Alexander Belyaev - imisebenzi eqanjiwe kanye biography

Ngo-2014 iqeda iminyaka engu-130 kusukela kwazalwa umlobi odumile waseRussia u-Alexander Romanovich Belyaev. Lokhu umdali esivelele omunye wabasunguli uhlobo yesayensi eSoviet Union. Ngisho nanamuhla kubonakala kuyisimanga ukuthi indoda emisebenzini yakhe Ungabonisa izenzakalo ezenzeka phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka.

Eminyakeni yokuqala umbhali

Ngakho, ngubani Alexander Belyaev? Biography of kule ndoda elula sakhe futhi eyingqayizivele. Kodwa ngokungafani kuya izigidi zamakhophi imisebenzi umbhali, ukuphila kwakhe kulotshiwe okungaka.

Wazalelwa Alexander Belyaev wesine ngoMashi 1884 emzini Smolensk. Umndeni mpristi wama-Orthodox nengane umfana inamathela ukuthanda umculo, izithombe, sihlakulele isithakazelo kokufunda adventure amanoveli kanye ukufunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe.

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngesikhathi ekufuna lwekholiji, le nsizwa kayise ekhetha yena indlela emthethweni, lokho kuyinto uphumelele kahle.

Izinyathelo zokuqala ezincwadini

Zithola imali enhle emsebenzini wokuziphilisa zomthetho, u-Alexander Belyaev waqala ukuba nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe imisebenzi yobuciko, travel kanye yaseshashalazini. Wabuye ngenkuthalo uyahlanganyela oqondisa futhi dramaturgy. Ngo-1914, seziqalile ukusetshenziswa wakhe play "Ugogo Moira" esanyatheliswa "protalinki" umagazini izingane eMoscow.

isifo esikhohlisayo

Ngo-1919, pleurisy tuberculous okwesikhashana amapulani nezenzo bobusha. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-eziyisithupha elwa lesi sifo Alexander Belyaev. Umlobi okuthola kunzima ukuqeda lokhu ukutheleleka uqobo. Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukwelashwa wahlakulela sofuba yomgogodla, okwaholela ukukhubazeka of the imilenze. Ngenxa yalokho, neminyaka eyisithupha esebenzela wachitha embhedeni, isiguli iminyaka emithathu e ukhonkolo. Ukunganakwa nonkosikazi eminye buthaka lo ugqozi umbhali. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke ayisekho ngokunganaki, bethokoza onamileyo Aleksandr Belyaev. Umlando wakhe ugcwele zezikhathi kalusizi. Ngo-1930, ngemva kokufa eneminyaka eyisithupha indodakazi endala Luda, indodakazi yesibili Svetlana yamathambo wakhe ogulayo. Against ngemuva zalezi zenzakalo esebenzisa isihluku kanye nokugula, kujabulisa Belyaev.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, esalwa no ekuguleni kwakhe, u umuntu esethola amandla nekhanda lakhe bacwiliswa cwaningo izincwadi, umlando, ezinye izilimi futhi imithi.

Impumelelo eside elindelwe

Ngo-1925, ngenkathi baseMoscow, umlobeli Ezifuna ishicilela ku "Ukusebenza iphepha" indaba "UProfesa Dowell sika Head". Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi imisebenzi Aleksandra Belyaeva bakamalalahlengezela phandle eyaziwa ngesikhathi umagazini "Umhlaba Pathfinder", "Ulwazi - force" futhi "Emhlabeni Wonke".

Ngesikhathi ehlala e-Moscow, ithalenta abasha kudala amanoveli amaningi kakhulu - "The Amphibian Man", "The Last Man kusukela Atlantis", "Isiqhingi Umkhumbi ophihlizekile" futhi "Fight emoyeni."

Nokho, i-Belyaev engavamile eshicilelwe ephephandabeni "Whistle" okuyinto ashiye uphawu lwawo, futhi enjalo abalobi Soviet, like M. Bulgakov, EP Petrov, IA Ilf, VP Kataev, M. Zoshchenko.

Kamuva, ngemva kokuthuthela Leningrad, wakhulula incwadi "Isimangaliso Eye", "abalimi Underwater", "Master of the World", kanye izindaba "Inventions uSolwazi Wagner," okuyinto ngentshiseko ukufunda zonke izakhamuzi zaseSoviet.

Izinsuku zokugcina ukuphila umbhali

Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Belyaev umndeni yahlala emaphethelweni edolobha kweLeningrad, emzini Pushkin, wayeseGibhithe umsebenzi. umzimba buthaka kabaze baba lakho ukuma indlala esesabekayo. Ngo-January 1942, Aleksandra Belyaeva esehambile. umbhali Native ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile babedingisiwe ePoland.

Kuze kube namuhla, ke kuseyimpicabadala lapho wangcwatshwa Belyaev Aleksandr, Biography iDemo ugcwele ukuzabalaza kwesintu njalo ukuphila. Noma kunjalo, behlonipha umbhali abanamakhono kwaba eliqoshiwe yesikhumbuzo Pushkin ngesikhathi Kazan emathuneni.

Roman Elithi "Ariyeli" kudalwa zakamuva Belyaeva, inyatheliswa "abalobi owayephila" ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.

"Ukuphila" ngemva kokufa

Kuye kwaba engaphezu kwengu-70 kusukela Russian wayengekho yesayensi, kodwa inkumbulo kuye uhlala emisebenzini yakhe kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngaleso sikhathi, Aleksandra Belyaeva lokusungula ngaphansi ukugxekwa okunzima, ngezinye izikhathi ezwa zokungichwensa. Nokho, umbono yesayensi ukuthi ngaphambili kwakubonakala ayinangqondo futhi ngokwesayensi kungenzeki, ekugcineni wathonyelwa ukuba ahoxise ngisho abagxeki lukhuni kakhulu.

nombhali umsebenzi, futhi namuhla bayaqhubeka ishicilelwe, abasakwazi e ngokufuna umfundi. Izincwadi Belyaeva ezifundisayo, imisebenzi yakhe shayela ngobuhle kanye isibindi, ngothando nangenhlonipho.

On izisusa amanoveli komlobi movie amaningi wathwebula. Ngakho, ngafaka esikrinini imidwebo eziyisishiyagalombili ngo-1961, ezinye zazo ayingxenye zabuna cinema KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - "Amphibian Man", "I Testament UProfesa Dowell," "Umkhumbi ophihlizekile Isiqhingi" futhi "Umthengisi emoyeni".

Umlando Ichthyander

Mhlawumbe umsebenzi edume kunazo AR Belyaeva kuyinto inoveli "Amphibian Man" eyabhalwa ngo-1927. Yilokho kanye "UProfesa Dowell sika Head" kuyancomeka le Gerbert Uells.

Ukudalwa "Amphibian Man" Belyaeva uyalwa, kuqala, inkumbulo wokufundwayo inoveli by umbhali French Zhana De la Ira "Iktaner futhi Moizetta", kanti okwesibili, isihloko kwiphephandaba mayelana ukudlula e-Argentina icala by icala udokotela, okuyinto eyenziwa ucwaningo ehlukahlukene abantu nezilwane. Kuze kube manje, setha igama iphephandaba futhi imininingwane yenqubo cishe kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke kufakazela waphinda ukuthi ngokudala isayensi yabo eqanjiwe, u-Alexander Belyaev wafuna ancike ukuphila kwangempela amaqiniso kanye nemicimbi.

Ngo-1962, abaqondisi kanye V.Chebotarev G.Kazansky wathwebula "I Amphibian Man".

"The Last Man kusukela Atlantis"

Kuye kwaqashelwa izincwadi kweSoviet futhi izwe, omunye wemisebenzi bokuqala umbhali - "The Last Man kusukela Atlantis". Ngo-1927 kwaba iqoqo umbhali wokuqala Belyaeva nge "Isiqhingi Umkhumbi ophihlizekile." Kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ku-1956 umsebenzi kwaba ukhohliwe, futhi kusukela ngo-1957 kuphela, liye zibhaliwe eSoviet Union.

Umqondo ekutholeni impucuko ezilahlekile Atlantis ovuthayo Belyaev ngemva kokufunda amanothi ephephandabeni French "Figaro". Okuqukethwe kwalo kwakusobala kangangokuthi Society for the Study of Atlantis babukhona nakwa-Paris. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lolu hlobo inhlangano ivamile impela, bajabulela nesithakazelo esikhulayo sabantu. Lokhu futhi wanquma ukuthatha ukhaliphile Alexander Belyaev. umlobi yesayensi wasebenzisa inothi njengoba isandulela "Indoda Kugcine kusukela Atlantis". Lo msebenzi uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezimbili, is ziqondakala umfundi ulula futhi kujabulise. Indaba for the lokubhala noveli ethathelwe encwadini Rozhe Devinya "Gone ne-mpumalanga yezwe. Atlantis, ingxenye yesithupha yabantu emhlabeni. "

Iziprofetho umlobi yesayensi

Efanisa izibikezelo abamele yesayensi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imibono yesayensi kweSoviet umbhali Aleksandra Belyaeva amabhuku ezalethwa ngamaphesenti angu 99.

Ngakho, umcondvo lobalulekile noveli "UProfesa Dowell sika Head" kwaba ithuba lokuvuselela umzimba womuntu ngemva kokufa. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa ngemva kwale ncwadi, uSergei Bryukhonenko - the physiologist omkhulu Soviet, ekhiqizwa Ekuhloleni okufanayo. zokufezekiswa imithi ezivamile namuhla - sokubuyiselwa kuhlinzwa lens iso - waphinde wabona embonweni Aleksandr Belyaev iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu edlule.

Le noveli "Amphibian Man" baba ongokwesiprofetho lesayensi nokuthuthuka sokuhlala abantu eside ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngakho, ngo-1943, usosayensi French Jacques Cousteau lobunikazi le Aqualung lokuqala, ngaleyo ndlela ebonisa ukuthi ukuthi Ichthyander - akusiyo isithombe lungafinyeleleki ngakho.

Kuphumelele test yokuqala ka unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni ku namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili e-United Kingdom, kanye ukudalwa izikhali psychotropic - kwaba zonke eziqanjiwe ezingokwesayensi echazwe encwadini "INkosi Kwezwe" ngo-1926.

Le noveli "Umuntu ilahlekelwe ubuso" utshela indaba ukuthuthukiswa yimpumelelo bokuhlinzwa kokulungisa futhi iphakame mayelana nalokhu izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha. Kulo mfanekiso, umbusi isimo siguqule ibe Negro, ukuthatha bonke ubunzima yobandlululo. Lapha singathola okunye ukufana okukhona isiphetho hero wathi umculi odumile American uMichael Jackson, zibalekela woshushiso engenabulungisa, wenza inani elikhulu imisebenzi ukushintsha umbala.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe okudala Belyaev enalesi sifo. namandla omzimba kunjani bancishwa, wazama umvuzo amaqhawe amabhuku onekhono engavamile: ukuxhumana ngaphandle amazwi, Zindiza njengokhozi izinyoni, ukubhukuda ungcono izinhlanzi. Kodwa ukugula inzalo umfundi empilweni, into entsha - akuyona lena ithalenta umbhali kweqiniso?