Apocrypha - lokukhwabanisa ... Kusukela isambulo imfihlo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo nezenkolo eziye ehleleke kahle komphakathi, yokwehlayo ecacile athuthukile lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa imfundiso futhi ukucabanga, ngokuvamile zingasetshenziswa futhi iqoqo imibhalo ogunyaziwe ukuthi bakhonze njengamaphayona ngesilinganiso nangokwesaba umthombo wakho konke ukuphila yenkolo nefilosofi. imibhalo maKristu abizwa engcwele, futhi ngokuvamile abathi ngokwambulelwa nguZimu. izibonelo Eloquent amabhuku engcwele amaKristu, namaSulumane namaJuda - iBhayibheli, iKoran Torah ngokulandelana. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba isambulo engcwele, mibhalo endleleni enzima kusukela lokubhala ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge izibuyekezo okwalandela lwezincwadi kuphelile, okuyinto wamemezela imibhalo yokugcina futhi liphefumulelwe. Kulesi sigaba, lo proscenium elinye uchungechunge imibhalo ngokuthi amavangeli e-Apocrypha. Greek "Ezingengcwele" - 'ziyimfihlo' noma "mbumbulu". Ngakho ukuhumusha ukhona, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili IziNcwadi Ezingengcwele.

Apocrypha - vulamehlo inkohliso

Njengoba kulula ngangokunokwenzeka, singasho ukuthi indaba ye-Apocrypha - kuba incwadi yenkolo, zabhalwa okuyinto kuthiwa kubangelwa umsunguli wenkolo, abafundi bayo noma ezinye iziphathimandla abavelele isiko. Kodwa ngokungafani imibhalo engamukelwa, i-Apocrypha ababhekwa njengenkolo bangempela futhi ohlonishwa njengomholi eziphefumulelwe kokubusa ukugeleza esemthethweni futhi. Ngenxa bebizwa engamanga, okungukuthi e-Apocrypha.

iwazi

Abanye ochwepheshe futhi ukuhlukanisa olunye uhlobo izincwadi e-Apocrypha, Kwakhiwani ukuba baqaphele okushiwo igama lesiGreki yesibili - imfihlo. khona ongoti kwezempilo abathi zihlobene kumasistimu amaningi enkolo, abantu ezingeni yangaphakathi, evulekile kuphela adepts oluseqophelweni abebeyosoka izimfihlakalo ezinye ihlelo. Ngokungafani imiBhalo ukuze zonke semibhalo ye-Apocrypha ukudlala indima concomitant isiko esoteric, i imiBhalo incazelo ngamazinga aphakeme, ezingeni ezingaqondakali futhi ukuvula amaqiniso amakhulu. Kusukela ongelutho, la vulamehlo ifihlekile futhi, ngakho-ke, incwadi lapho ethulwa futhi sikhishiwe, kuyimfihlakalo kuye. Isibonelo salolu hlobo izincwadi singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela ivangeli imfihlo likaMarku kanye agcinwe Aleksandriya Church, njengoba kusho umbiko we Orthodox Uchitel Kliment.

Apocrypha ebuKristwini

Uma sikhuluma isiko lamaKristu-Apocrypha, le okunemibandela amaqembu amane tematheksthi bungabonakala:

1. Old Testament Ezingengcwele.
2. New Testament semibhalo ye-Apocrypha.
3. e-Apocrypha Intertestamental.
4. Vnezavetnye Ezingengcwele.

1. semibhalo ye-Apocrypha endala - iTestamente Elidala. Libhekisela Nakabhala umzimba omkhulu imibhalo of the Old Testament. Ngokuvamile kuchasiselwe abavelele izibalo waseBhayibhelini - Adamu, u-Abrahama, uMose, u-Isaya namanye zinzalamizi abaprofethi bakaJehova Tanakh. Lezi zincwadi kukhona ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, khumbula Ezingengcwele kaJeremiya AmaHubo zikaSolomoni.

2. iTestamente Elisha Apocrypha iqembu kuhlanganisa eziningi imibhalo zifana in ukuhluza nokuloba imisebenzi akha lwezincwadi eTestamenteni Elisha. abalobi yabo okuzisholo afakiwe kwesiyingi abafundi abaseduze kaKristu - abaphostoli abanye abafundi koMsindisi. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukukhonza njengendlela Apocrypha Protoevangelie uJakobe.

3. intertestamental-Apocrypha - elinye iqembu imibhalo. Isikhathi oluzenzakalelayo sokulungiselela yabo - 400 BC iminyaka 30-40. BC Leyo nkathi kungenxa yokuthi incwadi yokugcina lwesiHebheru uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli yabhalwa cishe ngo-400 BC futhi incwadi yokuqala, ebhekisela isigaba the New Testament, eminyakeni 30-40. I ubuqambi isibaluli abalingiswa abazakhele bona nge iTestamente Elidala. Ngokwemvelo yayo, izincwadi intertestamental ngokuvamile ezibhubhisayo. INcwadi Ka-Enoke bungabonakala phakathi kwezinye izincwadi ezifanayo.

4. Vnezavetnye Apocrypha - ngakho-ke umuntu angakwazi ukuhlonza iqembu imisebenzi, by isikali yabo nokubaluleka ngokucacile ngaphezu izincwadi nje yenkolo. Baye tiphindze ongoti kwezempilo abathi zihlobene abanye abashumayeli njengezincwadi eziphefumulelwe. Kodwa ngenxa kwesimo sayo kanye nokuqukethwe ayikwazi ashiwo kwezinye izigaba ezintathu. umfanekiso ocacile imisebenzi enjalo kukhona imibhalo Gnostic. Phakathi kwabo singakhumbula iqoqo imibhalo Nag Hammadi. Akukhona ngisho incwadi Apocrypha, nomtapo wezincwadi izincwadi zethu zobuKristu esoteric.

Zinjani cishe kunoma iyiphi amavangeli e-Apocrypha? Yilokhu ekushilo yonke babo ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ababethi bangabalandeli okufakile agcwele ku-uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli esemthethweni emibhalweni ephefumulelwe. Abanye baze isikhashana ukwazile. Abanye baye baba nethonya elikhulu kumiswa inguqulo ezivamile "uLizwi KaNkulunkulu". Ngokwesibonelo, Book Apocrypha Enoke ocashunwe okukakhenoni Epistle of St uJude. Futhi eBandleni Ethiopia namanje phakathi ongcwele, kanye Torah amavangeli amane ayaziwa.

Okunye semibhalo ye-Apocrypha, cishe yonke kakhulu inqatshelwe ekuqaleni, base kamuva emhlabeni neyaziwayo njengeyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. ETestamenteni Elisha lezi zincwadi kukhona Encwadi YesAmbulo futhi taPawula eziningana.

isiphetho

Njengoba sekuzoqala ekusakazekeni kobuKristu, lapho, phakathi izikole eziningi namahlelo Awukasethi umholi othize, kwakukhona isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa imibhalo, abathi indima izambulo zaphezulu, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke okungenani egunyeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke womuntu. Omunye amaVangeli, kwakukhona ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu, futhi ngempela umphakathi ngamunye kwadingeka iqoqo yayo imisebenzi onegunya yena. Khona-ke, ngo-inqubo yokwanda nokuthuthukiswa wamasiko Katolika, eminye imibhalo waqala BUSA nezinye, futhi abaholi emiphakathini okuyinhloko kwaqala enqabela abalandeli bayo bakwazi ukufunda izincwadi alibonwa. Lapho kafolikov party IV ekhulwini asisekela ngokugcwele kusuka kuhulumeni, "yezihlubuki," impi yangempela kwathiwa imibhalo. izimiso Special nemiyalo zombusi ababhishobhi yonke imisebenzi ezingafakwanga ohlwini lwezincwadi ubhujiswe. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ngisho leyo mibhalo, okuyinto yayikade njengengcwele bodwa abalandeli yenkolelo. Ngokwesibonelo, IVangeli likaPetru. Ngakho namuhla zonke ayesanda kuluthola-Apocrypha - a ukuzwa emhlabeni yesayensi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa etholakale muva nje iVangeli likaJuda, ngaphambili babhekwa elahlekile. Nokho abalulekile, futhi cishe iningi lamaKristu Apocrypha, ubhubhe irrevocably elahlekile.