Ambrose Optina: Biography, ngomthandazo nangokunxusa ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Ngo Vvedensky Optina oba saint reliquary owaba umambuli olukhulu eRussia kwekhulu XIX. Wayengenaso isithunzi noma umbhishobhi Archimandrite futhi wayengekho ngisho wesigodlo. Ambrose Optina - indela abavamile. Njengoba ukufa, wasukuma isinyathelo esiphezulu izindela ongcwele. Confessor baba Hieroschemamonk. Ngakho kule isikhundla waya eNkosini. Namuhla, efana eminyakeni eminingi edlule, abantu abacela kuye umkhulumeli nokusekelwa ngomthandazo. Eduze izinsalela wakhe ogulayo saphiliswa kusukela izifo ezingelapheki.

Ambrose Optina: ukuphila

St Ambrose emhlabeni okuthiwa Aleksandrom Grenkovym. Wazalwa Novemba 23, 1812 esifundazweni Tambov, edolobhaneni Bolshaya Lipovitsa. Uyisemkhulu kwakungu umpristi, ubaba - Grenkov Mikhail Fedorovich - wakhonza njengephayona sacristan esontweni. igama lomama uMarta Nikolaevna. Wathatha ukunakekela izingane zami eziyisishiyagalombili. By the way, indodana ka-Aleksandru eseneminyaka lesithupha. Ubaba walo mfana wafa esemncane. Izingane wahlala emndenini kumkhulu wakhe.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nambili ka-Aleksandru, ogama lakhe behlonipha Aleksandra Nevskogo, wathunyelwa Tambov sabefundisi. Lapho beqeda ngo-1830, kuba iziqu engcono, wathunyelwa Tambov sabefundisi. Lapho, wagula kakhulu futhi wenza isifungo ukuthi uma uJehova uzothumela ukuphulukiswa yakhe, yena postrizhetsya indela. Kodwa, ukuze wayefisa futhi iziqu sobufundisi 1836, wayesemsebenzini ekujaheni nge monasticism. Okokuqala, u-Alexander waba umfundisi izingane womthengisi ocebile. Khona-ke wathatha ekufundiseni ulimi YesiGreki Lipetsk kwabefundisi esikoleni.

Xhumanisa monasticism

Kodwa lesi sifo esikhohlisayo okwesibili lazenza wazizwa. Nge umngane wakhe omkhulu Pavlom Pokrovskim wahambela zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra futhi umdala reclusive Illarion edolobhaneni Troekurovo. Weluleka kuye ukuya Optina ehlane, ngoba kwakudingeka khona. Ekwindla ka-1839, u-Alexander ngasese eya eshiwo ongcwele umdala abode. Isibusiso uMfundisi abadala Optina, uyise Leo sika, waqala ukuhlala kuyo ehhotela wenze ngokuhumusha "Yizoni lensindiso 'indela ngesiGreki Agapit Landa. Ebusika 1840 wathuthela bahlala yesigodlo. Futhi entwasahlobo, ngemva kokuhlala kwabantu ukungqubuzana mayelana imfihlakalo ukunyamalala Lipetsk izikole, uphuzwe njengoba lutho. Waqale wakhonza njengombonisi cellmate, bese umfundi ngesikhathi Leo umdala. Khona-ke ngenza yokubhaka. Ngokulandelayo, washintshelwa ekhishini umsizi.

Ngisho nalapho umuntu omdala Leo wayephila 1841 yasisedlula ukulalela nokufafazwa umdala Macarius uyise. Kuyinto ngokwentando yakhe ehlobo izinwele zakhe kuqala ahlukaniswe rassophore, futhi ekwindla 1842 lapho bafaka isiphuku ogama lakhe behlonipha Saint Amvrosiya Mediolanskogo. Ngemva konyaka, wamiswa igosa, futhi ekuqaleni ebusika e-1845 wamiswa ukuba abe ngumpristi Kaluga. Kulolu hambo wabona umkhuhlane omubi, okwakunginika kwetintfo kwezitho zangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke kungaba ngeke esakwazi.

umdala umsizi

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 1846 waqokwa umsizi ebupristini duhovnichestve Macarius umdala. Kodwa impilo ebuthaka ngesinye isikhathi kwakusongela isici ngenxa yokuphila St Ambrose. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho kuthatha schema omkhulu ngaphandle kokushintsha igama layo. Isiphetho sakhe kusukela abasebenzi. Futhi uhlala sincike sezindela. Kancane kancane impilo ngcono kancane. Uma wadlulela uyise iNkosi Makarii Ambrose kuthatha izinkathazo engiyesaba kunazo zonke ukukhohlwa. IsAm njalo wahlushwa yisiphi isifo: anakho kolwelwesi phathelana kuhlonyiwe, waqala ukuhlanza ke isifo sezinzwa, umkhuhlane ne Ukugodola noma imfiva. Ngo-1862 wathola ingalo dislocated. Ukwelashwa eye yaqeda sina zempilo yakhe. Yena wayeka uya ethempelini ukuze zikhulekele, bese akakwazanga ukuphuma esitokisini sakhe.

isifo

Ngo-1868, kwanezela zonke ngezilonda ukopha hemorrhoidal. Khona-ke Abbot Isaka ucela phambili edolobhaneni eyisimangaliso isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu zika Kaluga. Kuseli abadala wakhonza akathist moleben Virgin ke uyise, u-Ambrose kakhulu kulula. Nokho, kwezifo alukapheli kube kuhle kimi. Yena njalo retsedivirovala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Umdala Ambrose umvuzo waba igolide pectoral cross - ivelakancane ngesikhathi ukukhuthazwa. St Ambrose ngo-1884, waba umsunguli we sezindela yabesifazane, etholakala eduze Optina, edolobhaneni Shamordino. Wabusisa shimonahini Sofia phambili umphakathi zesifazane. Kamuva wathola isimo Isigodlo (1 Okthoba 1884), lapho ibandla lokuqala lanikezelwa, wadala emisebenzini ngemithandazo kayise u-Ambrose. Ngo-1912, elinye lezindela ka wezindela kwaba Maria Nikolaevna Tolstaya - udade Lva Tolstogo, kwakuzondeka Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ngo-1901. Kube eshona ngemva konyaka, njengoba ningadlanga izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokufa izithembiso zakhe Izigodlo.

ngesakhiwo etemibhalo

St Ambrose washona ngo Shamordino abode. Kwathi 10 Okthoba, 1891. Wembelwa e-Optina ehlane, ngasethuneni uyise Macarius. Emngcwabeni babevela wonke inombolo nenqwaba yabantu. Futhi nakhu - indaba Zosima uMdala e "Abafowethu Karamazov" by Dostoevsky. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi umbhali sekuyisikhathi eside efile. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ehlobo 1878 F. M. Dostoevsky nomngani wakhe nalowo asebenzisana Vladimirom Solovevym ayichitha Optina. Imihlangano izindela utshelwa umbhali ukudala umfanekiso Zosima uMdala. Dostoevsky, efana uLeo Tolstoy, waba obuseduze ezingokomoya ngalesi umdala ongcwele Ambrose, ngubani Yiqiniso, washiya nokuncane elikhanyayo izinhliziyo zabuna omkhulu Russian.

Kodwa emuva ngendlela okungcwatshwa ngayo ikhehla. Ekuqaleni lonke umngcwabo udwendwe olusuka umzimba ngokuzumayo yaqala ukusakaza oyiphunga esindayo. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo waxwayisa Umdala Ambrose phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ukuthi umiselwe yokuthi wathola isamba udumo ongafanelwe okungavamile. Kwaba ukushisa babulawa. Nokho, kancane kancane, iphunga kwamazinyo yanyamalala. Futhi yaqala ukusakaza nephunga engavamile, kokubili kusuka izimbali nezinyosi fresh.

inkonzo kwabanye

Ambrose Optina wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe ekukhonzeni abanye. Abantu ngizwe uthando lwakhe nokunakekela, ngakho impendulo wenhlonipho ejulile kanye nenhlonipho. Ngo-1988 ku-UMkhandlu weNdawo ka Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia abagcotshwa. IsAm Umdala Amvrosiy Optinsky wathi ngamunye olusetshenzisiwe lulula futhi lucacile, ngokunembile futhi amahlaya okuhle. Noma kunganikeza izimpendulo Abantu bafunda kakhulu futhi odumile isikhathi. Wayengabuye athobe ningakhathazeki futhi bengafundile ongumlimi owesifazane, ezakhononda ukuthi wayebulele turkey, nokuthi lona wesifazane ngemuva kokuthi saxosha ngisho yakhe egcekeni.

Ambrose Optina: imfundiso

ONgcwele AMROS uyise wafundisa ukuthi abantu kufanele baphile kanjani njengoba isondo ukuphotha, okuyinto iphuzu elilodwa uthinta ubuso bomhlaba, futhi nakho konke okunye ivame phezulu. Waqhubeka etshela maqiniso:

1. Thina ikakhulu njengoba zalyazhem futhi ngeke ngikwazi ukuvuka.
2. Lapho nje engamakhulu izingelosi lapho, futhi lapho isimangaliso, akekho noyedwa.
3. Yomuntu kubi kusukela yini akhohlwe ukuthi ukhona uNkulunkulu ngaphezu kwakhe.
4. Uma umuntu ecabanga kakhulu ngaye ngokwakhe, ukuthi yinto uzolahlekelwa.

Ngokusho St-Ambrose, kubalulekile ukuba kube lula ukuphila, ngoba engcono. Asikho isidingo adala ubuchopho bakho, into esemqoka - ukuba bathandaze kuNkulunkulu, yena ahlele konke, ngakho asikho isidingo sokuthi ahlupha ngokwakho ezindla ngalokho futhi kanjani ukwenza konke. Konke kufanele ahambe kuyindlela okufanele kwenzeke - limelela ukuphila kube lula. Uma ufuna ukuzizwa uthando, ukudala imisebenzi yothando, nakuba ekuqaleni futhi sazingezwa. Ngelinye ilanga ubaba u-Ambrose wathi naye umane uthi. Ukuze lokhu waphendula ngokuthi lula wacela uNkulunkulu iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ambrose Optina kwaba yesithathu ngemva umdala uVenerable Leo futhi Macarius. Wayengumuntu umfundi yabo, baba edume kunazo futhi agubha bonke abadala Optina.

ihhovisi

St uBasil Omkhulu wanikeza incazelo yakhe yomuntu. Wayibiza ngokuthi kokuba ongabonakali. Izinga eliphakeme lokhu kusebenza abantu abangokomoya ezifana uMdala Ambrose. Abanye ukubona kuphela uhlaka okuthiwa zokuphila kwakhe kwangaphandle, futhi sikwazi kuphela ukuqagela mayelana nezwe kwangaphakathi. Kusekelwe ft ongenabugovu lomthandazo njalo ayibonakali iso womuntu ayiphathelene phambi kukaJehova.

Izikhungo ngokuvamile eyenziwa ezisenkumbulweni izinsuku ezingcwele. St Ambrose Optina sinikezelwa. Ukuya eziningi abantu. Njalo ukufunda Akathist eSt Ambrose Optina. Ukufa lenkulu ongcwele awuzange uphazanyiswe ngenxa abantu abanayo futhi namanje umthandazo wabo Uyi luphulukisa usizo. Ukukhazinyuliswa St Ambrose Optina liqala ngala mazwi: "ukuze yanelise kuwe, Baba Mfundisi Ambrose ...". Isonto uyakhumbula igama St Okthoba 10 - ngosuku lapho eziletha phambi kukaJehova, ngo-June 27 - ngosuku yokufuna izinsalela futhi 11 October at Cathedral wabadala Optina. Umthandazo St Ambrose Optina liqala ngala mazwi: "O Starch omkhulu futhi ugodniche uNkulunkulu, uBaba wethu, uMfundisi Ambrose ...".

Amakholwa abantu abafuna ukuba bakhulekele izinsalela ezingcwele St Ambrose futhi nithandaze ukholo olujulile luyadingeka ukwamukela ukuphulukiswa. Umdala ncengani ke kuvela eNkosini. Ukwazi lokhu, abantu zihlale ngokushesha Optina ehlane usizo nokuvikelwa.

Nomthandazo obusa Umdala zihlaba

Kukhona umthetho womthandazo St. Ambrose Optina. Ngakho kusukela kwenye yezincwadi zakhe ukuba Daze lakhe elingokomoya. Ubhala ukuthi ingabe kufanele sikholwe lokho njalo futhi sethemba isihe uJehova, okuyinto ukuqeda noma yimuphi umuntu futhi kwamaqhinga isitha. Bese usho amaHubo sikaDavide, owathandaza ehoreni nokushushiswa okuvela abawasukelayo yakhe. Lona 3rd, 53 th, 58 th, 142 th. Waqhubeka ubhala ukuthi wazikhethela isimo esifanele inkulumo yakhe futhi uwafunde kaningi, njalo ukuphendukela kuNkulunkulu ngokuthobeka nokholo. Futhi lapho ziyohlasela esigayegayeni igcwalisa umphefumulo ngosizi ofuna ukuphumela obala, bese belulekwa ukuba funda iHubo 101.

umbuso

I Monk wathatha esitokisini sakhe inombolo nenqwaba yabantu. Abantu bathuthelekela kuye kulo lonke elaseRussia. Wavuka ekuseni kakhulu - ngezinye ezine ekuseni. Lezi ezinhlanu kakade ngokuthi Kelejnikov. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala kokubusa ekuseni. Wayensethandaza wedwa. Nge emahoreni ayisishiyagalolunye reception waqala - ekuqaleni zenkolo, nangasemva kwabo - abantu abavamile. It ugcina usuku 11 ezimpondweni, lapho sifunda kusihlwa umthetho eside. Phakathi kwamabili, exhegwini, ekugcineni, kwakunebandla elilodwa. Lokhu Babematasa eko sokwephuza ukubuya. Futhi ngakho nsuku zonke wenza feat lwakhe olukhulu. Ngaphambi abadala St Ambrose bengalamukeli abesifazane esitokisini sakhe. Ehlangana nabo, njengoba somoya yabo zomculo. Ngakho-ke, waba kamuva umuntu ozoyisiza umsunguli we sezindela labesifazane e Shamordino.

izimangaliso

Omdala, ngenxa umthandazo abo engqondo, kwadingeka kuyisipho esivela kuNkulunkulu - wonderworking futhi perspicacity. It is a lot of amacala siqoshwe kusuka amazwi abantu ezaziwayo. Omunye wesifazane kusukela Voronezh elahlekile ehlathini, eyayiqhele ngamakhilomitha eziyisikhombisa kusukela sezindela. Kungazelelwe wabe wabona ngilixhegu, ogama Hock waveza indlela yakhe. Ngokusho kwakhe, waya esigodlweni sezindela Lodge uMdala Ambrose. Lapho efika eduze, kungazelelwe cellmate wamcela iphi Avdotia kusukela Voronezh? kamuva Imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu, weza aphume ixhegu izinyembezi futhi sobs. Wathi ukuthi Ambrose - lokhu umuntu bemletha indlela efanele ehlathini.

Kwakukhona omunye umcimbi emangalisayo, lapho isisebenzi wafika Optina ezingwadule oda nemali kukhiqizwe iconostasis. Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, wanquma ukubuza bona afumane isibusiso sokuphumula abadala. Kodwa wathi kwakudingekile ukuba ulinde izinsuku ezintathu. Master wacabanga ukuthi "Whistler" yena nomholo wabo, kodwa namanje ulalele indela ubudala. Kamuva, wathola ukuthi, ngaphandle kokunikeza isibusiso eside kangaka, le ndoda endala ngokoqobo wamsindisa ukufa. Phela, lezi izinsuku ezintathu osafunda yakhe uqobo babemqaphele ngaphansi kwebhuloho, yokweba abulale. Kuphela uma sebehambile, umambuli wathatha master nimyeke ahambe.

Futhi uma uMfundisi Amvrosiy Optinsky ngivuselele ihhashi efile we ongumlimi ompofu wayememeza phezu kwalo. Ongcwele ibanga wayengathi, efana Nikolay Chudotvorets, ukusiza abantu izinhlekelele ezahlukene. izindaba Ngakho eziningi ezinhle ezihambisana negama St Ambrose. Ngempela, akumangalisi le Macarius ongcwele ziqagelwa kuye ukuthi wayengeke abe umuntu omkhulu.

isiphetho

Lapho kwakunjalo ezikhathini ezweni omawala esindayo, Optina wakhukhuleka ivaliwe. Chapel ethuneni yaleli khehla libhujiswa. Kodwa indlela eya ethuneni saint akuyona yene. Ekwindla ka-1987, Optina beSonto lalibhekwa wabuyela. Ngonyaka ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo ukuvuselelwa isithonjana Isigodlo zamirotochila Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ukuthola kwe-izinsalela St Ambrose Optina kwaba ngo-1998. wakhe ongapheliyo Teles ukuphumula Optina, e Vvedensky ethempelini Manje.