Amabhuku ka-Agatha Christie: Uhlu lwemisebenzi

Umlobi ovelele u-Agatha Christie waba ngumsunguli wezenzakalo ezintsha zokubhala - owesifazane oshayayo. Ukuphila kwakhe kuqhubeka nokujabulisa abafundi nabadlali bezemvelo abazama ukufunda ngendlela yakhe emininingwaneni encane kakhulu. Izincwadi zika-Agatha Christie, ogama lakhe liqukethe izinto eziningana, selivele lifundwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ihlolwe, inobumnyama babalingisi nabalandeli. Kodwa u-Agatha Christie uhlala eyedwa kuphela - iNdlovukazi ye-Detective.

I-biography yomlobi

U-Agatha Christie, oncwadi yakhe efundwa emhlabeni wonke namuhla, wazalwa ngo-September 15, 1890 emndenini ocebile ovela e-United States. Uthi wayejabule kakhulu ebuntwaneni bakhe, abazali bakhe babethandana kakhulu, izingane zakhe ezintathu zazinakekelwa ngumnakekeli onakekelayo, bahlala endlini enhle ensimini enhle. Konke lokhu kwaba yisabelo esikhethekile esingokomoya sika-Agatha, wayehlale ekhumbula ukuthi injabulo ikhona. Ngesikhathi esemncane, wayeyintombazane encane engaziwa, enamahloni kakhulu futhi ehlangene. Lapho esemusha, ubaba wakhe wafa, futhi u-Agatha waqala ukuphila komuntu omdala. Ngayiphi intombazane ngaleso sikhathi, umgomo oyinhloko kwakuwumshado. U-Agata uthatha uLieutenant A. Christie ngo-1914. Lo mbhangqwana unendodakazi, uRosalind, kamuva owabeletha umzukulu wakhe oyithandayo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, indlovukazikazi yesikhathi esizayo yayisebenza njengomhlengikazi, bese kuthi ekhemisi. Lokhu kwaba kuye umthombo wolwazi umlobi owasebenzisayo kubaphenyi bakhe. Ngo-1926, umshado kaChristy usenkingeni, umyeni wamemezela isifiso sakhe sokuhlukanisa. Khona-ke kukhona ukunyamalala okudumile komlobi, okuyinto abacwaningi bebelokhu bephikisana iminyaka engaba ngu-100. Ngo-1928, isehlukaniso senzeke, futhi u-Agatha wahamba nohambo olukhulu oluya eBaghdad. Ngalesi sikhathi uhlangana nomyeni wakhe wesibili - M. Mallowan. Ngalo, waphila kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Amaqiniso amaningi we-biography yomlobi waba yingxenye yemisebenzi yakhe.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokubhala

U-Agatha Christie wadala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ngo-1916 - lena yileveli "Isigameko esiyinkimbinkimbi ezitayela." Lapha okokuqala kubonakala izinhlamvu ezidumile zikaChristie: umphenyi u-E. Poirot, uCaptain Hastings, uMhloli we-Japp ophuthumayo, ozoba abaphikisana nabahloli bomlobi eminyakeni ezayo. Le ncwadi yabhalwa kalula, kodwa indlela yakhe eya kumfundi yayingelula. U-Christy wayengenalo uxhumano, akekho owaziyo, futhi abamemezeli abafuni ukufaka engozini yokushicilela kumbhali ongaziwa. Kule ndlu eyisikhombisa yokushicilela wathola ukuqonda, inoveli yakhe yanyatheliswa ekusakazeni izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili futhi yamkhokhela amapounds angu-25. Umsebenzi wawuphumelela, futhi umlobi waqala ukuzinikela isikhathi esiningi sokwenza izinto. Izincwadi zika-Agatha Christie, ohlu lwaso lwagcwaliswa masinyane, "wakhula" emibonweni nemicabango yakhe yokuphila. Uthi imibhalo eyakhiwe ekhanda lakhe lapho ehlangana ebusuku, elalele izingxoxo zezihlobo nezivakashi. Khona-ke wabhala phansi umsebenzi ophelile.

Ukudala kokudala

Kule minyaka eyishumi yokuqala yokubhala kwakhe, u-Agatha Christie, ogama lakhe kancane kancane lithola ukuthandwa, ubhala amanoveli angu-6 kanye neqoqo lezindaba ezingu-11. Bafumana ukuphila kwabo abalingiswa abazoba yizinhlamvu eziyinhloko zochungechunge: E. Poirot, umbhangqwana uTommy noTuppence Beresfordy, uColonel Reis, Inspector Battle. Ngo-1924, uChristie wayesevele edumile, amanoveli akhe ayelindele, abamemezeli bazingelwa ngenxa yabo, i-honoraria yakhula. Kuze kube ngu-1926, impilo yomlobi yayithuthuka ngempumelelo, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi izinkinga zakhe zawela: umama wakhe uyafa, umfowabo waba umlutha wezidakamizwa, umyeni wakhe uqala ukuxabana futhi ufuna ukuhlukaniswa ... U-Agata ushiya ekhaya futhi ulahleka cishe amasonto amabili. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, wathi akakhumbula lutho mayelana nezenzakalo zalezo zinsuku.

Inkathi yokudala i-heyday

Ngemuva kokuhlupheka uChristie uqala okuningi futhi asebenze kahle. Ngonyaka uhamba ezincwadini ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-3, ukuncipha okuncane emsebenzini wokudala kwenzeka esikhathini seMpi Yezwe II. Kwaphela iminyaka eyishumi, kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1936, wabhala izincwadi ezingu-21. Ngo-1930, ngokokuqala ngqa, inkulumo ethi "Ukubulala eNdlini Yase-Vicar" ne-protagonist Miss Marple. Umbhali ucindezela uhlelo lwabalingiswa bakhe, unezela ubuso obusha, njenge-Miss Lemon. Kwamanye amanoveli akhe, izinhlamvu zochungechunge ezahlukene zihlangana futhi zenze ndawonye. Ngo-1939, inkulumo ethi "AmaNdiya Ayishumi Amancane" yashicilelwa, okuyinto leyo indlovukazi eyayiyithandana nayo eyayizibheka njengendalo yakhe. Ngomnyaka we-1940 no-1950, ukukhiqiza kukaChristie kwehla kancane, wazama izinhlobo ezahlukene, wabhala amanoveli omlando kanye nezinhloli. U-Agatha Christie, uhlu lwezincwadi okulukhuni ukusabalalisa, uphendukela kumdlalo, ubhala ingxenye yemisebenzi ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabalingiswa bakhe abajwayelekile. Emsebenzini wakhe, kuwumkhuba ukukhipha uchungechunge olunjalo olusebenzayo mayelana nalokhu:

• Hercule Poirot;
• Miss Marple;
• UMnu. Parker Peine;
• Abatashi ababili uTommy noTuppence Beresfords;
• Umhloli Wezempi.

Amanoveli mayelana no-Ericule Poirot

Umseshi waseMelgium u-Hercule Poirot Agatha Christie, uhlu lwezincwadi ezibandakanya amanoveli angama-33 namanoveli angu-51, ngumlingiswa odume kakhulu womlobi. Le narcissist engaqondakali ngesitayela esikhethekile nokuhlakanipha okuyingqayizivele ukhuluma kahle ngesiNgisi, kodwa ngezwi eliqinile. Uqaphela into abanye abangakwazi ngisho nokukhokha kancane. UChristie wambiza ngokuthi into engalungile, ngakho-ke ayibekezeleleki, kodwa izilaleli zazimthanda kakhulu. Futhi umlobi wanquma "ukuqeda" noPoirot kuphela ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe (ngo-1975): encwadini ethi "The Curtain" uyafa. Ekufeni kwakhe, i-New York Times yabe isiphendule ngesibindi, lokhu kwakuwukuphela kwesikhathi emlandweni lapho umuntu oqanjiwe ebizwa ukuthi ufile. Lolu dumo lunikezwe kuphela umbhali wabaphenyi u-Agatha Christie. U-Hercule Poirot (izincwadi, ohlu lwazo olugcwaliswa manje ngenxa yezihumusho ezintsha ezilimini ezahlukene zomhlaba, zinikezwe kulesi sihloko) ngumlingisi oyinhloko wemisebenzi elandelayo:

• "Imfihlo ye-Blue Express."
• "Ukufa kweNkosi Ergveda."
• "Ukufa emoyeni."
• "Amakhadi asetafuleni."
• "One, two, three - fasten the shoe", njll.

Uchungechunge olumayelana no-Miss Marple

Imisebenzi mayelana nomphenyi omdala yincwadi yesibili ethandwa kakhulu ku-Agatha Christie. Uhlu lwamathekisthi mayelana noMar Marple luhlanganisa amanoveli angu-12 nezindaba ezimfushane ezingu-20, kubandakanya:

• "Umzimba emtatsheni wezincwadi."
• "Umunwe wesiphetho."
• "Kubikwe ukubulala."
• "Isibuko saphukile, sakhala."

Umbukiso wesithombe sikaJane Marple wayengumkhulu womlobi, wayengumuntu onomusa, kodwa njalo, ngokusho kuka-Agatha, yena usola ukuthi wonke umuntu emhlabeni wehle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqala owesifazane omdala uvele endabeni ethi "Izintambo Eziyisishiyagalolunye Ezingavamile" ngo-1927. Emuva ngo-1940, uChristie wabhala incwadi ethi Sleeping Murder, lapho uMart Marple efa khona, kodwa lo msebenzi wanyatheliswa ngo-1976, ngemuva kokufa kuka-Agatha ngokwakhe. Imisebenzi yakamuva kakhulu mayelana nalesi simlingisi ekukhanyeni kwafika izindaba "Isigameko sokugcina sikaMarple Marple" ngo-1979. Nakuba ezinye zezindaba ezincane zishicilelwe ekuqaleni komagazini.

Umphenyi unemikhawulo eminingi, njalo uxoxela izindaba ezivela empilweni yomakhelwane wakhe ezungeze umuzi, unomqondo ojulile futhi osebenzayo. Owesifazane omdala uhlanganisa amasiko e-England yasekuqaleni, ngokungafani nePoirot, futhi akhuthaza izindinganiso zakudala zaseBrithani: ikhaya, ingadi, ubumfihlo. UJane Marple uyathandeka kakhulu, njalo uvakashela abangane nezihlobo futhi uvame ukuzithola eseceleni kobugebengu, ekuphenyweni okufakiwe kuwo. Ukubukeka kwakhe okungenangqondo komsikazi omdala omdala kumvumela ukuba angene kalula ekuthembekeni kwabantu, umenywa itiye, lapho ethola khona konke okudingekayo ukuxazulula ubugebengu. U-Miss Marple uyaphawula kakhulu, uhlale enenkinga ehlanganisayo yezinhlangano nezenzakalo emzaneni wakhe waseSaint-Mary-Meade.

Uchungechunge olumayelana noMnu. Parker Peine

Omunye umlingiswa emisebenzini ka-Agatha Christie wabonakala okokuqala ezindabeni ngo-1934. Kuphelele, cishe izindaba ezingu-14 zanyatheliswa ngokuphila kukaMnu. Paine, futhi eziningi zazo zihlangene zibe yiqoqo elithi "Investigates Parker Pine." Umuntu owayengumsebenzi womphakathi, umninimzi we-detective agency ulungele ukusiza labo abanamanxeba angasebenzi. Imisebenzi yalolu chungechunge ayisona abaphenyi be-classics, umthombo wophenyo ngokuvamile awuwona ubugebengu, kodwa indaba yomuntu siqu kumakhasimende e-agency. I-Pine ithandwa kakhulu ezweni elikhuluma isiNgisi, eRussia uPoirot no-Miss Marple badume kakhulu, futhi imibhalo mayelana nePaine ayifundwa kangako.

Tommy noTuppence Beresfords

Ukuqoqwa kuka-Agatha Christie, uhlu lwawo lwezincwadi luhlanganisa imisebenzi engaphezu kwekhulu, ngeke luphelele ngaphandle kwemibhalo mayelana nomndeni wabahloli. U-Tommy no-Tuppence bavele kuqala encwadini yesibili yomlobi "Umphikisi ongaziwa" ngo-1922. Khona-ke babengakashadi futhi baqala ukuphila ngobugebengu - ukubamba iqhaza njengendlela yokuthola. Kodwa ngokushesha baqaphela ukuthi uphenyo lwalujabulisa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo luzuzisa kakhulu, futhi baba abahloli. UChristie akhenge akhumbule ngalesi sibhangqwana, zonke zivela kumanoveli angu-4 nezintambo ezingu-15, kufaka phakathi: "Flick umunwe wakho kanye kuphela" no "X noma umdlalo." Incwadi ethi "Isango Lokuqothulwa" likhuluma ngamadoda angama-70 anesibhamu abaphenya ngokubulala. Leveli yimiBhalo yokugcina eyabhalwa ngu-Agatha Christie, ngemva kwalokho impilo ayisayivumeli ukuba ibhale. Kodwa akazange abe umsebenzi wokugcina oshicilelwe womlobi.

Umhloli Wezempi

U-Agatha Christie, umbhali ogama lakhe lezincwadi lide lide kakhulu, ethanda ukubuyela kubalingiswa bakhe, izimpilo zabo nezithombe zaba yindaba yokusiza yabahloli. Ngesikhathi sokuqala i-Inspector Battle yabonakala encwadini ethi "Imfihlakalo YeChimney Castle" ngo-1925. I-Superintendent Battle ikhethekile ekuphenyweni kwamacala ahlukumezayo afaka izimfihlo zombuso. Ubekwa icala ngobugebengu obumemezeli bakhe obungathandeki. Ngokuphelele, umhloli uzovela kumanoveli ama-5 ngu-Christie ("Kuzo Zero", "Kula Kulula", "Imfihlakalo Yezikhathi Eziyisikhombisa" nabanye). Mayelana nokuphila kwayo, ubhala kancane futhi akafanelanga ngisho nomlingiswa wakhe ogama ngegama. Konke lokho umfundi okwaziyo ngaye ukuthi usebenza eYcotland Yard, ukuthi useshadile futhi unezingane ezinhlanu. Lokhu okugcinwe kakhulu, umuntu ohlakaniphile futhi okhulile waba nomqondo omuhle kaChristie mayelana nomsunguli wangempela ochwepheshe.

Eminye imisebenzi

U-Agatha Christie ubhala ngabanye abalingiswa. Isibonelo, emaveliveli amane avela uColonel Reis, isikhulu sezobuchwepheshe saseBrithani. Amathekisthi ngaye akhipha umvuzo kumlobi wezinhlobo zezinhloli zezinhloli. Futhi emlandweni ka-Christie kunemisebenzi lapho kubonakala khona abalingiswa, okungeke kusetshenziswe kwenye indawo. Le Harley Keane ekuqoqweni kwezindaba ezimfushane "uMnumzane Keen" omangalisayo (1930), uMhloli Narracot ku-"My Mystery of Sittford" (1931), uFrankie noBobby ethi "Kungani Angabani?" (1935), uMhloli Wezobukhulu kanye noThomas Legg encwadini ethi "AmaNdiya Ayishumi Amancane "(1939), uCharles Hayward encwadini ethi" I-Crouching Little House. "

Dramaturgy

Ngo-1928, i-playwright entsha yabonakala e-Great Britain - Agatha Christie. Uhlu lwezincwadi ngendlela okubhalwa kuyo kuhluke kuhlu kuhlu lokushicilelwa: lokhu kuxhumeke kokubili ngezinhlelo zombhali kanye nemibono yabashicileli. Ngo-1928 inguqulo ephawulekayo yenveli ka-Christie yesithupha ngoRoger Ackroyd ivela - umdlalo "Alibi". Konke kubo, kusukela epeni lomlobi waphuma ngemidlalo engu-24, ezinye zazo ziveza izifundo zamanoveli nezindatshana. Kodwa umdlalo odume kakhulu u-Christie, yiqiniso, yiyona "Mousetrap" yakhe.

Uhlu lwamahle kakhulu

Emlandweni omkhulu womlobi, wonke umfundi uthola umsebenzi owuthandayo. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zika-Agatha Christie, ohlu lwaso olunzima ukulinganisa isibalo, ngu:

• "Umbulali weRoger Ackroyd" (1926).
• "Kubulawe endlini yomqashi" (1930).
• "Imfihlakalo yendawo yokuhlala" (1932).
• "Ukubulala eMpumalanga Express" (1934).
• "Ukufa eNayile" (1937).
• "AmaNdiya Ayishumi Amancane" (1939).
• "Okubi ngaphansi kwelanga" (1941).
• "Ukufa Kufika Ekupheleni" (1944).
• "Indlu encane encane" (1949).
• "Ku-4.50 kusuka ePaddington" (1957).

Isihlangu

Abaphenyi bakaKristuy yizinto ezifunwa kakhulu ngabenzi befilimu. Amafilimu avela ezincwadini zika-Agatha Christie, ogama lakhe likhula njalo, kubhekwa ngisho nabaqondisi abadumile ukuba babe udumo ngokwabo . Ngokuphelele, ama-studio ehlukene efilimu ezwe aqoshwa amathempini angama-100 ematheksthini akhe. Okuphawulekayo kwakuyizinto ezidwebayo:

• "Ukubulala eMpumalanga Express."
• "AmaNdiya Ayishumi Amancane."
• "Maye kwabangenacala."
• "Imfihlakalo yabafileyo."

Ababukeli be-TV nabo bebengakwazi ukungazinaki umsebenzi wakhe, kunemikhiqizo eminingi engabodwa kanye nochungechunge oluphumelelayo kakhulu mayelana nePoirot no-Miss Marple.

Imiklomelo namarekhodi

Naphezu kwefa elikhulu lokubhala, u-Agatha Christie uthole imiklomelo embalwa yokuphila kwakhe. Amanoveli nemidlalo yakhe banikezwa imiklomelo eminingi yokubhala, kuhlanganise nomklomelo ovelele. E.P. Ngo-1956, umlobi wanikezwa umklomelo ohloniphekile - i-Order of the British Empire. Kodwa ifa lakhe lishaya amarekhodi amaningi. Enye yezinyatheliswa kakhulu emhlabeni yizincwadi zika-Agatha Christie: uhlu lwalezi zilimi ezihunyushwe ngazo, lidlule iminyaka eyikhulu. Ungowesithathu endaweni emhlabeni ukushicilela emva kweBhayibheli kanye noShekespeare. Ukusabalaliswa kwezingqikithi zomsebenzi wemisebenzi yakhe kungamakhophi ayizigidi eziyi-5. Unayo inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke zomsebenzi wokubhala ohleliwe .