Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich: Biography, ifa yokudala, empilweni yakho

Voloshin Maksimilian (iminyaka yokuphila - 1877 - 1932) - imbongi, umculi, Isazi-mlando sezobuciko, umhlaziyi etemibhalo. Voloshin - mbumbulu. Igama lakhe langempela - Kirienko-Voloshin.

Ebuntwaneni, iminyaka umfundi

Imbongi esizayo wazalwa eKiev ngo-1877, 16 (28) we-May. okhokho zoyise akhe angamalangabi Zaporozhye Cossacks. Ngu unina ekhaya sasisenkonzweni amaJalimane, Russified ekhulwini le-17. Maximilian elahlekile uyise eminyakeni engu-3. E-Moscow, wachitha esengumntwana nangesikhathi usakhula imbongi. Unina e 1893, labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe Feodosiya etholakala eduze Koktebel umhlaba. Lapha, ngo-1897, Voloshin Maksimilian kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Wangena eMoscow University (Faculty - Law). Maximilian njengoba umfundi eyayihilelekile imisebenzi wamavukelambuso. Wayengene shí February 1900 Zonke-Russian umfundi isiteleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kanye ukuthambekela ukuyaluza futhi "nombono ongemuhle zomhlaba," Voloshin Maximilian umiswe esikoleni.

Qala travel

Ukuze sigweme imiphumela embi kakhulu, waya ukwakhiwa wesitimela ekwindla ka-1900. Voloshin lesi sikhathi, kamuva esabizwa ngesizwe "esibalulekile" ukuthi kunqunywe ukuphila kwakhe ukuthanda izinto ezingokomoya esizayo. On ukwakhiwa, wabuva endulo, eMpumalanga Asia, isiko-European.

Nokho, limatasa ekwetayeta Maximilian impumelelo European nesiko laseNtshonalanga nabanengqondo futhi bokubeka yezokuvakasha wokuqala kuba inhloso ebalulekile imbongi. Wayekhona iminyaka 1899-1900 e-Italy, eFrance, eGreece, eSwitzerland, eJalimane, e-Austria-Hungary. Ikakhulukazi Maximilian bakhangwa Paris. Lona lapho wabona maphakathi aseYurophu, futhi kungakho jikelele impilo engokomoya. Maximilian Alexandrovich wabuya esuka Asia ngenxa yokwesaba ekushushisweni, wenza isiqunto sokuya ENtshonalanga.

Life e Paris, travel okwengeziwe, "indlu imbongi sika" ekhatsi Koktebel

In Paris, Voloshin Maksimilian (esithombeni sakhe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) wavakashela izikhathi eziningana esikhathini kusuka 1901 kuya 1916, ngangibhekene lapha. Phakathi, imbongi wenza travel "ukuze ezweni laseMedithera lasendulo." Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ehambela Ukufika kuzo zombili izihloko Russian. Voloshin ngaleso sikhathi wayehlala "endlini imbongi" yakhe ekhatsi Koktebel, okuyinto selande laze laba uhlobo isikhungo kwamasiko, endaweni yokuphumula futhi isiphephelo elite etemibhalo. G. Shengeli, umhumushi imbongi, wambiza ngokuthi "Cimmerian-Athene" kwakhiwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene kule ndlu wavakashelwa Andrei Bely, Vyacheslav Bruce, u-Alexei UTolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Nikolay Gumilev, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich, E. Zamyatin, Sun. Ivanov, Chukovsky, UMikhail Bulgakov neminye abalobi, abaculi kanye nososayensi.

Voloshin - a umhlaziyi etemibhalo

Ngenxa umhlaziyi etemibhalo Voloshin Maksimilian seziqalile ukusetshenziswa wakhe e-1899. Kumagazini i "umqondo Russian" kwavela Ukubuyekeza yakhe kancane ngaphandle isignesha. Ngo-May 1900 isihloko eside onesihloko esithi "Ukuvikela Hauptmann" owashicilelwa magazini ofanayo. Yayisayinwe "Max. Voloshin." Lesi sihloko sasisihle ngomunye wabokuqala eRussia manifestos of sobuhle bayo modernist. Ngemva kwalokho kwafika nezinye izihloko zakhe. Ubude Voloshin wawabhalela 36 - izincwadi Russian, 35 - phezu French futhi Russian Theatre, 28 - ngemibhalo isiFulentshi, kanye 49 izihloko ngezenzakalo French Impucuko. Bakhandwa yokutholwa futhi bamemezela izimiso bokubeka yesimanjemanje. Voloshin mkhuba omusha etemibhalo wezwe lakithi (ikakhulukazi okuthiwa zokudala Symbolists abasebasha) olwaqala ngo umongo isiko wesimanje European.

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, ogama biography sikhathazeka, wayebuye abe ejenti tetemibhalo, umeluleki, usomabhizinisi intercession kanye nekushicilela uchwepheshe "Nosizi", "Scorpio" futhi Sabashnikovyh abazalwane. Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe kwezemfundo wabhekisela ubuBuddha, umlingo, ubuKatolika, theosophy, ukulumba, Freemasonry. Konke lokhu wathatha Maximilian emsebenzini wakhe ngemehlo art. Ikakhulukazi, wayekwazisa "le bokubanga yokucabanga 'kanye' izinkondlo imibono", ngakho izihloko zakhe zazinjengethusi izinkondlo, izinkondlo - ku iphepha (ke wathi Ehrenburg, anikela indaba yakhe eshicilelwe ngo-1923 incwadi ethi "Ekumeni yezimbongi owayephila") .

Amavesi lokuqala

Ekuqaleni, izinkondlo ababaningi wabhala Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, imbongi. Cishe bonke bafakwa encwadini ezavela 1910 ( "Poems. 1900-1910"). Hand "ngamagugu", "master kweqiniso" bekubona Bryusov. Voloshin wacabanga othisha bazo virtuoso amapulasitiki olusankondlo zh. M. Eredia, Gauthier et al. Izimbongi "Parnassian" ezivela eFrance. imisebenzi yabo babesendle counterweight verlenovskim kuya "umculo" isiqondiso. Lokhu lokusungula nobuntu Voloshin akunakubangelwa iqoqo yakhe yokuqala, kanye neyesibili, okwakubekelwa elaliklanywe Maximilian ku 1920 ekuseni futhi engakaze ishicilelwe. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Selva Oscura". Lalihlanganisa inkondlo wadala esikhathini kusuka 1910 kuya ku-1914. Abaningi babo bathuthela e kamuva encwadini abakhethiwe ezavela 1916 ( "ivernit").

Umumo ku Verhaeren

Kungaba inkulumo eside ngokudalwa imbongi ezifana Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Biography ngokufingqiwe lesi sihloko iqukethe kuphela amaqiniso ayisisekelo ngakho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umumo ngokucacile zezombusazwe imbongi iba kusukela ekuqaleni 1st neMpi Yezwe, E. Verhaeren. Brusov ukuhumushwa emuva yakhe esihlokweni 1907 "Émile Verhaeren futhi Valeriy Bryusov" Maximilian abangu ngaphansi ukugxeka esibhubhisayo. Voloshin yena elihunyushwe Verhaeren "kusukela timvo letehlukene" futhi "ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene." Sengqondo kuye, wafingqa encwadini yakhe ngo-1919, "Verhaeren. Ukudalelwa. Ukudala. Translations."

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich - imbongi Russian owabhala izinkondlo mayelana nempi. Afakwe ukuqoqwa ngo-1916 "Nomtekhala mundi ardentis", zingabantu ngokuphelele uvumelane verhanovskoy Poetics. Bona kusetshenzwe izithombe amasu mpendulo olusankondlo, egcwele isici nzile wonke izinkondlo Maximilian izikhathi wamavukelambuso, impi yombango futhi eminyakeni elandelayo. Ingxenye izinkondlo ezibhalwe ngaleso sikhathi, yanyatheliswa ngo incwadi ngo-1919: "Amademoni abayizithulu", enye ingxenye kwaba ngo-1923, eyanyatheliswa ngo-Berlin ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Tinkondlo esibhicongo esesabekayo." Nokho, iningi lemisebenzi wasala wesandla.

ukushushiswa ngokusemthethweni

Ngo-1923, waqala hounding Voloshin wombuso. Igama lakhe likhohlakale. Ngo-USSR esikhathini kusuka 1928 kuya ku-1961, umugqa owodwa imbongi aliveli ukuphrinta. Lapho Ehrenburg ngo-1961, okukhulunywe ngenhlonipho e Umlando wakhe mayelana Voloshin, wayihlukumeza kakhulu masinyane, kwaholela ekutheni kube ne ngokukhuza A. Dymshitz, ngubani wakhomba yokuthi Maximilian kwaba ohlehlela emincane futhi akathandanga ukuba inguqula-mbuso.

Buyela eCrimea, ezama ukugqekeza ukuphrinta

Entwasahlobo ka-1917 Voloshin wabuyela eCrimea. Ngo incwadi ekhuluma ngaye ngo-1925, wabhala wathi abasawulahli, futhi ngeke bathutha lutho ngokulambisa. Ngaphambili, ethi akuveli yimiphi amaqembu aphikisanayo, kodwa uhlala Russia kuphela futhi enze kuwo; futhi wabhala ukuthi kudingeka uhlale eRussia kuze kube sekupheleni. Voloshin House, elise Koktebel, wahlala ezibhedlela ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Lapha bathola isiphephelo nokufihla woshushiso nezikhulu ezimhlophe, futhi abaholi abomvu. Lokhu Maximilian wabhala ngo-1926 inkondlo yakhe "Le iyindlu kaJehova imbongi." "Red uMholi" kwaba Bela Kun. Ngemva Wrangel wahlulwa, yena ngenxa yendlala ehleliwe ukwesaba ran pacification eCrimea. Ngokusobala, njengoba umvuzo ukufukamela le Kuhn ngesikhathi Voloshin endlini nenkathi yamaSoviet liyalondolozwa, kanye nokuphepha isihlobo enikeziwe. Nokho, futhi ngenxa yokufaneleka kwalo noma uyabakhathalela V Veresaeva, abanethonya ngesikhathi, noma uhlobo ukuphenduka futhi enxusa yezikhalazo L. Kamenev, onguMninimandla onke ideologue (ngo-1924) awazange asize ikhefu Maximilian ku ukuphrinta.

izinkomba ezimbili Voloshin imicabango

Voloshin wabhala vesi kuwukuphela ngendlela eveza imicabango. Futhi watheleka kuye ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala - historiosophical (isiphetho Russia, imisebenzi okuyinto wamthatha Umbala ngokuvamile evamile yenkolo). Esesibili - anti-zomlando. Kungaphawulwa umjikelezo "Izindlela kaKhayini" sokuthandaza, esasibonisa imiqondo anarchism jikelele. Imbongi wabhala ukuthi le misebenzi, uphehla cishe yonke imibono yayo kwezenhlalo, okwakukhona ikakhulukazi omubi. Kufanele kuqashelwe jikelele ithoni kuyahlekisa lokhu umjikelezo.

Waqaphela futhi umkhiqizo engaziwa

Incoherence yokucabanga, nobuntu Voloshin, kwaholela ngokuvamile yokuthi indalo yakhe ababebheka ngezinye izikhathi njengoba melodeclamation grandiloquent ( "Preosuschestvlenie" wathi, "Kungcwele Russia", "Kitezh", "Isikhathi iziNgelosi," "The Wild Field"), punditry aestheticized ( "Cosmos "" uLeviyathani "," Tanob "namanye imisebenzi" Izindlela kaKhayini "), stylization yimikhuba (" Dmetrius-Emperor "," Archpriest uHabakuki, ' "Saint uSeraphim," "Legend of Inoke Epiphany"). Noma kunjalo, kungashiwo ukuthi iningi izinkondlo zakhe kwesikhathi wamavukelambuso ziye waqaphela njengoba ubufakazi oluphelele futhi enembile olusankondlo (isib, ekumeni typological "Onxiwankulu", "Spy", "The Red" et al., Isimemezelo Lyrical "ezansi isihogo" nangokuthi "Ukuzimisela "ubuciko bokukhuluma" Northeast "nezinye imisebenzi).

Izihloko mayelana art nokudweba sifundo

Ngemva inguquko, yomsebenzi wakhe njengomphostoli Umhlaziyi wobuciko kumisiwe. Nokho, Maximilian wakwazi ukushicilela 34 izihloko ku Russian ezobuciko, kanye 37 izihloko ku art French. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala monographic enikelwe Surikov, azigcina ukubaluleka kwayo. Incwadi "UMoya Gothic" wasala sidle. Ngenhla ke Maximilian wasebenza ngo-1912 futhi ngo-1913.

Voloshin wasiphakamisa Umdwebo ukuze bahlulele professional mayelana zobuciko. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, wayengumuntu umculi onekhono. Crimean emifanekiso namathafa, ababulawa kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe olusankondlo, baba uhlobo esithandayo. Ngo-1932 (11 Agasti) ekhatsi Koktebel wafa Maximilian Voloshin. Biography emfushane ke kungenziwa kulekelelwa ulwazi mayelana ngempilo yakhe yangasese, amaqiniso athakazelisayo kuyiphi sethula ngezansi.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila kwangasese Voloshin

Duel Voloshin futhi Nikolaya Gumileva wakhe wawenziwa ngo-i-Black River, wangena lapho Pushkin esingu Dantes. Kwathi '72 futhi kamuva abesifazane. Nokho, isiphetho uzigcinile ke izimbongi ezimbili ezidumile, yini eyayimenyezelwa Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich futhi Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Imbongi, ogama isithombe aboniswe ngezansi, - Nikolai Gumilyov.

Acibishela ngoba Lizy Dmitrievoy. Waya emhlanganweni staroispanskoy Yiqiniso nezincwadi Old French eSorbonne. Eyokuqala intombazanyana ethunjiwe Gumilyov. Wamyisa uvakashele Voloshin ekhatsi Koktebel. Yayenga intombazane. Nikolay Gumilyov kwesokunxele iyafana nayezizwa engadingekile. Nokho, le ndaba iyaqhubeka emva kwesikhashana, futhi ekugcineni zaholela duel. Inkantolo igwebe ekuboshweni ngesonto sika Gumilev futhi Voloshin - ngelinye ilanga.

Unkosikazi wokuqala Maksimiliana Voloshina - UMargarita Sabashnikova. Ngalo, waya izinkulumo eSorbonne. Nokho, umshado, ngokushesha waphela - yena wamthanda Vyacheslav Ivanov. Umkakhe wasikisela Sabashnikova siphile ezintathu. Nokho, umndeni "uhlobo olusha" akusebenzanga. Umkakhe wesibili kwaba umhlengikazi Maria Stepanova (ngenhla), anakekele unina asekhulile Maximilian.