Zabalingiswa esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon. Frensis Bekon: A Biography

Othile zabalingiswa esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon kuhlotshaniswa 'ukopha "imidwebo Edvarda Munka. Abanye, ukubukela yinqaba izithombe zemidlalo uwakhumbula ngokushesha obukhulu kuzo uDali nezinye surrealists. Ekugcineni, ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi ngomculi British nge Amathrendi ezithile zendlela yokubhala azibalulekile ngakho, kuyothiwa wahlanganyela (noma kakade do) art. Isibukeli sikulungele nesimo esihlukile - ukucabanga zabalingiswa esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon futhi wabelane umuzwa "isihogo, wehla emhlabeni."

Ebuntwaneni ekudingisweni

Eminyakeni yokuqala umculi ngesineke i izenzakalo ezithusayo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ngenxa umkhaya wakhe kwadingeka ashiye Ireland bese uya London. Nokho, ngo-1918, alethwe esintwini gidi ukukhathazeka Francis asikapheli. Ukuze umculi yaseshashalazini ikusasa impi uthuthwa endlini yakhe, futhi kwaba abaphikisi eyinhloko uyise engumashiqela. Ngolunye usuku wathola umfana Iminako yezinto ezimbalwa piquant: uzama izingubo zabesifazane. Ubaba akazange ukwamukela ubungqingili indodana bayiphonsa yendlu. Unyaka wonke Bacon oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, kwadingeka ungenza underworking okungahleliwe nemali ukuthi uyophonsa unina. Khona-ke umzali onzima uye indawo intukuthelo sa, futhi wathumela Francis ku uhambo nomngane oseduze umndeni. Lapho, leyo nsizwa yaba abathandi ...

isitayela Hunt

Ngo-1927, insizwa ethile osezithola eParis, lapho yengamela Picasso mbukiso, futhi ngokuqinile uzinqumela yena, uFrancis Bacon - umculi ogama imidwebo wake badunyiswa ngokunikwa inkazimulo enjengeyendodana. Le nsizwa yahlatshwa umxhwele ubuciko yesimanje nje kuphela kodwa futhi classic. "Ekilasini we abangenacala" yashaywa umculi Poussin imizwelo yakhe, kwakubonakala kuye wathi lo mdwebo - omunye ukukhala elikhulu.

Isitatimende lokugcina ejwayelekile kakhulu expressionists. Lapho ubheka ikusasa, sithi Bekon Frensis (isithombe kanye Biography of the umculi kuqinisekisa lokhu) wabe ukuqonda kwabo emhlabeni njengoba imvelo ngesihluku lapho abantu zintekenteke kakhulu futhi bangajabuli. Umsebenzi lo engela uphendulela ukukhalela umuzwa ontological yesizungu.

Emuva e-London, Bacon amakhosi umsebenzi onekhono ingaphakathi. Lwenza tapestries, ifenisha yatha- nomphakathi, ngeke kusho ngokungananazi mayelana imisebenzi yobuciko. Ngo-1933, omunye mikhiqizo yakhiwe of Bacon ahlonishwe seduze Picasso (encwadini nomcwaningi abadumile Herbert Funda). Lokhu kancane ngename umculi, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Ihlelwe kuye ngo-1934, ukuchayeka ayibangelwa, uma sikubeka kahle, i-furore enkulu. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili - futhi onamandla wokuba isehluleki. embukisweni yomhlaba wonke Surrealists anikela ngalo Frensis Bekon imidwebo, wala, ekuphenduleni endaweni ngokuvamile avant-garde isitayela, ethi cha imidwebo ngokwanele ukukukholelwa.

ukuvuthwa okudala

Iminyaka impi kwakungezona elula uFrancis. Ekuqaleni ke kwabalelwa esiqiwini-Civil Defense, kodwa maqede wasishiya dengwane umbono ngenxa yesimo sempilo umdwebi sika (yena wayehlushwa isifo somoya). Endaweni ethile phakathi 1943 kanye 1944 Bacon kwadingeka i Epiphany. Wabhubhisa kakhulu yomsebenzi wakhe ekuseni, futhi esikhundleni ahlinzekwa emhlabeni "Three Izigaba isithombe esekelwe kokubethelwa." Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umculi yesibili ozalwa Frensis Bekon, izithombe, biography okuzoba isihloko ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni.

I triptych u embukisweni igalari Lefebvre, okubangela scandal okukhulu. Lesi sakamuva, Nokho, kuphela ezaba nomthelela nesithakazelo esikhulayo kumculi. Ekwindla ka-1953 e-New York solo embukisweni Bacon, futhi ngemva konyaka ahlonishwe ukumela UK ngesikhathi XXVII Biennale e-Venice.

"Isifundo zomzimba womuntu" by Muybridge

Ekuqaleni '60s Bacon wagcina wathutha. Yena enquma ukuba bazohlala yindawo lapho amahhashi kanye wawugcinwa. Stables Studio isibe legend empilweni umdwebi sika, ngoba kulapha lapho wadala Frensis Bekon imidwebo ngeziqu kamuva ayezoba eyaziwa kunoma fan art yesimanje. Futhi ncamashi edume esifanayo waba nezinxushunxushu ezisemhlabeni studio, okuyinto ihlalisa imidwebo, ngifaka, amaphephandaba kudingeka Francis amavesi. Sekukonke, kwakunama-inqwaba umsebenzi kanye photographer Muybridge, wakhonza njengephayona umthombo kudalwa "Isifundo zomzimba womuntu." Bacon ukuboniswa owesifazane nengane "indawo" yemisebenzi yokuqala yaleli okuyinhloko. Nokho, umculi waboleka ngesakhiwo inika ukunambitheka edabukisayo. owesifazane sihleli eqinisweni, iqatha lenyama maholoholo, budebuduze nalapho kukhona ingane kofé uhlangothi. Kakhulu simo esingenathemba is kwahambisana by zabalingiswa esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon ebomvu ezinhle ithoni isikhala thile silahlekelwa ubuntu ngokuphelele.

"Figure Reclining"

Amashumi amabili eminyaka, umculi nabangani bakhe waba njalo "Igumbi elinamakholomu" ibha. Kube wazithola imifanekiso, enye yazo, Henrietta Moraes, avezwe 'njengoMdala Reclining sibalo ". Lokhu imidwebo, ukudlula noma iyiphi enye, egcwele imininingwane namaqiniso: wobungane, ungathola isipetu washaya ehlombe, kanye embhedeni ngemivimbo isibani isitsha somlotha kagwayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sibalo Henrietta yena kuyofikwa buthaka.

Uzungu kusobala zokuchaza ebonakalayo nge imisebenzi ngamanye abaculi ezifana "Guernica" futhi "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by Picasso. umqulu okunjalo akukhona ngephutha: Frensis Bekon, ogama imidwebo badalwa iso umsebenzi surrealist iSpanishi, wafuna "ikhulule 'umgoqo amakhulu eminyaka ubuzenzisi ubunqunu womuntu.

Self-ekumeni

Ukuqala 70s kwaphawulwa umculi eduze izenzakalo ezimangalisayo. Ngo-1971, uFrancis uyafa lover Dzhordzh Dayer, ayehlala nabo iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ngemva kwakhe kude empilweni Dzhon Dikin, umthwebuli ngubani lisebenzisane umculi (ukuthi Bacon neze wabhala imisebenzi yakhe kusukela imvelo yaziwa). ukulahlekelwa okunjalo ngokwethukela baphoqeleka ukuba balukhulume sigxilise uqobo. "Ngoba anginaye omunye ukudweba" - ngokudabukisayo uthi.

Njengazo zonke Umdwebo we esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon, wakhe self-portraits ukufuna wasithatha okushiwo imodeli kweqiniso. Yingakho zingenakunqobeka enyanya yomculi ukuze eqandisiwe isimo sobuso noma kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ezizuzisayo. Kunalokho, i-Bacon isithombe ashukumisayo, lishintsha ibhulashi okuyinhloko. Ezinye izici basondela kabanzi, kuyilapho abanye zinyamalale ngokuphelele.

inkazimulo ezingafi

Ngo-1988, khona-ke ngempela namaSoviet eMoscow isingathwe embukisweni we imisebenzi ngu Francis, ngisho izinombolo elinganiselwe, owawungumnyaka ubufakazi engcono nokwamukelwa umculi ngaphandle waseNtshonalanga.

Ngezinye izikhathi isithombe Bacon okubangelwa Izibuyekezo exubile, kodwa iningi a baxgeki namanje uyavuma ukuthi okukhulu, imidwebo expressionistic musa abashiye ubani nandaba. Ziyakwazi efanele futhi manje, ngemva kweminyaka engu-23 ngemva kokufa Bacon sika.