Uyini uhlelo emfuleni? Umfula main nemingenela

Kuwo wonke amazwekazi emifuleni ukugeleza, ezinkulu kanye nezincane, kungukuthi nje bondliwa amachibi, izilwandle nakho izilwandle, kodwa futhi ahlinzeke fresh emadolobheni amanzi amancane namakhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baye bazama ukwakha nemizana yayo eduze kwamanzi. Namuhla, cishe njalo inhlokodolobha, kungaba eMoscow, Paris noma Tokyo, kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa emfuleni ngobukhulu, okuyinto yake based. Kodwa uyini uhlelo emfuleni, kusuka lapho kuvela nalapho uwela?

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Bekungeke ezilwandle kanye namachibi, uma abazange ugcwalise ngomzuzwana of zamanzi ukunweba inethiwekhi kalula kuwo wonke amazwekazi. umsuka wayo bathatha phezulu ezintabeni, noma kusukela entwasahlobo entabeni endleleni ukugeleza zalo ngokuqhubekayo bondliwa amanzi emvula ukunikeza watersheds. Umfula main ngokuvamile yenqwaba amanzi, linikeza igama uhlelo yakhiwe kusukela nemingenela ukuthi iyangena-ke. Njengoba isibonelo, izinhlelo ezifana Yenissei noma iVolga. Akukhona njalo ukwabiwa umfula oyinhloko nemingenela ngakho ngokungananazi. Ngokuvamile banake nemingcele Ukukhetha ezifana ubude, ukugeleza isiqondiso, isakhiwo emikhawulweni, umbala kanye nenani amanzi. Kuyini uhlelo emfuleni kungaqondakala ngokubheka Amazon, wesifunda salo ziyalingana futhi icacile.

amachibi

Yonke ndawo, ngalo amandla emfuleni libizwa pool yayo. It ngokuvamile kuthatha ngesimo lesiyingi noma ungathi ipheya. Inani it has ngqo nethonya elinamandla ekuphileni kwezomnotho nezombusazwe izakhamizi kule ndawo abantu, imizi kanye namazwe. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amanzi - lokho kungukuphila, nalapho akwanele, isibonelo, e-Afrika, kungaba sikhule lutho. Yingakho okhokho bethu bahlakaniphe wazama ibekwe eduze kwamanzi. Uma ubheka iphesenti isikhala matasa amachibi ehlukile wonke amazwekazi, singaphetha ngokuthi inani elihle kunawo maqondana izimo lokuhlola amanzi yezwe zitholakala eNingizimu (67%) kanye North (49%) of America. Yiqiniso, ngoba kukhona umfula izinhlelo ezinkulu e-Amazon, Orinoco, Mississippi futhi Colorado.

watersheds

Watersheds - kuyinto imigqa okunemibandela noma nemithende, okuyinto amachibi bahlukana. Eyayiwuphawu eyinhloko iplanethi libizwa ocular (A. Tillo) futhi abelana yokubhukuda Arctic Atlantic Oceans, okuyinto oluthatha 53% we ndawo Imininingwane, ushise esifundeni zasePacific izilwandle Indian, bona zaba 25% kuphela. ukusatshalaliswa okunjalo kungenxa nokwakheka kobuso bomhlaba, ngoba ezimbili zokugcina ogwini izilwandle kuthiwa oluneziqhingi ups ahlukahlukene ukuthi izinkinga endleleni emfuleni, futhi elikhulu ukubaluleka imvula. Labo abasele abanga-22% womhlaba basonta okuthiwa zero-ocucuzayo endaweni, okuyinto libhekene iqiniso lokuthi umfula lapho, abanawo kolwandle, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze ulwandle. Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo amanzi endaweni Central Afrika nge yayo ogwadule iSahara futhi LwaseKalahari. Kuyini uhlelo emfuleni ngaphandle kwemithombo yamanzi? I watersheds ngobukhulu futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi ku iziqongo eziyinhloko izintaba. Ngokwesibonelo, e-America, kwalesi simiso sezinto nasekupheleni Cordillera yase-Andes, izintaba zase-Alps eYurophu.

I-Asia

Hydrology izwekazi ngamunye uhlukile futhi inezici ayo isici. Iningi emifuleni Asian ukusebenzisa kwaqala ezintabeni zaseHimalaya ithafa zaseTibet zihlanganisa i-Indus, Brahmaputra, iGanges, Irrawaddy, iMekong, umfula iYangtze, Salween kanye Yellow River. Lezi imifula usizo aqakathekileko, njengombana gade okondliwa zonke uhlobo ocebile kulezi zindawo, futhi ziwela ngenxa eqhweni-free ulwandle efudumele. Ungagqamisa ngesinye isici emifuleni Asian, ezinye zazo ingahlukaniswa ngababili, ngoba pair ngamunye has kwaqala endaweni eyodwa, kodwa bese ihlala ngokwahlukana, ukuphinde bahlangane endaweni amanzi. It Irtysh kanye ob emifuleni, iGanges ne-Brahmaputra, le iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe, i-Amu Darya futhi Syr Darya. Cishe zonke emfuleni futhi umfula simiso imikhumbi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi insimu lapho zenzeka, ethulwa emathafeni.

Europe

Amanzi Umthambo itsatfwa Asian phansi kunabaphostoli kokubili ubude nobubanzi. Isici esiyinhloko yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi ukusondela imisuka, okwagcina kuholela star emise kwehlukana emifuleni, isibonelo abatelekile - ke Valdai Hills, nge laphi imifula emikhulu njenge-iVolga nemingenela Ilmenite, Dnieper futhi eWestern Dvina. Imihlobo amachibi kakhulu iba sobala, kodwa zingahlanganiswa, ngoba aseduze ezintabeni.

North kanye Ningizimu Melika nase-Afrika

Kodwa isabelo lezi amazwekazi akhawunti emifuleni kakhulu futhi eside umnyuziki olandelanayo. Ngo -Nyakatfo Melika, iningi kule misele we Lake kungokwalabo uhlobo, okondliwa igcwele amachibi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. EziNtabeni ZaseRocky eningizimu yezwekazi lase kukhona umfula, onikeza amanzi awo e-nasePacific Ocean, kanye -Atlantic Ocean, kufaneleka igama lakhe "Oceans Amabili". E-Afrika, isikimu emfuleni uhlelo ngokuvamile iphazanyiswe waterfall ukuthi ayikuvumeli ukuthuthukisa navigation, kodwa sisebenza kuphela sifinyelela aphansi. Kodwa enyakatho nezwekazi eyaziwa ukugeleza imifula emikhulu njenge-Nile, Niger neCongo. Basuke izimpawu ukungabi kwemithombo yamanzi, elibangela ukuba uhlangane ku elingenhla. Ngakho sabuka lokho ohlelweni emfuleni, ikakhulukazi nokusakazwa kwayo begodu nesakhiwo amachibi.