Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke insimbi yomculo, noma Uyini zurna

Zurna - insimbi yomculo nge a umlando ocebile. Leli gama litholakala ngezilimi eziningi: Azerbaijani, Armenia, Kurdish ngisho WasePheresiya. Ilihumusha ngokoqobo ngokuthi "umtshingo zemikhosi." Leli thuluzi kuvamile emazweni ase-Asia Minor, Ephakathi futhi eMpumalanga Eseduze, Central Asia, India ne eCaucasus. Amathuluzi ezihlobene zurna, khona cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, eziqala China ne Japan ziphethe aseBalkan.

Uyini zurna

Kuyinto tube ozwakala ezenziwe ngokhuni ne uphondo sasivumela ububanzi futhi izimbobo ambalwa (ngokuvamile 8-9). Omunye izimbobo ohlangothini misa, njengomuntu mibhalo.

Zurna Armenia akuhlukile Indian. Lena amathuluzi kakhulu zomculo ngokuvamile ababhekana nezinguquko emazweni ahlukahlukene, bayoba ukuzivumelanisa umculo we bantu, kodwa hhayi esimweni zurna.

uhla

Kodwa unamathele at zurna double, induku efanayo kakhulu yesimanje nalo ngenxa Oboe, okwenza hhayi kuphela kubo amathuluzi ahlobene, kodwa futhi kusikisela ukuthi eyandulela we zurna Oboe waqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has a ithoni egqamile futhi shrill ukuthi futhi usibeka Ngokuvumelana zomculo ezifana zhaleyka nesiNgisi uphondo.

Zurna - insimbi yomculo lahlukene elilodwa octaves nengxenye, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ku esikalini diatonic futhi chromatic. Inothi phansi, okuyinto ingadlalwa on the zurna - Nokho kuyinto B-flat enothini ezincane, futhi kubhekwa phezulu enothini lwesithathu, kungenzeka ukunweba eyamukela imibala ambalwa ngaphezulu. Kudinga amakhono akhethekile, futhi amanothi angaphezu uhla evamile abadlali ngokuthi "CEFIR seslyar".

Mayelana esihlahleni

Uma ucela uyini zurna, emculweni amakhosi, bayothi ukuthi a ngokhuni umoya zomculo yomculo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile kakhulu - kuba izinkuni. Njengomthetho, zurna eyenziwe kamalibhele, hazel noma ibhilikotsi. Ekupheleni engenhla (lapho umoba kuvikelwe) tube kokuba ububanzi 20 mm, futhi eyandisa ngokucijile ezansi ukuze 60-65 mm. Ubude Imininingwane ngokuvamile zokhahlamba kusuka ngamasentimitha 30 kuya kwezingu-32. Kukhona ingxenye enkulu ekuklanyweni - "Masha". Lokhu emikhonweni, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngokhuni we elifanayo (kodwa ingasetshenziswa ongasemanzini zasendle), futhi ifakwe ekupheleni engenhla okukuvumela ukuthi ukulungisa plate. Isetshenziswa wenziwe kwemihlanga ubude esuka kwangu eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi, okuyinto cishe kabili emifushane kunaleyo Oboe yesimanje.

indaba

Uyini zurna, kungenziwa wehlulelwa abavubukuli. Ngokusho kwabo, ke sekuneminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu edlule, lokhu izinsuku yobudala kusukela ukutholakala insimu ka Mingechevir yesimanje - idolobha lesine ngobukhulu e-Azerbaijan. Abavubukuli baye amakhophi ezine zurna atholakele, kodwa kwakungekho esihlahleni, futhi antler impahla. Balaban - izinto ezifanayo amathuluzi ezihlobene zitholakele.

Umculi udlala zurna, ngokuthi zurnachi. "Umlomo" - a zurnachi ukudlala umculo kule Ensemble. Ngokuvamile, iqembu siqukethe abaculi abathathu, kanye zurnachi wesibili odlala elibala, amanothi main ngokuvumelana esihlanganisa umculo waseScotland nase-Ireland, lapho Drone ka nomtshingo ezihambisana melody ngephimbo elifanayo okuqhubekayo umsindo kuzithinta wadala. Lo mculi engowesithathu Ensemble - umshayi wesigubhu, yena kudala eziyinkimbinkimbi, isigqi eyinkimbinkimbi. In esinjalo ensembles yobuhlanga esetshenziswa zakudala izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo, ezifana umule noma nasik dhol, okuyizinto imigqomo emikhulu noma naphakathi. Drummer kungaba wabhula isigqi ngesandla esisodwa noma usebenzise Wand.

zinhlobo

Umbuzo ka lokho zurna, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle indaba izinhlobo zalo. Njengomthetho, umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo mancane futhi musa kuthinte ngokucacile umsindo. Ikakhulukazi eyaziwa gara zurna, zurna Jura, zurna Shehab nabanye.

Zurna ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa imidlalo ongaphandle, sibonga ithoni yayo ephezulu uphonswe undemanding maqondana sezulu. Zurnachi solo noma i Ensemble yayidlala umculo ukuze Rhythmic, besina okusheshayo, kodwa egumbini ayethanda duduk zurna noma Balaban - ezihlobene mhlanga woodwinds, kodwa abe ethambile, Velvety futhi umsindo izinto ezivusa ugqozi. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kancane kusukela zurna: ungenalo insimbi ububanzi, izinkuni ezingezwakali ngaphezulu, njengoba umoba ubanzi kakhulu. Nokho, wonke amathuluzi ahlobene abe amasu ukudlala efanayo, zurnachi unamakhono ngakho akunzima ukuba balukhulume amathuluzi amaningi. Ngo-2005, i-Armenian duduk umculo ifakiwe ohlwini UNESCO njengoba ngobuciko namagugu angaphatheki kwezamasiko.

Manje zurna isetshenziselwa ekukhishweni temdzabu, ezifana mugham - omunye izinhlobo bendabuko umculo Azerbaijani, kanye phakathi nemikhosi endaweni evulekile, lapho kuyadingeka ngokufana umdanso amashuni, ezifana Jangi. Ngo ezinjalo folk amasampula zurna ngokuvamile soloist le-orchestra noma eqenjini lomculo.