Kobylianska umbhali Olga Yulianovna: Biography, nobuciko kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Olga Yulianovna Kobylianska (1863-1942) - umbhali Ukraine, owaziwayo, owachitha ukuphila kwakhe umzabalazo ukulingana phakathi kwabesifazane amadoda; ilungu we-Union of Soviet Abalobi.

Ebuntwaneni e Gura Humorului e Suceava

Olga Kobylianska (1863-1942 GG.) Wazalelwa ngoNovemba 27 edolobheni Gura Humorului esifundeni ZaseCarpathos (manje ziphethwe yidolobhakazi yeRomania) futhi waphila iminyaka cishe engu-80 ka impilo ende futhi engenakulibaleka. Ukuze uthole olunye Olga wachitha esengumntwana nabafowethu nodadewethu owayethanda wakhe (yena ingane yazalwa wesine emkhayeni). Lwaqala ukuphila kwalo e Gura Humorului, bese ngesikhathi lesi sikhalazo esiphuthumayo likayise, umkhaya wathuthela emzini Suceava, lapho eduze Kobylyansky behlala imbongi Ukrainian UNikolai Ustiyanovich. Maduze, umbhali esizayo uthola edolobheni elisha intombi entsha - namesake wakhe nomakhelwane efanayo Ustiyanovicha indodakazi yakhe Olga. Edolobheni elifanayo Julian Kobylyansky lwezimpahla kubaluleke kakhulu ekufundiseni izingane zawo, wanika amadodana encane esikoleni. Ndawonye nabazalwane abadala kunami futhi Olga waqala kancane kancane ejwayele enqubweni yokufunda yonke.

Ebuntwaneni e Kimpolunge

Ngemva Suceava Kobylyansky iyiswe engadini-dolobha, kodwa abazange bahlale khona - umndeni kayise kube nokuhlasela, ngemva kwalokho udokotela wendawo wanquma ukuthi ukwelapha isiguli nje idinga ezinye opholile wasentabeni. Eceleni uyise Olga wayengumuntu njalo Kobylianska. Biography umbhali esizayo ke uyaqhubeka e Kimpolung lapho wonke umndeni ngaphoqeka ukuba ngo-1869, futhi lapho bayohlala kuwo emva kweminyaka eyishumi nane. Lokho kusekhona intombazanyana iminyaka emine, wathola iziqu esikoleni esincane German. Ekuqaleni, ukuqeqeshwa wanikezwa nzima ngoba German sasiwulimi omusha Olga abasha, kodwa akazange avumele lutho ukuba kwenziwe - eNingizimu eBukovina kuleyo minyaka-German sasiwulimi olusemthethweni, ngoba lwezifundo ezikoleni kakhulu uqhutshwa kuso.

umndeni

Noma yimuphi umlobi ongamtshela eziningi ngokusebenzisa kwimithombo ehlukahlukene, futhi lokhu umbhali kuyinto eyenzeka ezithakazelisayo kusukela biography. Olga Kobylianska wayengenye yezingane eziyisikhombisa emndenini wakhe. Namuhla Kunzima ukucabanga - indlela umzamo omkhulu kwadingeka achithe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingane usekhulile uliqhawe esikhathini esizayo. Abazali yomlobi esizayo, futhi ngempela kusukela ekuqaleni Kwakungelula, ngokukhethekile, kuyafaneleka isiphetho esindayo Yuliana Kobylyanskogo okuyinto cishe ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni kwesokunxele uyintandane. uyise Olga, naphezu kwesimo esinzima, uzama kanzima ukuze uthole imfundo bebodwa, abahola kuye izifundo wanika elishibhile endaweni izingane. Ngenxa yemizamo yabo ngokushesha wathola indawo Kobylyansky ikontraga nosayitsheni, futhi ngemva kwalokhu kwalandelwa ukukhuthazwa - wamiswa mandatorom. Nokho, afise ukuba kwenziwe ubulungisa we amadoda kudlalwa iqhinga kuye: aphikisanayo Umninindawo esihle kokubhekela, yena ngokwakhe wasayina isinqumo. Futhi namanje angizange adikile ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ukwenze imisebenti lenesitfunti egcekeni.

Mayelana umama Olga Kobylyanskaya ukwazi kancane kakhulu kunalokho kuBaba. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi lalinguMilka, indodakazi ka nabasePoland ababedingisiwe. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le umama womlobi esizayo wasebenza njengoba umphathi emndenini umpristi ocebile.

Njengoba ubaba nomama Kobylyanskaya babe abantu abathembekile futhi kuwusizo, bonke kumelwe aphathwe ngenhlonipho, bafuna iseluleko futhi uzilalele. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, esiqinile ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi fair, unina waba owesifazane esithambile futhi esizwelayo oye wakwazi ukuletha eziyisikhombisa zabantu ehloniphekile futhi uvule indlela yabo yokuphila.

ukuqashelwa kokuqala uqobo

Naphezu nokutadisha okunzulu of ulimi Austro-Hungarian Empire, waqala ukutadisha Kobylianska nolimi Ukrainian, esanikwa isikhulu nzima German. Wathatha izifundo kumfundisi wendawo ku Protsyukevich umndeni, owafundisa esikoleni esifanayo, lapho Olga wafunda.

Ukuba intombazane enhle ayikwazanga inkululeko abathanda nangokomzwelo enhliziyweni, ungabi nomuzwa kulezi zincwadi, ngacela wayehlale ebheka ithuba ukuxosha imicabango yabo nemizwa. Futhi umkhaya wakhe kusukela abazali imbeleko ukuzigxilisa ezinganeni nenhlonipho nothando izwi kanye nomsebenzi wabantu. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi neminyaka engaba ukuqeqeshwa Kimpolunge Olga ngiphindelela izincwadi eziningi: uhlu ayehlanganisa kokubili Goethe futhi Schiller, ngisho Byron.

Biography Kobylyanskoy Olgi Yulianovny unikeza umfundi umqondo esicacile salokho zilandelwe kwaqinisa intombazane ukuqalekela kwezobuciko art etemibhalo. Kakade eneminyaka engu nane engazama ibutho lakhe asankondlo umugqa wokuqala imilolotelo.

Imisebenzi ekuseni

Young Kobylianska Olga wabhala izinkondlo zakhe kuqala ngaphansi ezithakazelisayo nokuzindla okushiwo ukungabi nalwazi zezingane ngokuthi "Hortensius, noma indaba emfushane ka ukuphila kwentombazanyana." Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa elulwimini German futhi akakuvumeli yimiphi abangane noma nengangibajwayele Kobylyanskaya. Singabi nay lokuqala ukwehluleka Olga empilweni yami ngeke aphinde akhumbule imizamo yabo yokuqala at lokubhala.

Kodwa lokhu ngeke ayeke - wafika ukukhanyisa izinkondlo ezimbalwa: "A indaba emfushane ka ukuphila kazwelonke eBukovina," "Man of the People", njll Kodwa yonke le misebenzi babe eyayivela, siphakamise izici ezithile futhi angafuni ukuba kuqoqwe .. ku isithombe esiphelele imicabango kanye isimo esingokomzwelo umlobi.

Ukwakheka njengendlela umlobi Olga Kobylyanskaya

Iphuzu elibalulekile e isiphetho Olgi Kobylyanskoy ngajwayelana Nataley Kobrinskoy, zaziwa ngaleso umbhali isikhathi Ukraine. Kakhulu Kobylyanskaya ngokulambisa nesishiyagalombili, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbele wakhe ukuba kwezinyawo zakhe futhi Gait unethemba ukulandela indlela ngalo wathumela abazali bokuqala, futhi manje lo mqeqeshi kumuntu umbhali omkhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ekuphileni kwakhe konke eshintsha kakhulu Olga. Ngaphambi ivula izwe elihluke - ezweni lapho angatfola ekugcineni baveze abakucabangayo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukugconwa.

Kobrin Kobylyansky lisisiza nge lokusungula Ukrainian - ngokuhamba amabhuku Ukrainian nama-legends. Ngokuhaha singagwinyi wonke amazwi Kobylianska uyaqaphela ukuthi usethole indawo yakhe ekuphileni. abangane abaningi nezihlobo bavuma bayokujabulela ukukusiza Olga ekuhloleni isiko Ukraine. Maduze Kobylianska Olga iqala ukuba athuthuke ngokushesha emkhakheni etemibhalo. Ngemva kubhala indzaba ngesiJalimane "Yena kokutjhada kwami," kamuva elaba isisekelo noveli "Umuntu", ukukhanya sengathi edume kunazo umbhali Ukraine Kobylyanskaya Olga.

Ukuphila Czernowitz

Ngo-1891, ngenxa yezizathu umndeni nomndeni Kobylyansky lonke kuhanjiswe ku Chernivtsi. Lesi sikhathi zastaot Olga ngokugcwele yokuqhuma abalobi amabutho - uyabuthanda nxazonke, isifuna ukwakha futhi alethe ingxenye kuleli zwe. Kulomuzi, manje ungafunda ngokugcwele isiko Ukrainian, kuna,, kanyekanye ekuthuthukiseni nye of bo sebenza.

Ngo-1894, e "Dawn" umagazini onyatheliswa ngowokuqala Ukrainian Kobylyanskaya indaba "Umuntu." Illumined imisebe egqamile umbhali impumelelo ngisho nzima ukusebenza, ukwenza izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene, kuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo kuzo zonke izenzakalo etemibhalo.

Indaba okuthiwa "Inkosazana" laqedwa 1895. Kwaba ngemva kwalokhu umsebenzi Kobylianska Olga Yulianovna iwine nenhlonipho okuvela kumbhali lodumo Ivana Franko.

Ngo 1898, umlobi kuziwa edolobheni. Lapha biography Kobylyanskaya Olga Yulianovna kuvuselela umcimbi omusha abalulekile - yena uhlangene Ivan Franko, abopha phakathi kwazo ubungane obuqinile. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, Ivan Franko, njengoba onegunya kunalokho bahlonipha ngesikhathi umlobi uye bavuma obala ithalente Olga Kobylyanskaya.

Ujwayele Lesya Ukrainka (Larisa Kosach)

Bambalwa abantu Umuntu ongaziwa eyodwa ngaphezulu, kodwa umbhali elikhazimulayo ngaphezulu ngaphansi mbumbulu Lesya Ukrainka. amaningi kakhulu babe amahemuhemu zamanje kanye izimfihlakalo azungeze igama laba ababili besifazane, abavikeli ezimbili oshisekayo amalungelo abesifazane, amantombazane amabili, efanayo kakhulu emoyeni. Ngo-1899, ngokusebenzisa umngane mutual M. Pavlik kwaba bajwayelene ikusasa abangane ababili nolimi. Ngo-1899 Les axazulula lokuqala abhalele Olga, kusukela ukuthi incwadi yokuqala kaJohane, futhi iqala izincwadi eyayiphakathi kwabesifazane ababili iyohola kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Amazing ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo: kokubili injabulo enkulu ukuxhumana izincwadi, umculo, izincwadi, ukuxoxa nokwabelana imicabango yabo, izinkinga zabo. Lesya Ukrainka njalo abatshazwe ingeyamakhosi umqondo nesibindi imisebenzi Kobylyanskaya kanye nezinye ephendula ezikhulekelwa izinkondlo intombi yakhe. Kuyo ubungane base ngokwethembeka futhi eziwusizo kwabanye, omunye ngamunye wayevame enye futhi nje zikhathi zazibuhlungu hhayi ngaphandle umcabango intombi yakhe. Olga wavakashela Green Grove Lesia, nesokugcina ukuze ngenyanga ukuhlala ekhaya Kobylyanskaya abazali kweziNtaba ZaseCarpathos.

Kuyinto ngenxa Lesia Ukrainka ku Kobylyansky okuvelayo wenza imisebenzi zabuna Russian kwenkathi - UTolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, njll ...

A umsekeli yabesifazane

Ukuzizwa ingcindezi ongaziwa nokuvinjelwa elengayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, Kobylianska Olga isinqumo ngazo zonke izindlela ukulwa kwamalungelo abesifazane ekuphileni ezenhlalo nezamasiko. Umlobi umlilo kangaka waphula ukulwela ukuba nenkani ukuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba omunye initiators we "Abesifazane Russian eBukovina".

Ngo eziningi imisebenzi yakhe, isibonelo, kule "Inkosazana" noma inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Umuntu" Olga Kobylianska ibonisa ngokucacile namaqhawekazi yokusesha motif - ukuthola uthando, injongo yokuphila futhi Yiqiniso, injabulo zabesifazane. Njalo uhlamvu zesifazane umbhali has a uhlamvu nginenhliziyo uqine, lapho ngamunye la "incwadi" Abesifazane eqinile ekugcineni uthola wakhe. Okunjalo kwakuyisici umdali wabo.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngemva 1912 ukuphila liphenduka umugqa elimnyama Olga Kobylyanskaya. One by one uyafa abangane bakhe abaseduze: Ivan Franko, ngisho Kotsjubinsky Lesya Ukrainka. Izwe iqala impi, futhi ngalolo phansi nomhlabathi usizi esindayo Olga waqala ukuloba izindaba anti-impi, okungenani zama ukubuyela ezweni elimnyama ugongolo ukukhanya. Njengoba kukhona "Dream", "uJuda", nabanye.

Phakathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ikhubazeke kanti lapho esekhulile Olga Kobylyansky uhlelo ukuletha kuphunywe kusukela Chernivtsi, lapho ayehlala khona imphilo yakhe, kodwa akusebenzi, futhi umbhali ngeshwa ekuthunjweni amaJalimane angasiboni. Yena wayemiselwe ukuba zingena ngaphansi, inkantolo engavuni futhi kube ngokuhlazisayo wabulawa, kodwa futhi kuba umlingisi nginenhliziyo ikufakazele ukuthi ukwazi ukushintsha futhi ukwenze, uma efuna, wonke simo imicimbi. Mashi 21, 1942 afe. Kumemori yembhali Museum wakhe edolobheni langakini Yakhiwa, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku ligcwele abantu, ukuze bonke wakhumbula nentokazi enhle owayeneminyaka Olga Kobylianska. Biography omlobi kuphetha kuleli dolobha - wangcwatshwa yayo Chernivtsi - yindawo lapho yena wayemiselwe ukuba uqale indlela yakho umlobi kakhulu futhi ngokwanele awuqede.