Zikasawoti ugleammoniynye: incazelo, ukwakheka, ububanzi

Cishe asikho umkhakha ukukhiqizwa ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izinto amakhemikhali asebenzayo. Izithasiselo asetshenziswa kwezolimo, umkhakha ukudla, ngesikhathi ukushuka, ekwakheni nakowezenhlalo eziningi izenzo zabantu. Phakathi kwabo bonke labo wabo ibekwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile ugleammoniynye nosawoti, wonkhe.

Ugleammoniynaya usawoti

Ugleammoniynaya usawoti - kwakwakhe wezinto ezingaphili simhlophe, kalula oncibilikayo emanzini, ingumkhiqizo ukusabela carbonic acid ammonium nosawoti.

Okunamandla izidakamizwa ngaphandle ukubola ngokushesha ukukhulula esiningi ammonia ne-carbon dioxide, bese shabalala. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo zamakhemikhali:

1. Salt ugleammoniynye yohlobo B, okuyinto ngenkuthalo obusetshenziswa embonini steel ngesikhathi okumba uranium-ore ukuze inqubo flotation, le neutralization of-chrome lesikhumba kanye nemikhiqizo Umbala.
2. Zikasawoti brand A, esetshenziselwa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo organic, Kuhlanganisa amakhemikhali.

Zonke izinhlobo zamakhemikhali akuzona oncibilikayo ethanol futhi acetone. izinto Elungisiwe Ukuqalwa ukusabela redox phakathi ammonium nosawoti kanye carbonic acid.

amakhemikhali ukwakheka

Ngokuhambisana amazinga kahulumeni, nosawoti ugleammoniynye kufanele esekelwe izidakamizwa ezomile okungenani 99% ammonium Bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate - akukho kuka 1%, namanzi lesibopho ezingeni yamangqamuzana akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-3%.

I ngqo amakhemikhali ukwakheka izibalo ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu isicelo crystal-izidakamizwa. Ngakho, ukuze umkhakha ukudla ukwakheka kumele okungenani ibe izinhlamvu 20,9% NH _3. ingxenyenamba Mass nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali akuvunyelwe ezilungisiwe uhlaka kanye akumele kweqe izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• izinsimbi ezisindayo - 5 * 10 ^-4;
• Arsenic - 1 x 10 ^-4;
• valent yensimbi kanye compounds yayo - 1 * 10 ^-3;
• chlorine ne chloride - 1 * 10 ^-3;
• amanzi compounds zingaxazululeki - 5 * 10 ^-3.

Lezi zinkomba kuchazwa TU U 6-04687873.025-95 chemical ifomula - NH ₄ HCO _3.

nemingcele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali

Ugleammoniynye nosawoti babe nemingcele ukunquma indlela nempahla yabo ethile:

• luhlaza crystal impahla kungenziwa emelelwa emhlophe, pink noma mpunga tint;
• the ingxenyenamba mass ammonia ngoba Iqembu kufanele ukuhlangabezana 21% i-B ebangeni - 20,7%;
• ibhalansi mass ngemuva calcination kufanele kube hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 0,008% ohlotsheni A, futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka 0.02 ngokuba B. zinhlobo

Kuphela kwangathi into elihambisana lezi nemingcele lingachazwa ngokuthi ugleammoniynaya usawoti. GOST 9325-79 usungula la malungiselelo, kanye ulawula imithetho ukukhiqizwa, ezokuthutha kanye isitoreji, izinyathelo kanye nokuphepha.

Ububanzi

Usawoti kakhulu kabanzi ugleammoniynaya etholwe endaweni yokudla kanye nezolimo. Ngo esifundeni okokuqala isetshenziswa ezishaya E503 izithasiselo ngokuvamile ubuyisela yokudla okunempilo imvubelo kanye ammonium carbonate ukudla. Ukuze usebenzise izidakamizwa siphela emanzini at 20 ^{° C} no-ngenhla, bese ungeze ku ingxube ifomula nje kokuba ufulawa kwezulu.

nemingcele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali ugleammoniynoy usawoti uvumele ukusebenzisa kwayo njengoba umquba. Kwethulwa izidakamizwa zinhlayiya sifinyelele ukwehlisa noma ephelele kokusebenza inqubo ekuqongeleleni nitrites enhlabathini, okuyinto ngokunenzuzo kuthinta inani kwezitshalo nokuvuthwa, futhi:

1. Nothile Kuveza kukhuphuke ngo 15-45%.
2. Esigabeni sokuqala fruiting izitshalo baletha by isonto elilodwa noma amabili.
3. Kunciphisa isidingo umhlabathi phosphorus fertilizer.
4. Akhuthaza ukwakheka of humus.

Ezweni lethu, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma umquba ku usawoti ngesisekelo ugleammoniynoy eligxile usomabhizinisi yasekhaya, kungani intengo imikhiqizo kuyinto ephansi kakhulu kunalokho izindleko angaphandle analogue.

izinyathelo zokuqapha

Ugleammoniynye nosawoti ubheke isigaba 4 ingozi. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo yabo iqukethe ezimbili yingozi empilweni yomuntu - ammonia ne-carbon dioxide. I element sokuqala enobuthi kakhulu lapho imuncwe izimbangela ukucasuka. Uma ushevu kuthinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, kukhona ikhanda, amehlo zamanzi, amajaqamba nezinye izimpawu.

Carbon dioxide kunomphumela kwelashwa futhi soporific. Inqwaba kungasimamisi isikhungo zokuphefumula, okubangela choking futhi kungabangela ukufa kusuka yokushodelwa umoya.

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa usawoti ugleammoniynye kungenzeka kuphela izingubo ezikhethekile, ukuphepha izibuko, amagilavu, amelana alkalis, buso. Ngemva imithetho inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, engcono eshaweni efudumele ukusebenza.