeletho, okuyinto eba ngenxa izinguquko kumaseli yi Papillomavirus womuntu.

izindlela ehlukile

Thola nezinye izidakamizwa ezingase ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa umdlavuza kungenzeka kuphela uma uma siqonda lokho okudingekayo "Gardasil" (inoculation). kulokho kusiza wokugoma, bangachazela zonke wezifo zabesifazane kanye immunologist. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ayikwazi ukwelapha i-HPV, futhi ikakhulukazi umdlavuza, kodwa kungakusiza ukuqeda kungenzeka Human Papillomavirus ukutheleleka emdlavuzeni kubangelwa kubo.

Ukungabi khona kwegunya wokugoma "Cervarix". Ngokwesibonelo, "Gardasil" (ukuxhumelela) kuphela ngo-2014 yabonakala e-Ukraine. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi wokugoma kwenziwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa "Cervarix" umuthi uyasebenza nababili izinhlobo igciwane - ingozi High kulimaza 16 futhi 18. Nokho, lokugoma jikelele and eziphoqelelwe wayengekho e-Ukraine.

Khetha phakathi kwalezi yokugoma kungcono kanye nodokotela wakho. Akufanele sibakhohlwe ukuthi zingabantu kuphumelele ngokufanayo ngokumelene HPV 16 no-18 izinhlobo ngesikhathi lapho umzimba akakabi izifo esithile. Kodwa "Gardasil" esakwazi ukuvikela 6, 11 nesigqi ezibangela warts zangasese. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli ngisho nangemva izifundo ezigcwele yokugoma kusho "Cervarix" warts zingabonakala wesibeletho kanye ngemomozi yakho. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa "Gardasil" akufaki ukuthuthukiswa Esimeni esinjalo. Kodwa zombili lezi yokugoma kwahluleka ukuvikela ngokumelene nezinye amagciwane nenqwaba igciwane wathi.

ukusetshenziswa Izici

Ngaphambi kuzojovwa umgomo, kubalulekile ukuba ucacise izimo isitoreji yayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile (kusuka +2 kuya +8 ⁰ C), lapho kungekho Bufinyelela ukukhanya. Kodwa okokuqandisa engamukeleki yayo. Dlula umuthi iminyaka engu-3, emva kokuphela naleso sikhathi, kumele ilahlwe.

Futhi, kukhona eziningi nezinkinga ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa "Gardasil" imigomo lapho usukhulile. Ngokwesibonelo, umakhi uthi uhlelo lokugoma ungathola zonke intsha, kungakhathaliseki ubulili nabesifazane ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-45. Nakuba ucwaningo eziningi zisikisela ukuthi ukugoma emva kweminyaka 26 ayizange ukunikeza umphumela kulindeleke. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi owesifazane kulonyaka kakade uyena obapha womuntu papilloma virus. Ngakho-ke, umgomo ayiwavikeli ezifweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele emdlavuzeni.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi kuphumelela kangcono uzobe njalo waqashwa udokotela wezifo zabesifazane kanye emkhosini waminyaka yonke wokugubha Cytology. Akusizi ukuvimbela lesi sifo kodwa bazokwazi ukuhlonza yiziphi izinguquko kusaqalwa.

Yiqiniso, ungathola ulwazi nokuthi ayikwazanga bavikelekile "Gardasil" umdlavuza. Izibuyekezo basikisela ukuthi ngisho zigonywe angagcina wesibeletho isifo somdlavuza, ingquza, zangasese emomozini noma zangaphandle. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi umgomo zivikela izinhlobo ezimbili engozini High igciwane - 16, 18. Kodwa-30% amacala ukuthola umdlavuza amanye amagciwane HPV igciwane ezingase ibuye inikeze umfutho emdlavuzeni. Ngakho-ke, akunakusetshenziswa ayikwazi kubhekwe panacea for yokugoma izifo oncological. Kuphela ukuyohlolwa njalo ngesikhathi udokotela wezifo zabesifazane kanye siqhuba Cytology smear kuzosiza ukuqapha isimo sempilo.