Amaprotheni: Ukwahlukaniswa amaprotheni lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

A sefilosofi esaziwayo Marx kanye ezihlongozwayo yencazelo elandelayo "ukuphila" - uhlobo khona imizimba amaprotheni. Futhi nalenkulumo akunakwenzeka ukuba ngiphikisane naye. Ngesikhathi nhliziyo umzimba isilwane yiso kanye lesi izinto. Iziphi izici ukunquma imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile? I amaprotheni isebenze? Ukwahlukanisa, isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwo lezi izinto, kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.

Umqondo izinto eziphilayo

Iqembu izinto eziphilayo kufakwe izinto eziphilayo, zihlanganisa amaprotheni, lipids, ukudla okumahhadla nomoya-acid nucleic. Bonke bangabangasokile biopolymers - izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa inani elikhulu amayunithi ukuphinda. Ngokwesibonelo, lipids aqukethe polyalcohol glycerol futhi fatty acid. izingxenye ezinjalo ngokuphinda abizwa ngokuthi monomers. Abayona ngaphandle namaprotheni. Ukwahlukanisa amaprotheni nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezimweni eziningi, esekelwe isakhiwo sabo.

Amaphrotheni - ngesisekelo ukuphila

Ngokwesiko kucatshangwa ukuthi base amaprotheni babe kuphela isilwane eziphilayo. Futhi, ngempela, ukuba ahlanganiswe yalolu ketshezi, sidla inyama yengulube kanye yenkomo inyama, yenkukhu, amaqanda nenhlanzi. Kodwa semali yalolu ketshezi kuqukethwe ukudla isitshalo. Okusanhlamvu (ubhontshisi, uphizi, amantongomane, usoya) kukhona namaprotheni atholakala emifinweni fount.

Isakhiwo amaphrotheni

Amaphrotheni kuyizindlela ezilula kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eyingqayizivele oyiyo. Basuke ezakhiwe monomers ngokuthi ama-amino acid. Lona impahla kuphela organic eziphilayo, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba nitrogen chemical isici.

Omunye amaprotheni siqukethe amabili amino acid. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, monomer ngamunye siqukethe athomu carbon lapho isici unamathele hydrogen, iqembu acid, iqembu carboxyl kanye olukhulu. Leli qembu ngama-athomu, zazo amino acid ihluke nomunye. Yingakho amaprotheni zahlukahlukene kanjalo nesakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi abasenzela.

isakhiwo amaprotheni

Kuye yinkimbinkimbi amaprotheni isakhiwo ihlukaniswe yaba ezine:

1. Primary kuyinto uchungechunge amino acid exhumene ngu peptide izibopho. Evela emalungeni Amino futhi karboksogruppy.

2. Okwesibili - iketango acid acid osontekile ibe Kuvunguza. Connections okuyinto akhiwa kule isakhiwo abizwa ngokuthi i-hydrogen.

3. ephakeme simele globule. Kuyinto ikhoyili ka ohlobo coiled isakhiwo yesibili.

4. eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni - globule molecule ezimele iqoqo izakhiwo eziningana ezinjalo.

Isakhiwo yokugcina kungenzeka untwisted ukuba nalokho okuyisisekelo kanye okuphambene. Lezi zinqubo awushintsheki futhi zibizwa ngokuthi alulazayo futhi renaturation. Inqubo nolokubhujiswa isakhiwo eyinhloko - ukubhujiswa - awushintsheki.

Amaprotheni: Ukwahlukaniswa amaprotheni

Kuye ukubunjwa amakhemikhali ukuhlukanisa amaprotheni elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Eyokuqala siqukethe kuphela amino acid lesibili ngaphezu kwalokho kuhlanganisa iqembu zokufakelwa. Kuyinto ingxenye imvelo nonprotein.

Ukwahlukanisa amaprotheni elula (proteids) esekelwe chemical yabo nemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, histones futhi protamines babe izakhiwo eziyisisekelo, njengoba iningi yakhiwa arginine. Ziyakwazi izingxenye amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayingxenye nuclei cell. Prolamins ngamaphrotheni Lokudabuka isitshalo futhi inqwaba eziqukethwe imbewu okusanhlamvu. Albumin futhi globulin - izingxenye igazi labantu.

Ukwahlukanisa eziyinkimbinkimbi amaprotheni elihlobene ne Prostatic imvelo iqembu. Ngakho, ingxenye glycoproteins, ngaphandle ama-amino acid, izinsalela carbohydrate afakiwe.

Ubisi casein,-albumin, amaqanda ezinyoni izinhlanzi amaqanda ihtulin - futhi amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zibizwa ngokuthi phosphoproteins oqukethe ingxenye isakhi asidi amaminerali.

Izinsalela of DNA ne-RNA ne amino acid ayingxenye nucleoprotein, okuyizinto ingxenye izakhiwo amaselula.

Ngo-plasma, iphaphu izicubu, le mitochondria, cell ulwelwesi kukhona lipoproteins. iqembu labo Prostatic ehlanganisa amagama ahlobene kwamafutha.

Lokho wehlukile kanjalo nesakhiwo amaprotheni. Ukwahlukanisa amaprotheni kungabuye esekelwe umsuka amino acid. Abanye ziyakwazi ngokuzimela kwakhiwa emzimbeni womuntu. Zibizwa ngokuthi engabalulekile. amino acid kuyizinto olunye uhlobo ungakwenza ngabantu bangaphandle kuphela. Lokhu kubalulekile amino acid. Ezinye zazo okuvela ezilwaneni kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bathi ukudla inyama kuyadingeka ekuthuthukiseni evamile yomzimba womuntu.

Ukwahlukanisa amaprotheni Umsebenzi

Ekhuluma ngento obusebenzayo kunamaqembu eziningana ezibangela kubalulekile organic. amaprotheni enzymatic kukhona yelikhono begazi. Bona kusheshiswe chemical ukusabela, ke Asingeni ukubunjwa imikhiqizo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Amylase futhi maltase kufakwe yokwakheka ngamathe womuntu, wajinge wanamatsela carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ukuba elula usuvele ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. I esiswini lipase enzyme emulsifies amafutha ukuze monomers. Kukhona iqembu amaprotheni kokuba nomphumela ophambene, ingasheshi ijubane ukusabela. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi inhibitor.

Kuthiwa ama-hormone nazo izinto wamaprotheni imvelaphi. Kubantu nasezilwaneni ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana izitho zabo ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi nezindlala. Ngokwesibonelo, le ndlala pituitary sise esesiqwini sobuchopho bukhipha i-hormone ukukhula. Ungena igazi, okuyinto aqoqana kancane kancane ezithinta izinguquko ambalwa emzimbeni.

Ukuphepha amaprotheni igazi okuthiwa amasosha omzimba. umsebenzi wabo iwukudambisa izinhlayiya ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye angaphandle engena phakathi umzimba. Amasosha Omzimba bakwazi ukuqaphela bababhubhise ngu phagocytosis - ukugaya intracellular. Isebenze we amaprotheni zokuzivikela inquma lizinga amasosha omzimba womuntu, okuyinto ikhono simelane isifo bemvelo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane.

amaprotheni Ezokuthutha globin ingxenye abomvu egazi, athwala negesi lokushintshisana. Actin futhi myosin kukhona contractile namaprotheni kwemisipha izicubu.

Nazi njengoba ahlukahlukene isakhiwo kanye amakhono amaprotheni. Ukwahlukanisa amaprotheni okusekelwe izici amakhemikhali yabo ukwakheka kanye izici sokusebenza.