Amabhuloho UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki sokuthula

Ngezikhathi abantu kudala baye bazama ukuqonda ubukhulu - yokuwuthola entabeni, ukuwela izilwandle nasolwandle. Futhi le njongo sidale isakhiwo ekhethekile, esithinta bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo eliyingqayizivele futhi oluvelele. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola amabhuloho esiyinqaba hola imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo.

ubudala Europe

Ake uqale nge kwebhuloho Kappelbryukke e Lucerne. Waziwa umhlobiso lakhe elingaphakathi: imidwebo ngekhulu le-17, esikhuluma ngokubutha okuyokwenzeka ngokuphila isikhathi. Baqhubeka 25 izingcezu kanye 110. Ibhuloho lakhiwa 1333 uqobo futhi ngokufanelekile unesiqu esithi kwaleli bhuloho endala lokhuni eYurophu. Iningi design lulahlekile emlilweni zenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-20 eyedlule ngokuphelele. Nokho, namuhla ke izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukubona lo igalari ibhuloho.

Nokho, ibhuloho eminingi yasendulo eYurophu kubhekwa ukuba Rialto abadumile. Yena kweqa Grand Canal nge 1181. Cishe iminyaka emine, wayemi yayinjalo ngokuphelele, futhi kuphela ngo-1551 iziphathimandla zanquma on umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo zalo. Kuthiwa amaphrojekthi sanikeza Palladio abadumile noMichelangelo, kodwa ilungelo nesimanje esemncane Antonio de Ponte. Nokho Lokhu kwasusa ukugxeka nokungathembani emibuthanweni okusezingeni eliphezulu, inselele umakhi, futhi ibhuloho zisesimweni ephelele futhi manje yenza imisebenzi yayo.

I amabhuloho ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni

Ngakho, kwasekuqaleni kulesi sigaba kuthatha Chinese Danyang-Kunshan. Ubude ukwakhiwa ncamashi 102 amamayela. Ibhuloho ihlanganisa ujantshi, okuyinto ingxenye umzila ngesivinini isitimela Beijing-Shanghai. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa seluqaliwe ngo-2006, futhi izindleko zalo msebenzi zaba cishe isigidi esingu- $ 9. Isisindo design nje ezinkulukazi - amathani angaphezu kuka-450 eziyinkulungwane!

Bridges Japan - kuyisimangaliso engineering. Lokho kuphela kuyinto engavamile ibhuloho Kuvunguza Kawazu-Nanadaru, lakhelwe okusezingeni eliphezulu entabeni yokuma kwayo indawo, noma Kiki, ngesimo incwadi "y" futhi ilenga phezu kwalasha ngaphandle ukwesekwa. Kodwa mhlawumbe iphrojekthi enkulu kakhulu - isakhiwo ngokuthi Akashi - isikhathi eside ibhuloho emhlabeni. ubude cishe ezine amakhilomitha! Ibhuloho lakhiwa phezu iminyaka eyishumi nambili. Futhi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi abakhi uzamile ukushaya irekhodi kothile. Kwasekusithi. Ngo-1995, lapho ukuzamazama Japan wamshaya, ibhuloho isibe ezidingekayo ukuze ungeze izigaba ngaphezulu, lapho waba iqhawe. Kuze kube manje, ubude kuzo zonke izigaba kuyinto amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane 300. Akashi ibhuloho ngokwanele ukuba izungeze umhlaba izikhathi 7.5!

Ungabheki phansi!

Lokhu okulandelayo amabhuloho engavamile ezibhekwa aphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngakho, ibhuloho okuthiwa Millau eFrance. Waze ezisohlwini Guinness Book of Records. Ukuphakama art wobuciko kuyinto 342 metres. Project ukutholakala okunqobayo kwenzeka ngo-2004, iribhoni usike umongameli wezwe, Zhak Shirak. Ngokusho izibalo ezisemthethweni, izindleko ukwakhiwa zaba kwezigidi ezingu 394 euro. Abashayeli Passing ukujabulela imibono lonke yeFrance, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho awele amafu!

Ngo-2009, izwe ngamangala kokutholakala Cu Du ibhuloho, okuyinto ikhuphukela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-500 ngaphezu komhlabathi. Lena ngaphezu uBig Ben, le ecijile Giza, le Statue of Liberty kanye Eiffel Tower! Ibhuloho itholakala esigodini esifundazweni Chinese Hubei. By endleleni, isakhiwo sayo wayebuye engavamile kakhulu. Ngenxa ngokuphazamisa ikhono lokusebenzisa sezwe Cranes noma ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane wayengekho. Khona-ke, ngokuhamba waya ezicitshwayo ekhethekile, okuyinto wabopha ikhebula ikhilomitha. Kweminsalo ziphuthunyiswe omunye ohlangothini umhosha. Ngakho-ke akuyona nje kwebhuloho ngokwayo uhlukile, kodwa indlela lakhiwa-ke, futhi.

Enye iphrojekthi okuphawulekayo "amabhuloho elingavamile ukuthula" isigaba - ibhuloho wasezulwini. elinye igama layo - Langkawi. Itholakala Esibhakabhakeni-Bridge kanye nokufinyelela nalokho kungenzeka nge the Ikhasino. Langkawi - ibhuloho lezinyawo. Ubude bayo ezingaphezu kwekhulu amamitha, futhi ukuphakama - mayelana 700 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukuhamba ngaphesheya kwebhuloho, ungajabulela izinto ezinhle kakhulu Malaysian imvula izintaba.

design esiyingqayizivele

Bridges okungajwayelekile e Singapore ukuthi umcabango, lokhu Helix Ibhuloho futhi Henderson Waves.

Asiqale nge Helix. Lokhu bhuloho ukudlula noma iyiphi enye ngenxa yokuthi iba khona - kufana isakhiwo DNA. Kuvulwa ukwakhiwa zenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-2010. ukwakhiwa Bridge ikakhulukazi ezenziwe ngensimbi. Futhi esegcizelela ohlukile ukukhanyisa, okuyinto ibangelwa ngosizo emapheshana LED. Lokho-ke ugcizelela design esiyingqayizivele.

Enye ibhuloho emangalisayo e Singapore - kuyinto Henderson Waves. Yaklanyelwa ngokukhethekile ukuze unike lamatshwayo amagagasi. Ukwakhiwa lebhokisi amapaki ezimbili edolobheni, futhi ikuvumela ukuba ujabulele ukubuka indawo ekhangayo yase-Singapore. Ebusuku, ibhuloho sibekwe ovuthayo, okwenza kube ongaqondakali nakakhulu. Izingxenye ezisemqoka ukwakhiwa - ukhuni steel. Izinkuni iyisivunulo epaki ibhuloho zone, futhi steel - isisekelo kwesakhiwo. Henderson Waves anemisila ezisekelweni wokubuka namabhentshi, okubenza babe uhambo endaweni ephelele.

amabhuloho kudivayisi okungajwayelekile

isondo Falkirk Kugcizelela ne ukubukeka kwayo. Phela, njengoba leli gama lisikisela, ibhuloho kuyinto okusikhumbuza isondo. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko iphrojekthi ungaphakathi internals ayo. Kuze kube manje, Falkirk Wheel - hhayi nje ngebhuloho, futhi khuphula wokuqala futhi kuphela imikhumbi emhlabeni. Umklamo uyakwazi okwenza uguquko 180 degrees. Isitsha aphinde abhukude abuyele e isihlanganisi lokuqala isakhiwo kwebhuloho bese siphenduka futhi ushukumisela isikebhe uqimba engenhla. Lena engavamile ngempela!

Ibhuloho Slauerhofbrug - isakhiwo oluyinqaba Leeuwarden. ukwakhiwa kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe ngenxa omningi lokuthumela ezokuthutha kuleli zwe. Kwakudingekile ukwakha ibhuloho ukuthi bazokwazi ukuba yehle ukugibela liphindele emuva ngokushesha okwanele. Futhi Slauerhofbrug baba isinqumo esinjalo. Yakhiwa 2000 ngesisekelo hydraulics. Ibhuloho zensimbi steel izakhiwo, okukuvumela ukuba kwehliswe futhi wakhuliswa izikhathi 10 ngosuku.

Albion

amabhuloho UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki kukhona eNgilandi. Ngesikhathi emhlabeni odumile Tower Bridge. Yena - ikhadi ngokuvakashela yezwe futhi uphawu yaseLondon. Ukutholwa kwenzeka ngo-1894. Kwaba khona abangu-inkosi yase-Wales. Tower Bridge - omunye liyabonakala kakhulu emhlabeni. ehlukile yayo akuyona kuphela design kodwa futhi design: hydraulically engxenyeni engenhla Ungahambisa up and down. Ngenxa lokhu ngaphansi kwebhuloho letingabhukusha isitsha esikhulu.

Gateshead Millennium Ibhuloho kwavulwa Queen of England ngo-2002. ehlukile yayo ukuthi uyakwazi bend. Lapho design esitshekile nganxanye - sikhule size sibe ngendlela yabahamba ngezinyawo, lapho nezinye - ngaphansi kwebhuloho ziyizitsha ezinkulu.

Enye ibhuloho IsiZulu engavamile wabizwa ngokuthi "imiqulu". ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqedwa ngo-2004. NgoLwesihlanu octagonal ibhuloho isakhiwo uguqulwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uyaphi emuva emini. metamorphoses ezinjalo Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba uhlelo wokubacindezela esiyingqayizivele. Ngokuvamile, futhi Tower Bridge kanye Gateshead, futhi imiqulu - ke drawbridges.

Golden Gate

Ezweni elithile laseMelika, kuyafaneleka ukunaka enjalo amabhuloho enkulu efana eBrooklyn, eNew York kanye Golden Gate e-San Francisco. Brooklyn Bridge lakhiwa ngo-1883 futhi waba uphawu lokuhlala edolobheni, ibhizinesi khadi yakhe kanye umhlobiso yangempela.

Golden Gate - uphawu hhayi kuphela e-San Francisco, kodwa lonke lase-America. Bona - the eyinqaba amasango zwekazi. Ukwakhiwa iphrojekthi yasetshenziswa mayelana $ 35 million. Ngo-1937, lapho kuvulwa kwebhuloho, yasihlephula amarekhodi amabili, abe aphakeme futhi ezinde kunazo zonke ibhuloho emhlabeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e irekhodi esizayo lwaphuka, kweSango Golden futhi namuhla nezidumile libe nombala obomvu futhi ukubuka indawo ekhangayo ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean.

uMose kwebhuloho

Ngu "amabhuloho engavamile" isigaba kuthiwa wenziwa ke isakhiwo ngaphezulu. Yakhiwa ngo-2011 e-Netherlands futhi ogama lakhe behlonipha nomprofethi uMose. I Singularity kwaleli bhuloho ngoba njengoba emseleni uhlukanisa ukugeleza kwamanzi nhlangothi zombili. Uma ukude, ukwakhiwa ngokuphelele hhayi ebonakalayo, ezenziwe ngokhuni bese amanzi. Kudlulwa leli bhuloho, wonke umuntu angakwazi uzizwe njengoMose phambi okuyinto esehlukanisa uLwandle Olubomvu.

Ibhuloho wathola umklomelo "Kuhle Isakhiwo 2011".