Yini enquma iqoqo eziphakeme esishintshashintshayo? Eziphakeme yibhande eCaucasus

Isakhiwo altitudinal esishintshashintshayo of eCaucasus - olunzulu kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izintaba-Russian. Ngokwe-ochwepheshe UNESCO, esifundeni elinesimo elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo ngokumangalisayo yokwakheka komhlaba, imvelo zilwane, iqukethe amapheshana olubanzi ungaphazamisekile emahlathini asezintabeni esiyingqayizivele ngezinga elingelikhulu European. Cabanga ngesibonelo esihle uhlelo entabeni, ebheka iqoqo ephezulu liphumele zone. Ake sibone indlela abantu basebenzisa izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo ngayinye esishintshashintshayo mpo.

amabhande Altitudinal ezintabeni

nokuklanywa Kuqondile - noma eziphakeme zone - iphethini ngokwebalazwe, esizibonakalisa ushintsho isitshalo imiphakathi kusukela yasehlanzeni kuya phezulu. Ihlukile latitude ka alternation izindawo zemvelo emathafeni, okuyinto kubangelwa ukwehla lemali emisebeni yelanga kusukela yenkabazwe iye enyakatho. Isethi egcwele eziphakeme esishintshashintshayo uvezwa ezintabeni eziphakemeyo, lapho zitholakala esishintshashintshayo enkabazwe kanye elishisayo. Sibala zonke kungenzeka esishintshashintshayo mpo yemvelo (kusukela unyawo kuya phezulu):

1. Wet ezisenkabazwe (kufika ku ukuphakama 1200 metres).
2. amahlathi Intaba.
3. emahlathini asezintabeni High (3000 m).
4. Undersized, izihlahla nesisontekile, nezihlahla (kufika ku 3800 m).
5. Alpine Meadows (4500 m).
6. ugwadule Rocky, amatshe eyinyumba.
7. Isithwathwa, entabeni izinguzunga zeqhwa.

Yini enquma iqoqo eziphakeme esishintshashintshayo?

Wayekhona engamamitha esishintshashintshayo alichaza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nomswakama nge ukwanda ukuphakama. Air kuyanda ngayinye 1 km is selehlile nge-avareji ka-6 ° C. Kukhophi 12 m ukuphakama babe asemkhathini ingcindezi Ukwehla 1 mm HG.

Ezintabeni, okuyinto zitholakala endaweni amabanga sihluke yenkabazwe, zenza kube lukhuni ukuklanywa mpo kuyahluka kakhulu. On okufanayo latitude njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela izinhlelo zemvelo ezahlukene.

Sibala, ebheka iqoqo eziphakeme zigaba, lokho izimo ezithinta kumiswa zabo:

• Isikhundla ezindawo ka ezintabeni. I eduze nenkabazwe, aba maningi esishintshashintshayo mpo.
• Izimfunda ezingasogwini lwe-luvame umphakathi yemvelo owengame kwethafa elizungeze le ndawo.
• Ukuphakama entabeni. Kunabo ephakeme, ezinohlonze amabhande. Lapho ziqhubeka kusukela zindawo efudumele futhi izintaba ephansi, izingxenye engezansi (North Urals kukhona 1-2 kuphela).
• Budebuduze izilwandle nasolwandle, kwakheka ngomsakazo efudumele futhi zinomswakama okuyinto.
• Umthelela abandayo noma efudumele ezomile emoyeni mass ivela zwekazi.

ushintsho Kuqondile izindawo zemvelo ezintabeni eWestern eCaucasus

Kukhona eziphakeme yibhande eCaucasus, eziphathelene ezimbili izinhlobo nokuklanywa mpo: yezwekazi futhi ugu (ngasolwandle). Eyesibili umelwe ezintabeni eWestern eCaucasus, uhlangabezana ithonya Atlantic, emoyeni ezinomswakama zasolwandle.

Sibala main eziphakeme ibhande yasehlanzeni ukuze iziqongo:

1. Meadow asemaqeleni Clumps interruptible oki, hornbeam, umlotha (100 m).

2. Ihlathi Zone.

• Broadleaf ihlathi montane (kufika ku-600 m). izihlahla Ngezikhathi ezithile coniferous (sonwele atholakala kule zoni fir Caucasian). Ezinye izindawo liyafana ezinomswakama nakwezifudumele siluhlaza esinindolweni lapho umvini zikhule, boxwood, yew, laurel.
• amahlathi okuxubile Belt (ngenhla 1200 m).
• Dark coniferous ihlathi kwezimila.

3. zezikhotha esiyisigwegwe ubude subalpine (engamamitha 2000 m).

4. ongaphakeme-utshani alpine ezimfundeni, izinsimbi ocebile, cereal isambulela izitshalo.

5. nival zone (ezingeni ukuphakama 2800-3200 m).

Nivalis Latin igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi "kuhle." Kulesi zone, kodwa elingenalutho idwala, iqhwa, kukhona izitshalo alpine: buttercup primrose, ukhova nabanye.

Eziphakeme zone of Eastern eCaucasus

Empumalanga, kukhona nezinye eziphakeme yibhande eCaucasus, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi nokuklanywa ezwekazini noma Dagestan uhlobo mpo. Ngo elaliphansi kwamagquma lulwimi ezivamile, okuyinto esikhundleni emaqeleni eyomile predominance of utshani kanye sagebrush. Ngenhla emahlozini nezihlahla xerophytic, ezingavamile ihlathi kwezimila. Okulandelayo Alpine zone zemvelo emelelwa entabeni ehlane, Grassland wokudla. Emithambekeni ingxenye ukuthola umoya onomswakama Atlantic, kukhona amahlathi ezihlahla ezibanzi enezicabha (oki, hornbeam kanye beech). I-Eastern eCaucasus ihlathi ibhande esikhundleni subalpine futhi alpine Izimfunda predominance izitshalo xerophytic endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu 2800 m (e-Alps umngcele le izoni itholakala endaweni engamamitha 2200 m). Nival zone ubabonisa ngesikhathi ibambene 3600-4000 m.

Qhathanisa altitudinal esishintshashintshayo ka eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga eCaucasus

Inombolo engamamitha esishintshashintshayo East eCaucasus esingaphansi West, ngenxa ithonya ku kumiswa izindawo zemvelo ezintabeni emoyeni uquqaba, nesimo sendawo, nezinye izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, efudumele futhi zinomswakama Atlantic emoyeni cishe akusho ukungena ngasempumalanga, ke unawo yokhalo main. Ngesikhathi esifanayo engakutholi emoyeni abandayo lipholile engxenyeni esentshonalanga eCaucasus.

Umahluko omkhulu ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo Eastern eCaucasus esishintshashintshayo kusukela West:

• khona-semi ehlane yasehlanzeni;
• ibhande aphansi asemaqeleni owomile;
• ewumngcingo ihlathi zone;
• amahlozi xerophytic ehlathini emngceleni engezansi ibhande ihlathi;
• kungekho coniferous ihlathi zone
• Asemaqeleni e medium and okusezingeni eliphezulu entabeni ingxenye;
• ukunwetshwa zone entabeni-edlelweni;
• ephakeme indawo snows kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa.
• ihlathi uhlaza kuphela ezigodini;
• cishe ziphinde zenzeke coniferous zinhlobo esihlahleni.

Imisebenzi yezomnotho sabantu

Ukwakheka ezindaweni zemvelo of eCaucasus ngenxa yezinguquko imingcele zezulu ngaphakathi ohlelweni entabeni kusuka base phezulu futhi usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga. Ukwazi kahle ukuthi incike iqoqo eziphakeme zigaba, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi esifundeni has a high ukwanda kwabantu, ikakhulukazi ogwini Black Sea. I evundile asemaqeleni emathafeni Ciscaucasia cishe eshayisa ngokuphelele futhi kwahlala kuyo izilimo okusanhlamvu kanye ikhabe izitshalo, amasimu ezithelo, nezivini. Sikhanyisiwe ezolimo nakwezifudumele, kuhlanganise ukutshala itiye, izithelo zohlobo lukalamula, amapetshisi walnuts. Intaba emifuleni babe inqolobane enkulu amandla amanzi, esetshenziswa ukunisela ezindaweni engajulile. Asemaqeleni, lulwimi izingwadule nezimfunda ziba idlelo. Ngo izimayini kanye namahlathi ibhande eyenziwa ukuvunwa.

Zonke ibhande ephezulu liphumele eCaucasus Izintaba babe amathuba amaningi ukuze zisetshenziselwe ezokuvakasha. Uhlelo entabeni aphakathi nendawo kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu amabanga ezembethe amahlathi, izinguzunga zeqhwa neqhwa, edonsela abalandeli skiing kanye nokushova. Imizila ehilela rocks yokunqoba, nemithambeka eneqhwa emifula entabeni. Umoya ohlanzekile kuyinto amahlathi okuxubile, namathafa olunothile, ngasogwini lolwandle - izinsiza eziyinhloko zokungcebeleka of eCaucasus.