Zingomiswa - kuyini? Lapho umuhlwa uphile futhi lokho akudlayo?

"Heroes" of indaba yethu - nomuhlwa. Kuyini lokhu? Kuyini endaweni yazo? Yini abakudlayo?

Zingomiswa - ke izintuthwane?

Lezi zinambuzane, nibonakala efana izintuthwane, kodwa labo abangekho nekucondza womuntu ezibhekwa isishayo esabekayo. Kusukela izenzo okuthiwa "izintuthwane elimhlophe", ukuba nobuhlobo langempela nge amaphela, omunye push zihlakazeke izihlahla anamandla, wabhubhisa izakhiwo ngokhuni ... Kodwa futhi, bayindlu usongo ngempela empilweni yomuntu. Imibuzo mayelana endaweni yemvelo siphile umuhlwa, kuyini, kuyini mode kwabo khona, izici kwendawo kuthiwa isihloko zezinambuzane ucwaningo. Zonke lezi zihloko zichazwe tinhlelo eziningi amaphuzu avelele izinhlelo ngokwesayensi. Okunjalo ushevu isinambuzane ubuthi anamandla kakhulu ukubhekana nawo akha inkonzo ekhethekile, kodwa izinyathelo ezithathwe nganoma iyiphi indlela inciphe umonakalo obangelwa kubo.

Endaweni yemvelo siphile umuhlwa?

Owakhiwe umuhlwa? Isibalo zinhlobo emhlabeni isondela ayizinkulungwane ezintathu, iningi labo hlala ezweni esishintshashintshayo nakwezifudumele futhi ezishisayo. Ensimini ka Russia imelelwa zinhlobo ezimbili kuphela, nokuthi basuke zitholiwe eduze Vladivostok futhi Sochi.

Ukuhlala la izinambuzane mullions omkhulu amaqembu ngokuthi amakoloni; ngamunye kubo kukhona ocacile ku castes: ngamunye usebenza (iningi), amasosha, indlovukazi yinkosi. Umbala we umzimba umuhlwa omdala kuhluka olumhlophe ephuzi ukuze black ngombala.

Incazelo lombhalo zokusebenza

kanjani umuhlwa? Ukusebenza abantu abonakala kalula emzuliswaneni ikhanda kanye nosayizi esincane: ubude obuphakathi nendawo esifubeni sabo - ukukhanya esithambile (ngenxa yokuba yisakhamuzi ngokugcwele ezindaweni zokukhosela ayegcwele amanzi umusi) - ngaphansi kuka-1 isentimitha. umuhlwa Afrika, ngokuvamile ingene out phezu, elinesimo umzimba konsundu. yokuphila Underground ongemuhle izitho abantu abasebenza: bayizimpumputhe noma ukubona kancane kakhulu.

Uma izintuthwane ukusebenza besifazane kuphela imvelo ukusebenza, umuhlwa babe zabo bobubili ubulili. Umkhankaso wabo - ukuba imigudu ukumba, ukwakhiwa ngesiduli, ukulungiswa, ukuthola nasekusindiseni ukudla, anakekele inzalo. Futhi ukusebenza umuhlwa ukondla amasosha abangakwazi udle ngenxa isakhiwo ethile capsule ikhanda.

amasosha iziduli

Amabutho - ukhonkolo esilandelayo, futhi usebenza, kodwa senze neminye imisebenzi eminingana, futhi ngenxa isakhiwo ezahlukene. Amasosha umuhlwa, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle kuhlukile kancane kusukela lombhalo zokusebenza, ukuvikela koloni ezitheni zangaphandle sihlome mandibles enamandla eside (emihlathini). Ezinye izinhlobo zawo ezishisayo amasosha somuhlwa ngaphezu abe neseleko encane ekhanda, ngokusebenzisa okuyinto injected ingcina ekhethekile isitha, bome lapho zihlatshwa emoyeni futhi fettering ukunyakaza kwakhe. Amasosha enkulu ekhanda capsule (iba nsundu ngokubomvu, omnyama, ukukhanya yellow noma orange), wenza inqubo nokuvinjelwa Imigudu emincane njengoba uhlobo ipulaki, akudingeki izimpiko, futhi bayizimpumputhe. Umuhlwa ezincane kunazo zonke (lezi zinhlobo zitholakala eNingizimu neMelika) e lemali safinyelela 2.5 mm kuphela; kwekulu zihlanganisa izinambuzane Mexico futhi Arizona - 22 mm ubude. Uma kukhona ezicekeleké ngesiduli phezu izindimbane Ukuvikelwa isenzo amasosha, uzama ukubamba okuhlaselayo isitha kuze kube seqophelweni kuze abasebenzi umuhlwa ukulungisa ekhaya lakho. Kulokhu, amasosha bazithola sibhajwe ngokwabo futhi akudingeki ithuba aphume kulo.

Inkosi neNdlovukazi

"Inhloko" abantu abavuthiwe kuyinto amaqanda-laying zesifazane (indlovukazi) kanye neNkosi - wesilisa, efaka umquba futhi lonke izinambuzane zokuzala. Uma uqhathaniswa nezinye umuhlwa indlovukazi nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu futhi ingafinyelela 10 amasentimitha ubude. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda inzalo owesifazane ngesikhathi sokudlala luyanda izikhathi ezingamakhulu amaningana, okwenza izazi lungakwazi ukuhambisa ngokuzimela futhi badle, futhi liba abasebenzi bokunakekela bewathwele yiso.

Queen uhlala phakathi kwesigaba ekhethekile phakathi ngesiduli ndawonye nenkosi yabo abangekho eceleni kwakhe kukho konke ukuphila. Ngobukhulu ke inkudlwana kuka nesosha somuhlwa futhi unelungelo okukhethekile sokukhwelana nge zesifazane. Emva kokukhulelwa, owesilisa ngokungafani izintuthwane nabo, akafi.

Queen zesifazane sivundile kakhulu futhi kungaba sibekele amaqanda 3000 ngosuku. Irekhodi ngoba bamba kubhekwa zinhlobo Indo-Malayan, abanikeze yesibili neqanda; okulingana digital - izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-80 000 ngosuku. Sonke lesi sikhathi ku esiswini kowesifazane lwabelwe ekhethekile equkethe ukuhogela i-pheromone ikhemikhali kudliwa umuhlwa ubumnandi ukusebenza. Isikhathi se-indlovukazi selineminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, futhi yonke le minyaka, owesilisa nokubambelela zesifazane nezinye zibonise ukwethembeka ngamunye. Phakathi khona yebhangqa ukukhanya livela abantu abayizigidi eziningana inzalo abasebasha.

Izici ukuziphatha abasha

Isizukulwane abasebasha entabeni "abazali" somuhlwa ukuphila ngokuvumelana ngesikhathi esithile futhi ukushiya "endlini kayise" ngesikhathi eziswebezelayo (kwentwasahlobo - Ekuqaleni kwehlobo) sokuqala mate. Ngalesi sikhathi, baba basengozini kakhulu, ngoba emva kokukhulelwa, iduna nensikazi anqunywe kwamaphiko akhe. Abaningi umuhlwa abasha izisulu ezilula izicabucabu, centipedes, izinyoni-edla. Lucky abasindile siqale ukudala isidleke. ikhefu Apiary akukhona konke: a ngazimbili ezimbalwa ahlale phezu uma nabesifazane kungenzeka ukufa okwenzeka njalo.

Apiary - isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Njengoba kubonakala kahle igama ngokwayo, ndunduma - "indlu" abahlala kuwo nomuhlwa. Kuyini, yini izici esivela izakhiwo ezinjalo futhi yiziphi imithetho khona kuwo "umphakathi"? Emva kokuzalwa inombolo ezanele abantu zokusebenza esidlule baqale ukwakha yisiphephelo entsha ephephile esikhathini esizayo wekoloni, indawo lapho kunqunywa umbhangqwana osemusha. Ngokumangalisayo, usayizi izinambuzane intuthwane ithi i ikhono amazing ukwakha "izingidi 'omkhulu eyinkimbinkimbi amavesi yangaphakathi Maze, ephakeme ngaphezu kwamanzi inhlabathi engaphezu kuka 8 amamitha. Rekhoda igquma elikhulu elithi, ukuphakama okuyinto 12.8 amamitha ngaphezu komhlabathi, sabhalwa ngo Zaire. Emthunzini izakhiwo ezinjalo - eziqine kwezakhiwo ayakhiwe hhayi indoda - owayecashele okuhangulayo nelanga Buffaloes, izindlovu nezinye izilwane ezinkulu. Ngesimo somuhlwa izindunduma nhlobonhlobo: ezinye zifane ababhishobhi, nabanye nendawo ngamakhasimende ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, okuyiwona wathola igama "kazibuthe". Leli lungiselelo kunomthelela Ukungena sakugcina ku emisebeni yelanga kanye kumiswa njalo microclimate umswakama lokushisa.

Isakhiwo ngesiduli

Iziduli kuhlanganisa ingxenye umhlaba (okuyinto endaweni ephakeme) futhi engaphansi ehlanganisa inethiwekhi eziningi oyinkimbinkimbi imihubhe amakamelo encane. Material yokwakha kuyinto ukubunjwa abasebenzi somuhlwa indle, ngamathe zabo, yizinkuni, izindwani ezomile utshani nobumba. Yakhelwe kwezakhiwo Izingxube enjalo ebonakala ukuqina okusezingeni eliphezulu nezindonga amanzi. Umbala indunduma ngokuvamile oluhambisana umbala enhlabathini bese boni izilwane eziphila, ihlangana ne ezungezile. Engxenyeni eliwumhlaba isakhiwo uvame ibekwe amakhamera nge izibungu, amaqanda, "mushroom izingadi" futhi grid enkulu ukupholisa imihubhe. Kukhona ungakwazi bagcine ipulazi encane nge thermophiles - izilwane secrete izinto ezikhethekile ubumnandi ikhotha nomuhlwa. Ngakho Symbiosis kwenzeka therebetween, lapho ehlangothini lwesibili - thermophiles (isibonelo elikhanyayo - fly termitokseniya) - ithola ocebile wokudla kanye microclimate evumayo.

izindunduma Indawo

Ezimweni ezishisayo (umswakama high nasemvuleni njalo) ngokuvamile izindunduma somuhlwa ezibekwe okusezingeni eliphezulu emithini; wakha isidleke amagatsha enamathiselwe ngakho ngokuqinile ukuthi ungakwazi ukumelana neziphepho ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuze sifinyelele tyazhelodostupnogo umuhlwa yokuhlala, kufanele wabona off igatsha. Amanye amalungu infraorder akha zemithi, ukushwabana kudlulela kakhulu izimpande uhamba. Ezindaweni ezinesomiso (isibonelo, i-Central Asia) umuhlwa izindunduma zitholakala ezijulile ngaphanzi komhlaba, futhi phezu kobuso azikho izimpawu eziyisixwayiso yobukhona babo kule ndawo.

Ukuphakelwa oku umuhlwa

Nokudla Okunempilo Kwabo umuhlwa kukhona izakhi ikakhulu Lokudabuka yemifino, isibonelo izinkuni ezomile, okuyinto kungenxa ukugaya flagellates - eziphilayo eliphilayo elilula emathunjini. By the way, esiswini namathumbu somuhlwa uhlala mayelana 200 zama-lenyama, mass ingqikithi okuyinto izikhathi 1/3 isisindo isinambuzane. Basuke kusetshenzwe sibe ushukela kalula digestible ukhuni engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo.

Bakwazi ukuzondla ngabanye kuphela ukusebenza, banalo ukudla kwekhethelo kwezinye izingqimba lombhalo. La masosha, ngenxa engasimeme mandibles ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuthuthukisa enganele nezinye izingxenye zomlomo, asikwazanga ukuhlafuna ukudla bebodwa, kodwa ngoba ocebile ezidla abasebenzi izakhi indle noma uketshezi okomlomo, nakho kudle inkosi nendlovukazi. Izibungu, umuhlwa udle ngamathe abadala ezinhlamvu sikhuntile isikhunta. izinsalela ezahlukene samanje enhlabathini - kubola, umquba, amahlamvu, ngesikhumba sesilwane - sidliwe abasebenzi, kodwa ukudla nje akuyona wakwamukela futhi indle gumusoyadnyh abantu bese usebenzisa enye somuhlwa isisebenzi noma amasosha. Ngakho, enye futhi ukudla okufanayo sihamba ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge amathumbu lize wafunda. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny, ngasendleleni, yibo bodwa ababekwazi babe umoya zomculo yomculo "didgeridoo", eyenziwe amagatsha zikagamthilini, umnyombo okuyinto kudliwa umuhlwa.

Indima umuhlwa ngokwemvelo

Futhi kungani sidinga umuhlwa? Kuyini futhi iyiphi indima abayidlalayo kuleli imvelo? Emvelweni, lezi zinambuzane umsebenzi njengoba izilimi yemifino izinsalela; futhi ngokusebenzisa kwabo akhiwa futhi ibangele elingenhla inhlabathi izingqimba. Kusolwa ukuthi ikhishwe lezi zinambuzane ngokuhamba nemisebenzi yabo, i-methane ehilelekile jikelele Isivuvu igesi. Zingomiswa e biomass yabo Imininingwane ifaniswe ne yonke biomass yezilwane ezinomgogodla eliwumhlaba.

Zingomiswa ngokumelene indoda

Kumuntu, ngeshwa, akusho ubungane nomuhlwa. Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu kuba izinambuzane eziyingozi ukuthi okudiliza izakhiwo sokhuni: bona badla ifenisha, iphansi, izincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia ngenxa umuhlwa ngezinye izikhathi une ukuba bathuthele kwelinye indawo emadolobheni amancane namakhulu. ukuhlaselwa yabo nolaka kwaholela ekuweni izakhiwo. Kanye nemisundu eminingi nezintuthwane umuhlwa ukudlala indima ebalulekile nokusakazwa inhlabathi impahla; nezinyoni ezinamaphiko zokondla izinombolo ezinkulu ezidla.

Ukuze sithole khona kwalezi izinambuzane kunzima ngempela. umuhlwa Domestic umsebenzi phakathi, kusale abephule udonga lwangaphandle. Abazi ngisho shun imali: ngo-2008 usomabhizinisi wathola uthuli kusukela izibambiso and imali idiphozi ukuphepha kwakhe ebhokisini.

Kuyamangalisa, kodwa umuhlwa ungomunye isinambuzane ethandwa kakhulu ekuphekeni ngenxa okuqukethwe high amaprotheni. AmaNdiya Amazon balungiselelwe izoso, losiwe juice ayo noma yashaywa ukulungiselela isithokelo. E-Nigeria, ngisho ithengiswe thermite bouillon cubes.