Vologda esifundeni, Omkhulu Ustyug (edolobheni): umlando, nokuzwa kanye nencazelo

Omkhulu Ustyug - idolobha elincane, futhi, like, zingezona ezibonakalayo. Nokho, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ke odlale indima ebalulekile empilweni yamasiko North Russian.

Ingemuva idolobha

Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala Russian kule ndawo yasungulwa le Rostov-Suzdal kwezikhulu njengaphezu Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12. Lalibizwa ngokuthi Gleden (Glyaden), njengoba kwaba entabeni ende ephakemeyo, owawungumnyaka elula ukugcina indawo. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi wangekhulu lesi-9, ke kwaku Finno-Ugric zokuhlala.

Gleden inqaba ngokuvamile ukugqashuka waphuphuma lichitheke Sukhona emifuleni kanye South, kancane kancane abantu baqala ukuthuthela emadolobheni ezayo. Omunye wabo waba Ustyug.

By endleleni, abanye abacwaningi abathi ngokwezinga aveze ukuthi igama lomuzi, cishe livela South komfula, njengoba ikhona eduze komlomo wawo.

Kumila Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli Monastery

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, Rostov Elikhulu, umuzi eliseduze, kuhlanganise Ustyug, washukumiseleka ukuba 'yomthetho "Vladimir izikhulu. Ngakho, Vsevolod Nest Big labelwe ifa endodaneni yakhe Constantine, owayeneminyaka kwase kunguye omdala emadodaneni akhe eziyisishiyagalombili.

Njengoba kuphakanyiswe mlando, ekuqaleni Ustyug khona abavamile unogada eliqaphile + ayibanga izinqaba dolobha. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ngisho kubhekwe idolobha langempela ekuqondeni sikhathi. Kodwa ngokushesha ukuthuthukiswa Ustiug iye yashesha, njengoba kukhona cishe 1212 UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko sezindela yasungulwa. Lo mcimbi kuvumelana kukhulunywa okokuqala lomuzi imithombo ebhalwe - zemihla futhi kosanta, kuhlanganise ukulandwa feat obungokomoya balabo indela Cyprian - umsunguli yesigodlo.

Michael Isigodlo Ingelosi Eyinhloko ukhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo bokwakha isonto medieval ingenye edume kakhulu abantu abavakashela hhayi kuphela edolobheni kodwa lonke Vologda esifundeni. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, endaweni Museum sezindela yasungulwa yalungisa motor ezokuthutha esikoleni lobuchwepheshe. Namuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi wabuya esontweni, kodwa Isigodlo uyaqhubeka ukuba inoperative.

"Omkhulu" Ustyug

Idolobhana wawubaluleke kakhulu izikhulu wokuhleleka kwayo engawayekanga imali. Ngisho lapho 1218 Ustyug waxoshwa yi-iVolga Bulgars, yasanguluka ngokushesha. Cishe, lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi lo muzi usuphenduke esisogwini ngasemkhawulweni wezwe lakwa Novgorod, ngokuba inqaba isimo Russian.

Ngemva kwalokho, ukubaluleka Ustyug lakhula. Ngakho, ngo-1521 Michael Isigodlo Ingelosi Eyinhloko wathola incwadi zokuziphatha ezinhle kusukela Okwesithathu Basil - eMoscow Grand Duke. Uyabazisa Ustyug no-Ivan Grozny, owamenzayo omunye "oprichnina" emadolobheni, okwakusho amalungelo athile. Ngalesi sikhathi, igama edolobhaneni Wanezela leli zwi: "okukhulu."

Fire and ukwakhiwa kabusha

Inani layo Ustyug Omkhulu walondoloza ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18. Lapho uPetru imizila ukuhweba zishintshile eRussia. Abahwebi bangaphandle wayeka ukuya le Ustyug Omkhulu. Umuzi wathola isimo yesifundazwe. Naphezu ukulahlekelwa Inani kwezomnotho, wahlala elaziwayo amasonto bayo basendulo nezinye izikhumbuzo kwamasiko.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kwezwakala imililo eziningana ezinkulu cishe phansi ngokuphelele "Posad" ingxenye abahloniphekile bakuleli dolobhana. ongakhetha eziningana ukulungiswa okuphakanyiswe. Le phrojekthi ibona umsebenzi best of a Umdabuli Golubev. Kuyinto leli cebo, waqala ukuba kwakhiwe le Ustyug Omkhulu. Streets mlando futhi namuhla ukugcina ezimenza aluthola ngesikhathi imisebenzi sokubuyiselwa kwesikhathi.

XX-xxi leminyaka

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution emzini beza uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Ukumiswa kwawo kwaba value ezingabazekayo ngokuba Ustyug Omkhulu: yedolobha yaba isikhungo esiqavile zemfundo (University wavulwa ngonyaka ka-1922), ethunywe amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaBolshevik wabhubhisa eziningi amasonto ubudala kanye nezinye izakhiwo, kanjalo enza umonakalo omkhulu ukubukeka yokuqala yezakhiwo abahloniphekile bakuleli dolobhana.

Esikhathini entsha yeminyaka, siye sacabangela isiphetho izinguquko onqenqemeni futhi. Hhayi indima okungenani kule kukhala ngu kwabaphathi bedolobha. Omkhulu Ustyug kancane kancane kokuba ngomunye izikhungo izivakashi edume kunayo North Russian. Kuze kube yimanje, amahhotela amasha nokuzijabulisa izindawo zinhle zombili abadala kanye izingane kukhona Kwakhiwa.

zokungcebeleka

Omkhulu Ustyug (idolobha elikhazimulayo futhi enhle) isikhathi eside futhi kubhekwa evulekile air Museum. Kwasala eziningi izakhiwo 19 ekhulwini (Usov ikhaya Okhlopkova njll -. A kweshumi kwezakhiwo ezimbalwa), kanye esontweni Baroque of Simeona Stolpnika (ekhulwini le-18). ukuvakashelwa okuyimpoqo ufanelwe Court Cathedral lapho kweNyuka Cathedral, zokuxhumana yokusebenza ethempelini. Procopius le olungileyo, indlu Bishop sika kwekhulu le-18, futhi ipulazi izakhiwo ezindala.

yezandla

Phakathi ezikhangayo, ungase futhi zihlanganisa simila "Severnaya Chern". Ngenxa imikhiqizo yayo igama elithi "Vologda esifundeni", "umuzi Veliky Ustyug" eyaziwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe lethu enkulukazi, futhi mhlawumbe kude ngalé kwemingcele yayo. Kube ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene eziyisikhumbuzo sasenziwe ngesiliva nge blackening ekhethekile. Lo msebenzi abantu zazivela ngekhulu le-17, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi umhlobiso Ustyug Omkhulu ngenjabulo egqoka hhayi kuphela izicukuthwane esigodlweni Russian Tsar, kodwa futhi phesheya.

Futhi lapha, inkampani isebenza "Veliky amaphethini", okuyinto bekwi ukwelukwa of birch amagxolo edwetshwe kulo.

"Ezweni Santa Claus"

Kukuphi lapho ukuphila uJehova ebusika, kodwa eNorth Russian! Ngo-1999, wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi nakuba isihloko ezweni of Santa Claus amangalelwe lamadolobha amaningi aseRussia, Ustyug Omkhulu ayebhekwa ofanele kakhulu lo msebenzi.

"Residence" lokhu izingane lwasemaphusheni iqhawe othandekayo - kuwumsebenzi ezokuvakasha, okuyinto edonsela minyaka yonke emzini, izinkulungwane eziningi zabantu ezivela ezweni lonke. Phakathi nohlaka yayo, aphethwe ezihlukahlukene imicimbi kanye imincintiswano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Santa Claus lithola izincwadi ezivela ezinganeni. Chief Iseluleki eRussia, ndlela, izingane emazweni amaningi babhalela. Incwadi ngayinye kubhekwa kudingekile, futhi ekhelini asihlali ngaphandle isipho.

Ngaphezu yokuhlala umuzi Museum kanye mail, abe izwe "patrimony Santa Claus" eduze kwalesi sigodi. Lapho, izingane izohlangana umlumbi yena nomzukulu wakhe - Snow Maiden. Duzane okunethezeka emibhoshongweni yokhuni epaki esakhiwe, izinkambo ukuthola izinhlamvu lwasemaphusheni, ukujabulisa izingane imidlalo, nezimfumbe futhi izindaba mayelana Fairy ukuphila nezikhathi.

Qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela Ustyug Omkhulu! Umlando lomuzi jikelele, niyazi, futhi ukuze ufunde kabanzi unga ngazo kulo mnyuziyamu wendawo. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuletha izingane zakho. Yini kungaletha injabulo enkulu ezingelosini izingane kuka uhambo ukuvakashela Umkhulu Frost!