Yiziphi kwezakhi kanye nendima yabo isakhiwo somphakathi

imiphakathi Social zabantu kubhekwe zefilosofi ezahlukene zokukhula ezihlukene womuntu. Ekhulwini le-19 kwaba ekilasini theory kakhulu. Lo mqondo okuthiwa ekilasini amaqembu ayinhloko nomphakathi. Basuke, e umbono walo, ezanquma inkambo yomlando. Imisuka yezenhlalakahle isakhiwo somphakathi, ezifana amakilasi, zisekhona iyingxenye ebalulekile kunemibono yanamuhla entshonalanga. Bayaqaphela ososayensi odume zezombangazwe nezenhlalo njengoba Kroner, Aron, Myers, Bell, Brzezinski. Ikakhulukazi, afakiwe nase-nomqondo ezimbonini kanye nomphakathi post-ezimbonini.

Nokho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona indlela ehlukile nodaba lokuhlukaniswa umphakathi ku namaqembu omphakathi. Umbhali lo mbono kwaba Pitirim Sorokin. Yena, ngokungafani kuya imfundiso yokuziphendukela kaMarx amakilasi, wasikisela umqondo nezinye izici futhi izinkomba babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini. Lokhu stratum kwezenhlalo. ithiyori Sorokin sika ngendlela yabo wachaza lenqwaba ku isimo senhlalo. Kungenjalo-ke yilona senhlalo kanye uhlelo, ohlanganisa babhekane nezinga elikhulu yayo okuthiwa. It ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana Ukukaleka, kuye oyedwa noma abaningi nenqubo kanye nezinkomba. Ngakho yini stratum?

Okokuqala, lezi izimpawu esigabeni sika-namaqembu omphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu ihluke nomunye e ukuzibonakalisa kwabo, izinga umholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banayo imfundo ezahlukene kwenzeka. Psychology isitshela izinhlobo senhliziyo nokhondolo ngabanye ubuntu. amaqembu Huge kukhona abantu bezinkolo ezingefani futhi unamathela eziningi zezinkolelo. Zonke lezi zindlela, ngabe kubhekwa konke, usisize ukuphendula umbuzo yini kwezakhi. Abacwaningi abaningi basakholelwa ukuthi lezi zici amaqembu ahlukahlukene yokuzijabulisa esiyinhloko, futhi ngisho isinqumo sokugcina isakhiwo somphakathi.

Bamafilosofi babe nesithakazelo hhayi kuphela lokho kwezakhi, kodwa futhi Indlela Ezisithinta abantu, kanye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izenzakalo emile noma ashukumisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu angashiya iqembu yabo yezenhlalo kwenye, futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo? kakhulu Le nqubo babiza ncono kwesive. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, futhi uye akakugwemanga ngezigaba. Mobility emphakathini kokubili enezingqimba futhi mpo. Lapho izindawo kuqala ngamanye phakathi kwezakhi zenhlabathi ezihlukahlukene, futhi okwesibili - isitebhisi ngaphakathi omunye wabo. Ingase futhi kube ejwayelekile ukuhamba sici Amathrendi esitebeleni, futhi okungahleliwe, eyabonakala ngenxa zenzakalo ezithile empilweni.

Iminikelo tiyori ukuthi lokhu stratum, futhi wenza sezokuhlalisana kwabantu abadumile Maks Veber. Wafaka phambili umqondo wokuthi izimpawu ala maqembu yokuzijabulisa ezifana nenqubo ngokwengqondo ezifana nodumo isimo. Ngokusho lesi sazi, lezi izinkomba social ukunikeza stratum zokuphila zabo isitayela ngamunye, ehlanganisa isethi eqondile imikhuba, amagugu kanye eyeqisayo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uyakwazisa ubulungu bakhe eqenjini elithile kwezenhlalo, kufanele zakwazi ukwenza lokho okulindelwe namalungu awo ukuze waziwe yibo. Ngakho-ke, Weber, ukutadisha ngendlela yalo umbuzo yini kwezakhi wabonisa ukuthi amalungu awo ebekwa ingcindezi nokufundiswa komphakathi ezinye indima. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso waqinisekisa sezokuhlalisana kwabantu owaziwa nozakwabo Pinton Mead. Bachaza khona ngamunye kwezinkambiso iqembu yokuthi kungayithonya kakhulu ukuziphatha kwamalungu ayo, kuye ngokuthi isimo sabo. Yenza imithetho enjalo kubangela umuntu kanye nenqubomgomo ezifana udumo. Lokhu luwukuhlela isenzo somuntu onikelwa kuye ngamalungu party. Emphakathini wethu, kungashiwo okwaboniswa yokuthi emikhakheni ethile iyadingeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ukuthenga imoto noma entsha okumele ube iPod. Uma umuntu angenakho nalezi zimfuneko, kunenkolelo ukuthi ilahlekelwe ukukholakala ayisekho yimpumelelo. Singasho amalungu eqembu ukucwaswa - ngeke angabonwa njengendodana yakhe.