Art. 37 Ikhodi-Criminal Procedure: umshushisi

Art. CCP 37 kubaluleke eside. Linikeza isiqondiso kanye nohlaka umshushisi - izibalo ohambisana icala lobugebengu yonke inkathi uphenyo nangokucabangela. yemfanelo yakhe ihlanganisa imigomo emibili eyinhloko: ukuqinisekisa umthetho kanye nokwethulwa kushushiswa ohlolweni. Sikhuluma ngezansi.

Isigaba ohlelweni lobugebengu, iqhaza kumshushisi womphakathi

Izinqubo ezibhekene nokujeziswa kwezephulamthetho ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana:

• uphenyo;
• isinyathelo sokwahlulela (unezigaba eziningi);
• ukukhishwa lomusho.

Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ezigabeni uphenyo nokuqulwa kwecala.

sibalo ngasinye ithwala imisebenzi yayo alandisa imisebenzi. Iyathinteka futhi kumshushisi womphakathi.

Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure ubala amandla umshushisi, yena wenza kuyo yonke inqubo yonke izigaba ezintathu. Imisebenzi umshushisi kuleli cala babe abasebenzi ezahlukene. Ziqeqeshe umbono uchwepheshe ibonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu. umthwalo efiphaziwe siqu ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi esemthethweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba icala lalihilela ezingaphezu kweyodwa umsebenzi, isitatimende we amasamanisi - nejoka Ummeli wesifunda, futhi enjalo yikho konke ibhizinisi. Mshini eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukulawula zonke izindaba, sekuyibhizinisi Okusemthethweni. Futhi kukhona kwencika ngqo ku umbono yenduna.

Ingxenye 2 of Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure icacisa ukuthi izenzo ezithile umshushisi unelungelo ukwenza kuzo zonke izigaba uphenyo nokuqulwa kwecala.

isilawuli zokulawula

Lesi sihloko akuwona kuphela Regulator of kumshushisi womphakathi. Naphezu nobukhulu bayo, ke akuvezi ngokugcwele amandla ayo.

Babuye kulawulwa umthetho "Ngo owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala avelelwe" oda kanye nemiyalelo ye-Office le Lomshushisi mayelana nodaba oluthile. PEC imithetho isicelo (ulawula zokubekwa imisho).

Kukhona umbono lolungakahleleki ukuthi amalungu afanayo iziqondiso GP kuphela kuphazamise futhi ongaqhubeki amagugu, isb. A. Ngokuphambene imithetho, zona zithathwa.

Ubani umthetho eliyibiza ngalo le abashushisi

Ngokusho h. 1 tbsp. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure, umshushisi - kuba inceku yomphakathi, ukwenza imisebenzi yayo. Abashushisi ngokuthi:

• Attorney General namaPhini akhe.
• Abashushisi amazinga esifundeni nakuzwelonke (lawa akhiwa abashushisi imizi ukubaluleka kahulumeni).
• Abashushisi ezingeni lesifunda.

Isikhundla basibekele ubuso, inhloko yesikhungo, bonke abanye abasebenzi babe isimo abasizi. Ngokusho Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure, zozela zonke, enze imisebenzi lokugada kanye nokunikeza amacala.

Ummeli - sibalo okhonzile. I aphakeme igunya umsebenzi uyoba negunya ukukhansela isinqumo sayo esikhalazweni yomuntu othintekayo noma isinyathelo yayo siqu.

Zonke izenzo zakhe icala lobugebengu zenziwa izethulo noma iziqondiso.

Isihloko kokuqondisa

Ububanzi umshushisi kuhlanganisa kokuhlola zonke izenzo abaphenyi kanye abaphenyi kokubili ngaphambi kokuqala kwecala, kanye ngemuva. Yiziphi amakhono ayo ukuze lelisu kwegunya layo?

• Eyamukelwa noma ogunyaza lokho izenzo ebalulwe emthethweni.
• Ophenyisisa izikhalazo futhi enze okudingekayo kubo (noma singase singavumelani nabo ngokuphelele noma ingxenye).
• Imisiwe izinqumo engekho emthethweni noma umphenyi, noma (futhi) ingathatha izinyathelo ngoba ukumisa yabo.

Ummeli ubophekile, ngokuvumelana isimangalo. 3 h. 2 tbsp. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure, efuna ukuba kubulawe bonke ukuphulwa. Ngakho, kwakusho neqhaza, isb. E. It kudingekile ukulinda isikhalazo noma izinkomba inkantolo ukwenza.

Kokuqondisa kuhlanganisa into futhi Ukugada nokusebenza-Umsebenzi wosesho (wahlanganyela Amahhovisi lokhu umshushisi ezikhethekile sika), kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi Osa asisebenzi zobulelesi, nakuba buhlobene eduze nalo.

izenzo lomshushisi njengoba izikhulu kudingeka ube nomdlandla isinqumo kumele kumakwe imbangela isinqumo esithile. Ngokuphathelene le nokuthatha isinyathelo umshushisi baphakame isithakazelo endabeni ethile.

A ukubhekisela umthetho akwanele, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka njalo futhi kwenza kube nzima abasebenzi yophenyo.

Ngokwesibonelo, imfuneko ukusishintsha icala kufanele kube inkomba yokuphula ekulungiseleleni idokhumenti.

Ngqo elengamele umshushisi akuyona linegunya. Umphenyi noma umphenyi kufanele banelungelo inselelo isinqumo sakhe umshushisi ephakeme ngemvumo lwekhanda uphenyo umnyango noma nophenyo.

It bavunyelwe nokuncenga izenzo noma izinqumo zanoma isikhulu nophenyo noma umphenyi kuleli cala. Art. 37 Ikhodi-Criminal Procedure uthi izingxabano umshushisi ephakeme, kodwa akukho mthetho ku ukuhanjiswa ingxabano enkantolo. Ngo umkhuba zokwahlulela, eziningi izinkinga eziphathelene nokuncenga umtjhutjhisi namkha umphenyi.

Hlola izitatimende mayelana nobugebengu

Ingxenye 1 of Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure kuhlanganisa izinhloso lokulawula lomshushisi phezu izenzo abaphenyi kanye abaphenyi. Ikakhulukazi, it is bahlolwe njalo ukungenisa izikhalazo amaphoyisa nezicelo zabahlali.

Eceleni ihlolwe uvala uhlelo kanye akhawunti izitatimende zobugebengu. Ngakho, ihhovisi lomshushisi ovame ukuvakashela subordinated ATS kuye. Nokho, izakhamuzi akusho ukuthi ulinde ukuhlolwa isimiso, bona bayoba nelungelo ngokushesha ukubhala isikhalo kumshushisi.

Akanalo ilungelo ukuqalisa zobulelesi, kodwa umuntu unelungelo lokubamba udaba abantu unelungelo lokwenza isinqumo esinjalo.

Lezi amandla awashintsheki e-Sec. 2 amahora. 2 tbsp. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Niyayibona injani emsebenzini? UMphathi Uphenyo noma imibuzo wathola isimemezelo ngemvume ngumshushisi nezinto elikulesi sihloko.

Wayengeke uvumelana isinqumo bese uyikhansele. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunenkinga eziphindaphindiwe icala lobugebengu kanye ukwesulwa isinqumo.

Ukugada esiteji excitation icala lobugebengu

Umshushisi ihlola yiqiniso kwalesi sinqumo kuvulwa icala lobugebengu noma ukwenqaba lesi. Umphenyi noma umphenyi uthumela ikhophi isinqumo nge izinto elihambisana nalesi sihloko.

I-CPC okuye kwabhalwa mayelana ilethwe ngokushesha, kodwa inikezwe, kuncike kuphungula umthwalo umsizi womphenyi, owenza imisebenzi kuhlanganise courier phakathi Amahhovisi.

Njengoba ojwayelekile, uma kungekho amaphutha asobala, umshushisi uyavuma ngokuvula icala futhi uvumele ke, ngokubeka nesignesha kasomabhizinisi. Amathuba okuphathwa yiyo ukuqedwa ukwanda, uma ngokushesha ubhale isikhalazo esiphikisa isinqumo. Art. 37 Ikhodi, ihora. 2 k. 6 usebenza, ngokuvamile phambi izikhalazo. Kuyefana nasendleleni ukwesula yokwenqaba emthethweni lokusungula zobulelesi.

Ukulawula ukuziphatha uphenyo

Ummangalelwa zingase zithi ukukhiqizwa uphambene. Indlela kulingane inselele, umshushisi enquma. Lo magazini e enekhono.

Umshushisi wabuye unelungelo lokunquma ukudluliselwa kunjalo kusukela umphenyi kumseshi.

asimeme igunya umsebenzi ngenkathi hhayi phambili kokuthethwa kwecala, kodwa lokunikela iziyalezo eziphathelene ukuziphatha yezenzo okuphenya futhi izinkomba yophenyo iyonke.

Ngokwesibonelo, unikezwe umyalelo Yokuqashwa luhlolo, ingxoxo ofakazi, ukutholakala kwemibhalo.

I isiqondiso uphenyo kusho ngokukhetha nguqulo ubugebengu.

Phakathi amandla ihhovisi lomshushisi kunjalo ukudluliselwa komunye igunya kwenye, isibonelo, anganquma ukuze uthumele zokwakha Investigative iKomidi amaphoyisa.

Ngesikhathi yavusa elikhulu enkulu ukukhala umphakathi isinqumo ukuze uthumele amacala GP lapho abashushisi iyavela FSB ukuphenya kusukela UK. Noma kunjalo, kusukela iphuzu esisemthethweni umbono isinqumo kwakungokomthetho yini.

Indima lilawulwa zokwahlulela phezu yi

Imvume ukungena indlu inikezwe yinkantolo, kanye neminye imisebenzi (wiretapping, ukuqapha izincwadi).

UMshushisi ubeka imvume yangaphambili futhi bahlanganyela Ukuhlola isicelo yinkantolo. Uma Kwaseshwa ngenxa ukuphuthuma kanye nokugcizelela ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento elinde isinqumo senkantolo, umphenyi ihlolwe semthethweni yezenzo. Umhlangano ne iqhaza esiyisibopho umshushisi.

With iqhaza lakhe isixazululekile:

• ibekwe ukobana umsolwa noma abasolwa umuntu esitokisini;
• ukukhululwa esitokisini;
• isandiso ukuboshwa wendlu.

Izikhalazo ngaso sethulwa phambi kwenkantolo emzimbeni isinyathelo yophenyo, uphenyo, umshushisi kufanele kubhekwe iqhaza igunya lokuphatha.

Inkantolo ubophekile ukumemezela ukuqokwa lomhlangano futhi unelungelo ukuba bahlole isikhalazo ngaphandle iqhaza umshushisi, uma wayengasekho.

Ukumiswa kwecala, uphelela

Ingxenye 2 of Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure unika umshushisi ilungelo ukusekela isinqumo sesikhulu nophenyo noma umphenyi sokuqeda zobulelesi ngu ekuvunyweni isinqumo ngalolu daba. Noma yimuphi umshushisi wenza isiqunto alichitha icala. Kuyefana nasendleleni ukumiswa zokukhiqiza.

Ulungiselela kunjalo ukuba kuthunyelwe enkantolo

Ngemva kokuphothulwa kophenyo noma ephenya umlandu udluliselwa ehhovisi lomshushisi. It uphasisa icala qophelo ukwamukelwa.

Umshushisi, ukuthola ukuthi kwakukhona nokwephula, ithumela icala emuva ibukeza nge iziqondiso ezibhaliwe.

Yiziphi izizathu unikeza umthetho lokhu?

• Ukushintsha ivolumu amacala (inani kwabalelwa ubugebengu);
• neziqu ukushintsha (kokuqina noma ukunciphisa amacala ngokushintsha amaphuzu noma izihloko of Criminal Code);
• ukuntuleka kobufakazi obanele lobugebengu noma icala umuntu;
• ukwephula amalungelo ababambiqhaza enqubeni, okuyinto kwaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu;
• self-incriminating esolwa ummangalelwa.

Umthetho alisho ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izisekelo kungenzeka umshushisi. Kuhloswe ukuthi kufanele esekelwe ezimweni ezithile.

Ekusebenteni, cishe awuphulwa ematfuba ukuze okubalulekile futhi etafuleni by umseshi. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ibhekwa okubi, t. Ukuze. Luhlolo Ibambezelekile of amacala futhi inikeza umthwalo ezengeziwe iziphathimandla uphenyo. Konke lokhu Yiqiniso, kwehlisa izinga komthetho.

Ingxenye 4 Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure, onikeza ilungelo aqede nokushushiswa, ngeshwa, osebenza ngaphansi kakhulu lapho umshushisi akanayo ngezizathu okwanele ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi, njengoba kufakazelwa izibalo.

Uma kunjalo livela nophenyo

Uphenyo - ifomu lula zophenyo. Ngemva kokuphothulwa iqondiswe Ummeli amasamanisi (analog icala). igunya Supervisory:

• Uthi lo icala;
• ithumela emuva izinto ibukeza;
• anqamule kwecala;
• enquma ukudlulisa icala ngumphenyi.

Umshushisi unelungelo ukuthambisa icala noma ukubeka izinto ezithile.

Isinqumo ukubuyela izinto ukuze kuqhutshwe uphenyo sicelo ngesikhathi umshushisi ephakeme ngemvume yophenyo.

izinqubo ezikhethekile ekubhekaneni

Umshushisi (Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure) ugunyaziwe asayine isivumelwano ku inqubo lula uphenyo nokucubungula kunjalo.

Ehlongozwayo ngu umphenyi futhi kusekelwa umshushisi, it is sidluliselwe enkantolo, okwenza isinqumo sokugcina.

Ingqikithi yalo sivumelwano ukuze athole ngesibawo isijeziso esiphezulu engekho ngaphezu kuka-kwesigamu inani okunokwenzeka. Linikeza amacala, isijeziso esiphezulu engesiyo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-5 ejele.

Umthetho uvumela inselele ezinkantolo ephakeme isijeziso amaqiniso ayisisekelo abekho ingxabano eba isicupho abamangalelwa, azange abe esethole amakhono ngokwanele uthando lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala.

Cishe zonke emacaleni obugebengu okuncane kobukhulu yizinkantolo ngendlela lula.

Kweqhaza umshushisi ecaleni

Ngezinye okokuqala, wokuqala owaqhutshelwa yokuzwa wokulungiselela, ihlolwe indlela icala ilungele ukubuyekeza, futhi ikakhulu, kahle kanjani umshushisi bafeza imisebenzi yakhe.

Ukukhomba kwamaphutha okuholela ukubuya icala umshushisi ke idluliselwe umphenyi noma umseshi.

I-CPC kubonisa uhlu ongaphelele izimo afune ukubuyela icala umshushisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunjalo zibe khona kungaxoxwa ngazo nabo. Uyini umehluko?

Nakuba kunjalo ezandleni kumshushisi womphakathi, kungathatha izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthola ubufakazi obusha, ukuqeda amaphutha aye enziwa ababusi umphenyi noma obuzayo.

Ijaji inamandla efanayo, kodwa injongo isicelo sabo - ukuqinisekisa ukulingana amaqembu e enkantolo. Ngemva kunjalo ovunyelwe uquketheni, iphutha is hhayi iqedwe ngumshushisi, kungaholela sina yicala lobugebengu noma ukunqandwa abafanelwe ukujeziswa.

Inkantolo ayizange umhlanganyeli ngesikhathi kushushiswa, icala langasezantsi libe lwesithathu, futhi ezimbili: kuphakathi kokuthi ukuqaphela umuntu owenze noma bathethelele ke. Ngaphambili, inkantolo Ungathumela leli cala ukuze kuqhutshwe uphenyo ngenxa luhlolo on izinzuzo, futhi manje lokhu kungeke kwenzeke.

Yini izenzo ezithile abazenzi, umshushisi enquma. Ijaji unelungelo ukunikeza izinkomba ngokwengxenye kuphela, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene amacala kokuqina ukuze singathwesi sahlulele lomusho esilandelayo.

Kungenjalo, isinqumo on izinzuzo.

Ingxenye 3 Art. 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure uphoqa Umshushisi ukusekela umshushisi, zivikelwe umthetho. Awukwazi ukufihla amaqiniso noma ubufakazi ukunciphisa kwenkokhiso noma bathethelele ngokugcwele ummangalelwa.

Esikhathini Isivivinyo umshushisi unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa:

• ukubuza imibuzo iqhaza kwecala, ofakazi kanye nochwepheshe;
• ukubamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni ubufakazi;
• ukuhambisa uhlu lwezikhalazo.

Okuvela izimo ulunge kangakanani umuntu adinga kuye sokuhoxisa amacala. Uma sesazi kubo kamuva wakhonza wokumelana sinqumo. It is wakhonza njengephayona umshushisi, ekuqaleni wathatha ingxenye, kanye negunya umsebenzi ephakeme.

Njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni 37 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure, umshushisi iyosebenza zonke izigaba inqubo. It is noma ithengiswe ngokuqondile noma kudalulwe kwamanye amalungiselelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lokwenqaba ukuya umshushisi uthi isetshenziswa ngendlela futhi ngezizathu eyasungulwa CCP.

Umshushisi unamandla kakhulu, futhi ngezindlela azisebenzisa ngazo, kunomthelela ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo izakhamuzi 'noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangabi nankinga namthetho.